讨论大型机电设备的安装与调试.docx

1、讨论大型机电设备的安装与调试讨论大型机电设备的安装与调试【摘要】本文根据笔者多年机电设备安装实践经验，从电动机调试起动前、运行过程、故障原因诸多细节检查人手，详细介绍了大型机电设备安装调试过程中过程中经常出现或者有可能出现的问题，并以典型回路为例，具体分析阐述了电动机起动失效的原因及解决办法，并就电动机运行过程中的监视与维护进行了扼要说明，供同行参考。【 abstract 】 this paper based on practical experience, the author for many years mechanical and electrical equipment instal

2、lation debugging from motor starting, operation process, the cause of the problem in many details inspection before hand, large mechanical and electrical equipment installation and debugging process is introduced in the process of frequent or possible problems, and the typical circuit as an example,

3、 the specific analysis of motor starting failure reason and solution, and the motor operation in the process of monitoring and maintenance has carried on the summary, for peer reference. 【关键词】电动机；安装调试；故障；控制与保护【 key words 】 the motor; Installation and debugging; Fault; Control and protection 1. 概述1.

4、Overview 在工程机电设备安装施工完成之后，通常要对电动机及其所带的机械作单机起动调试。调试运行设备是在施工单位人员的操作下，按照正式生产或使用的条件和要求进行较长时间的工作运转，与项目设计的要求进行对比。目的是考验设备设计、制造和安装调试的质量，验证设备连续工作的可能性，对设备性能作一检测，并将检测的数据与设备制造出了记录的数据进行比较，对设备工程的质量作出评价。在实际工作中设备的试运行往往会碰到意想不到的异常现象，使电动机起动失败而跳闸，较大容量的电动机机会便多一些。为了便于事后分析，而电机起动之前，我们就应做好事前准备工作(尤其是大型电动机更需要重视)，并对检查的结果加以分析。Af

5、ter the completion of a project electrical and mechanical equipment installation construction, often to the motor and the belt of the machine as a standalone start debugging. Debugging operation equipment is under the operation of the construction unit personnel, according to the production or use o

6、f conditions and the requirements for a long time of operation, compared with project design needs. Purpose is to test the quality of the equipment design, manufacture and installation and debugging, to verify the possibility of equipment continuous working, a test equipment performance, and record

7、test data and equipment produced data comparison, to judge the quality of equipment engineering. Equipment trial run in the practical work often encounter unexpected abnormal phenomenon, makes the motor starting failure tripping, large capacity motor has more opportunity. To facilitate the later ana

8、lysis, before starting the motor, we should to do a good job of preparation (especially large electric motor needs more attention), and the results of inspection analysis. 2. 电动机起动前的检查与试运行检查2. Inspection and commissioning inspection before the motor starting 2.1启动前的检查。2.1 before the start of inspect

9、ion. 2.1.1新安装的或停用三个月以上的电动机，用兆欧表测量电动机各项绕组之间及每项绕组与地(机壳)之间的绝缘电阻，测试前应拆除电动机出线端子上的所有外部接线。通常对500V以下的电动机用500V兆 。2.1.1 newly installed or stop using more than three months of motor, the motor is measured with a megger and each winding between the winding and ground (chassis), the insulation resistance betwee

10、n the test should be removed before all the wiring on the outlet terminals of the motor. Usually under 500 v motor with 500 v. 欧表测量，对5003000V电动机用1000V兆欧表测量其绝缘电阻。按要求，电动机每1KV工作电压，绝缘电阻不得低于1MB，电压在1kV以下、容量为了1000KW及以下的电动机，其绝缘电阻应不低于0.5MB。如绝缘电阻较低，则应先将电动机进行烘干处理，然后再测绝缘电阻，合格后才通电使用。The measure table, at 500 300

11、0 v motor used to measure the insulation resistance by megger are 1000 v. As required, per 1 kv motor working voltage, the insulation resistance shall be not less than 1 MB , below 1 kv voltage, capacity to 1000 kw and below motor, the insulation resistance shall be not less than 0.5 MB . Such as in

