届中考英语语法专题复习检测9.docx

1、届中考英语语法专题复习检测9专题09 非谓语动词解读考点非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 直击考点1.只能接to + do的动词有：decide, agree, hope, want, refuse, plan, need, wish + to do .有些动词加 to do 作宾语补足语，常见的有： ask, tell, want, teach + sb. + to do + sth. 2.加 to + do 的

2、重点句型有： It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间/金钱 It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth. 做某事怎样 Would you like to? 2.后接省略to的动词不定式的动词有： 一感(feel)二听(hear, listen to)三让(have, make, let)四看(watch, see, look at, notice)半个帮助(help可以带to，也可以省略)改为被动语态时，to要还原 例如：This little boy is made to clean his bedr

3、oom every week. 省略to 的情况有： 情态动词后 why not/why dont you would rather than doing (否定式not doing) 3.加 doing做非谓语的动词常考的有： enjoy，finish，mind，suggest，miss，admit, deny, keep, imagine，practice + doing sth. 加doing的情况有： (1)介词后 + doing 例如：give up doing sth.，be interested in doing sth.等 (2)feel like + doing (喜欢做某事

4、)/ prefer doing sth. to doing sth.(更喜欢) (3)to作介词时的几个常用短语： look forward to/be used to/ pay attention to + doing 既可加to do 也可以加doing，并意思相近的动词有： begin，start, like, love, hate 既可加to do 也可以加doing，但意思不同的动词有： forget to do 忘记去做某事(事情还没有做) forget doing 忘记做过某事(事情已经做了，但是忘了) remember to do 记得去做某事(事情还没有做) remember

5、 doing 记得做过某事 (事情已经做了) regret to do (对将要做的事)遗憾 regret doing (对已经做过的事)遗憾 stop to do 停下来去做某事(去做另外一件事情) stop doing 停止做某事 (停止正在做的事情)【名师点睛】动词不定式在句中的作用1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2

6、)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting爬山很有趣。(经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) (3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 (1)不定式作表语 1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do

7、 two things at a time is to do neither-次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 To work means to earn a living工作就是为了生活。 3)如果主语是以aim， duty， hope， idea， happiness， job， plan， problem， purpose， thing， wish等为中心的名词，或

8、以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 The function of Louis Sullivans architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. The most important thing is to negotiate with them about t

9、he future of the plant (2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 Our work is serving the people我们的工作是为人民服务。 His hobby is collecting stamps他的爱好是集邮。 (注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 People cannot but feel puzzled， for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a

10、 stupid mistake. His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected (3)分词作表语 分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite， interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到”都用-ed形式。换句话说

11、，若人对感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in.,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： interesting使人感到高兴-interested感到高兴的exciting令人激动的-excited感到激动的 delighting令人高兴的-delighted感到高兴的 disappointing令人失望的-disappointed感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的-encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的-pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人费解的-puzzled感到费解的 s

12、atisfying令人满意的-satisfied感到满意的 surprising令人惊异的-surprised感到惊异的 worrying令人担心的-worried感到担心的3.非谓语动词中的有关句型 （1）动名词作主语的句型 1）Doing.+ v. Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore.)等名词+doing sth. It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is

13、no good objecting.反对也没有用。 It is a great fun playing football打篮球很有趣。 It is a waste of time trying to explain设法解释是浪费时间。 3)It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth It is useless speaking.光说没用。 It is nice seeing you again真高兴又遇到了你。 It is good Playing chess after supper晚饭后弈棋挺好。 I

14、t is expensive running this car开这种小车是浪费。中考中出现频率较高的知识点： 1.stop to do sth. 和stop doing sth. stop to do sth. 表示停止做其它事情而去做to do sth.所表示的事情，可以将to do sth.理解成stop的目的状语；stop doing sth.表示不做doing sth.所表示的事情。 例如： Stop talking. Lets begin our class. said the teacher. 老师说：别说话了，让我们开始上课。We have kept doing our home

15、work for a long time. Lets stop to listen to music. 我们做家庭作业很长时间了，让我们停下来听听音乐。 2.forget to do sth.和forget doing sth. (remember to do sth. 和remember doing sth.) forget to do sth.表示将来不要忘记做某事，谈的是未来的事情；forget doing sth.表示忘记过去应该做的事情。 例如： Dont forget to do your homework. said the teacher before the class wa

16、s over. 老师在下课前说：不要忘记做家庭作业。 Im sorry. I forgot doing my homework. May I hand it in this afternoon, Mr. Chen? said Li Ming. 李明说：对不起，我忘记做家庭作业了。我今天下午交好吗，陈老师？ 3.have sth. done.（过去分词）（让别人）做某事 例如：I had my hair cut yesterday afternoon. 我昨天下午理了发。 My computer can not work now. I must have it repaired. 我的电脑有故障

17、了，我必须让人修好它。 4. 感官动词后接不带to的不定式或者现在分词的区别 例如：see sb. do sth.看见某人（经常）做某事 和see sb. doing sth.看见某人（正在）做某事 I often see him do exercise in the morning. 我经常在早晨看见他锻炼身体。 When I was walking in the park, I saw him drawing a picture there. 当我在公园散步的时候，我看见他正在那里画画。 5. 在主动语态中，感官动词(see, hear, feel, watch等)和使役动词(make,

18、have, let等)要求接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语，而在被动语态里，不定式要带上to。 例如：The boss often made the workers work 10 hours a day. The workers were made to work 10 hours a day. She was heard to use strong language. 听说她骂人了。 6常用的几个和不定式有关的句型： Why not do sth? 为什么不做某事？ It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花了某人多长时间。 It is/was +