12、sulation resistance is low, the drying process should be the first motor, and then measuring insulation resistance, qualified only after electricity use. 2.1.2检查二次回路接线是否正确，二次回路接线检查可以在未接电动机情况下先模拟动作一次，确认各环节动作无误，包括信号灯显示正确与否。检查电动机引出线的连接是否正确，相序和旋转方向是否符合要求，接地或接零是否良好，导线截面积是否符合要求。2.1.2 check secondary circu

13、it wiring is correct, the secondary circuit wiring check can not answer the motor case simulation first action time, verify the action of each link, including light display correctly or not. Check the electric tractor line connection is correct, the phase sequence and direction of rotation is in lin

14、e with the requirements, ground zero are in good condition, and wire cross-sectional area is in line with the requirements. 2.1.3检查电动机内部有无杂物，用干燥、清洁的200300KPa的压缩空气吹净内部(可使用电吹风机或手风箱等来吹)，但不能碰坏绕组。2.1.3 check motor internal presence of clutter, use dry, clean compressed air blowing off of 200 300 kpa insi

15、de (can use electric dryer or bellows to blowing etc.), but cant touch bad winding. 2.1.4检查电动机铭牌所示电压，频率与所接电源电压、频率是否相符，电源电压是否稳定(通常允许电源电压波动范围为5)，接法是否与铭牌所示相同。如果是降压起动，还要检查起动设备的接线是否正确。2.1.4 shown in check the nameplate of the motor voltage, frequency and the power supply voltage, frequency, the power sup

16、ply voltage is stable (typically allow the power supply voltage fluctuation range is + / - 5%), the connection is the same as the nameplate as shown. If it is a step-down starting, also check the starting equipment wiring is correct. 2.1.5检查电动机紧固螺栓是否松动，轴承是否缺油，定子与转子的间隙是否合理，间隙处是否清洁和有无杂物。检查机组周围有无妨碍运行的杂

17、物，电动机和所传动机械的基础是否牢固。2.1.5 to check if the bolt motor loose, bearing is short of oil, the clearance between the rotor and stator is reasonable, whether the gaps have clean and without sundry. Check around the unit with and without interfering with operation of sundry, motor and mechanical transmission

18、 is the basis of the firm. 2.1.6检查保护电器(断路器、熔断器、交流接触器、热继电器等)整定值是否合适。动、静触头接触是否良好。检查控制装置的容量是否合适，熔体是否完好，规格、容量是否符合要求和装接是否牢固。2.1.6 check protection appliances (circuit breaker, fuse, ac contactor, thermal relay, etc.), setting value is appropriate. Dynamic and static contact contact are in good condition.

19、 Check whether the capacity of the control device is appropriate, the melt is in good condition, specifications, capacity is in line with the requirements and assembling is rigid. 2.1.7电刷与换向器或滑环接触是否良好，电刷压力是否符合制造厂的规定。2.1.7 brush contact with the commutator or slip rings are in good condition, brush p

20、ressure whether comply with the provisions of the factory. 2.1.8检查启动设备是否完好，接线是否正确，规格是否符合电动机要求。用手扳动电动机转子和所传动机械的转轴(如水泵、风机等)，检查转动是否灵活，有无卡涩、摩擦和扫膛现象。确认安装良好，转动无碍。Check boot device 2.1.8, wiring is correct, whether to conform to the requirements of the motor. Hand pull (rotor of the motor and the mechanica

21、l transmission shaft (such as water pump, fan, etc.), check whether rotation is flexible, with and without jamming phenomenon, friction, and sweep chamber. Confirm the installation is good, rotating freely. 2.1.9检查传动装置是否符合要求。传动带松紧是否适度，联轴器连接是否完好。2.1.9 check transmission device meets the requirements.

22、 Belt tightness is moderate, shaft coupling are in good condition. 2.1.10检查电动机的通风系统、冷却系统和润滑系统是否正常。观察是否有泄漏印痕，转动电动机转轴，看转动是否灵活，有无摩擦声或其它异声。2.1.10 check motors ventilation system, cooling system and lubrication system is normal. Observe whether there is leakage impressions, rotate the motor shaft, the ro

23、tation is flexible, the presence of friction voice or other sound. 2.1.11检查电动机外壳的接地或接零保护是否可靠和符合要求。2.1.11 check motor enclosure grounding or meet zero protection and reliable and conform to the requirements. 2.2电动机试运行过程中检查 。2.2 motor test during inspection. 2.2.1启动时检查 。2.2.1 startup check. 2.2.1.1电动机

24、在通电试运行时必须提醒在场人员注意，传动部分附近不应有其它人员站立，也不应站在电动机及被拖动设备的两侧，以免旋转物切向飞出造成伤害事故。2.2.1.1 motor in electric commissioning must remind people pay attention to the transmission parts should not have other people standing nearby, also should not stand in both sides of the motor and dragging device, so as to avoid da

25、mage rotating eager to fly out of the accident. 2.2.1.2接通电源之前就应作好切断电源的准备，以防万一接通电源后电动机出现不正常的情况时(如电动机不能启动、启动缓慢、出现异常声音等)能立即切断电源。使用直接启动方式的电动机应空载启动。由于启动电流大，拉合闸动作应迅速果断。2.2.1.2 before turning on the power supply should be prepared to cut off the power, in one thousand after the motor power supply is connec

26、ted appear abnormal situation (such as the motor cant start, start slowly, abnormal sound, etc.) can cut off the power supply immediately. Using direct should start ways of motor no-load startup. Due to the large starting current, switching action should be quickly determined. 2.2.1.3一台电动机的连续启动次数不宜超

27、过35次，以防止启动设备和电动机过热。尤其是电动机功率较大时要随时注意电动机的温升情况。2.2.1.3 the start times for an electric motor should not be more than 3 5 times, in order to prevent the boot device and motor overheating. Especially when motor power is bigger should pay attention to the motor temperature rise at any time. 2.2.1.4电动机启动后不

28、转或转动不正常或有异常声音时，应迅速停机检查。2.2.1.4 motor starts not turn or rotate the normal or abnormal sound, should quickly stop check. 2.2.1.5使用三角启动器和自耦减压器时，软启动器或变频启动时必须遵守操作程序。2.2.1.5 use delta starter and self coupling pressure reducer, the soft starter or frequency startup must comply with the operating procedur

29、es. 2.2.2试运行时检查 。2.2.2 preproduction inspection. 2.2.2.1检查电动机转动是否灵活或有杂音。注意电动机的旋转方向与要求的旋转方向是否相符。2.2.2.1 check motor rotation is flexible or have noise. Pay attention to the direction of rotation of the motor and the required direction of rotation is consistent. 2.2.2.2检查电源电压是否正常。对于380V异步电动机，电源电压不宜高于4

30、00V，也不能低于360V。2.2.2.2 check the power supply voltage is normal. For asynchronous motor, 380 v mains voltage should not be higher than 400 v, also cannot be lower than 360 v. 2.2.2.3记录起动时母线电压、起动时间和电动机空载电流。注意电流不能超过额定电流。2.2.2.3 record starting busbar voltage, when the starting time and motor no-load cu

31、rrent. Pay attention to current should not exceed the rated current. 2.2.2.4检查电动机所带动的设备是否正常，电动机与设备之间的传动是否正常。2.2.2.4 equipment is normal, check the motor by a motor to drive and equipment between is normal. 2.2.2.5检查电动机运行时的声音是否正常，有无冒烟和焦味。2.2.2.5 check when the motor running sound is normal, whether s

32、moking and focal flavour. 2.2.2.6用验电笔检查电动机外壳是否有漏电和接地不良。2.2.2.6 YanDianBi shall be used to check if there is a leakage and grounding the bad motor shell. 2.2.2.7检查电动机外壳有无过热现象并注意电动机的温升是否正常，轴承温度是否符合制造厂的规定(对绝缘的轴承，还应测量其轴电压)。2.2.2.7 check whether there is any overheating on motor shell and pay attention to the temperature of the motor is normal, the bearing temperature whether comply with the provisions of the factory (the bearing of the insulation, should also be measuring the shaft voltage). 2.2.2.8检查换向器、滑环和电刷的工作是否正常，观察其火花情况(允许电刷下面有轻微的火花)。