19、形容词+(for sb.) +to do sth. 做某事（对某人来说）怎么样。 7. 介词后面一般接动名词。同学们要特别注意介词to和不定式符号to的区别，例如下面的词组一定要记清： prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢做不喜欢做 look forward to doing sth. 期待/盼望做某事 make a contribution to doing sth. 为做出贡献 8. 现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别 A. 现在分词含有正在进行的意思，而过去分词含有被动或者已经完成的意思，如： a developing country 发展中国家 a deve

20、loped country 发达国家 boiling water 正在沸腾的水(一般情况下水温为100) boiled water 开水（已经烧开的水，水温可以依然很高，也可以是凉白开） a boy named Jim 一个叫Jim的男孩 B. 有些动词的现在分词和过去分词都具有形容词特征，但是它们的意思有区别。它们的-ing形式往往用来说明事物的特征；他们的-ed形式表示被动的意思，用来说明人的情况。 I am interested in this interesting story. 我对这个有趣的故事感兴趣。 I am moved at the moving sight. 我被这动人的情

21、景感动了。 They were amazed at the amazing facts. 他们对那些令人惊异的事实感到惊奇。下面是一些常见的固定表达，请同学们牢记：和to do 连用的固定搭配ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事be pleased /be glad to do sth.很高兴做某事cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事cant afford to do sth. 不能担负起干某事decide to do sth. 决定做某事do/try ones best to do sth.尽全力做某事do nothing to do sth. 对无能为

22、力deserve to do sth. 值得干某事形容词/副词+enough to do sth. 足以做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事find + it + 形容词 +to do sth. 发现做某事get ready to do sth. 准备做某事go on to do sth. 继续做某事hope to do sth. 希望做某事improve sth. to do sth. 改善/提高某物来干某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人干某事Its better to do sth. 干某事比较好Its time to do sth.

23、 到该做某事的时间了。like to do sth. 喜欢做某事like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事love to do sth. 爱做某事learn to do sth. 学会做某事make ones mind to do sth. 下决心做某事make a list of five ways to do sth. 列出干某事的五种方式的清单need to do sth. 需要做某事plan to do sth. 计划干某事prefer to do sth.+ rather than do sth. 喜欢不喜欢refuse to do sth. 拒绝干某事remember

24、to do 记得要去做某事The best time to do sth. is. 干某事的最佳时间是stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事start/begin to do sth. 开始做某事seem to do sth. 似乎要做某事set ones mind to do sth. 一心要做某事tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事too.to do sth. 太以致于不能try to do sth. 努力/试着去做think it necessary for sb. to do sth. 认为某人有必要干某事Theres no time to do sth.

25、 没时间做某事teach sb. (how) to do sth. 教某人干某事used to do sth. 过去常常干某事 wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事would love to do sth. 很愿意做某事would like (sb.) to do sth. 想让某人做某事want to do sth. 想做某事和doing 连用的固定搭配watch sb. doing sth. 观看某人正在做stop doing sth. 停止做某事remember doing sth. 记得已做过某事try doing sth. 努力/试着去做like doing sth

26、. 喜欢做某事forget doing sth. 忘记已做过某事go on doing sth. 继续做某事be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事be worth doing sth. 某事值得一做carry on doing sth. 继续做某事couldnt help doing sth. 忍不住做某事enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 feel sb. doing sth. 感觉某人正在做某事finish doing sth. 完成某事feel like doing sth. 想做某事go hiking 远足give up doing sth. 放弃做某事have f

27、un doing sth. 感到做某事很有乐趣have problems doing sth. 做某事遇到了很多问题hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事hate doing sth. 不喜欢做某事It is +形容词 +doing sth. 做某事keep on doing sth. /keep doing sth. 持续做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事make it possible by doing sth. 使做某事成为可能prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人干某事practise doing sth. 练习做某事pref

28、er doing sth. to doing sth. 宁愿做也不做喜欢做不喜欢做stop sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人干某事see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在干某事There be sb./sth. doing sth. 某地有某人或某物正在做某事Thank sb. for doing sth. 谢谢某人做了某事take an active part in doing sth. 积极参加做某事use sth. for doing sth. 用某物做某事 (be used to do sth.)What about doing sth.? 做某事怎么样？wit

29、hout doing sth. 没有干某事work all night doing sth. 工作整晚做某事和 do 连用的固定搭配hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做过做某事 (sb. be heard to do sth.)watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做了feel sb. do sth. 感觉某人做了某事have sb. do sth. 使得某人做某事had better + (not) do sth. 最好做（不做）某事let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 (sb. be made to do sth.)Why

30、 not do sth? 为何不做某事?2年中考2014年题组1【2014年四川省达州市中考】 Im sorry I _ my exercise book at home this morning.It doesnt matter. Dont forget _ it here this afternoon.A. left; to take B. forgot; bringing C. left; to bring D. forgot; to bring【答案】C【解析】 试题分析： 对不起，我今天早晨把我的作业本落在家里了。 没关系。别忘了今天下午带来。forget忘记，后跟to do表示忘记去做；后跟-ing表示忘了做过某事；leave在这里的意思是：把某物落在某处；bring带来；take带走。故选C。考点：考查动词及非谓语动词的用法。2【2014年河北省中考】Dont forget _ thanks when other people help you. A. accept B. to accept C. say D. to say 【答案】D 考点：考查非谓语动词。3. 【2014年湖南省长沙市中考】It is getting cold. Would you mind_ the window