高考英语一轮复习 专题11 名词性从句教学案.docx

1、高考英语一轮复习 专题11 名词性从句教学案专题11名词性从句考纲展示命题探究基础点主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通过放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。主语从句的连接词在句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句。连接主语从句的连接词主要有三类：从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。(1)从属连词从属连词主要有两个that, whether；从属连词在从句中不作任何成分。That he will come to the conference has excited every one of us.他要来参加会议使我们每一个人都十分激动。Whether you can succe

2、ed depends on yourself.你是否能成功取决于你自己。特别提醒if一般(不在句首)引导主语从句。that引导主语从句不能省略。(2)连接代词连接代词在从句中起名词的作用，作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，一般表示疑问。 who谁，whom谁(宾格)，whose谁的，what什么，which哪一个，whoever无论是谁，whomever无论是谁(宾格)，whosever无论是谁的，whatever无论是什么，whichever无论是哪一个。What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么还不清楚。Whichever of you gets

3、 here first will get the prize.你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得这个奖品。特别提醒主语为从句时，谓语动词一般要用单数形式；但如果what引导的从句作主语、代表复数概念时，谓语动词则常用复数形式。What we need is water.我们所需要的是水。What we need are useful books.我们所需要的是有用的书。(3)连接副词连接副词在从句中起副词的作用，作状语，一般表示疑问，但有时不表示疑问。when什么时候，where在哪里，why为什么，how如何，whenever无论是什么时候，wherever无论在哪里，however无论如何。

4、Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行还没有宣布。Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.它们为什么突然消失还是个谜。重难点it作形式主语的主语从句(1)Itbeadj.主语从句。常用于该句型的adj.有：necessary必要的likely可能的clear清楚的important重要的 possible可能的 right正确的wrong错误的 strange奇怪的 natural自然的certain肯定的 obv

5、ious明显的It_is_quite_clear_that the whole project is to fail.很清楚，整个项目就要失败。典例1It is by no means clear _the president can do to end the strike.答案what句意：总统可以采取什么措施来结束罢工一点儿都不清楚。此句中it是形式主语，代替后面的真正的主语从句，故设空处应填能够引导主语从句的连接词，由于从句中及物动词do后缺少宾语，故应使用连接代词what。(2)Itbe名词/名词词组主语从句。常用于该句型的名词或名词词组有：shame遗憾pity可惜hope希望no

6、 wonder难怪 good news好消息It_is_a_shame_that we should have lost such an important customer.真遗憾我们失去了一位如此重要的客户。It_is_our_hope_that the two sides will work together.我们的希望是双方能够合作。(3)Itbe过去分词主语从句。常用于该句型的过去分词有：said据说 believed被相信 reported据报道thought被认为 known所知It_is_said_that our school will hold a sports meet

7、next week.据说我们学校下周要举行运动会。It_has_been_decided_that they should start the project next month.他们要在下个月开始这项工程已经定下来了。(4)It特殊动词/动词短语主语从句。常用于这种结构的特殊动词/动词短语有：seem看上去 appear显得 happen碰巧matter重要 turn out结果是It_happened_that a lion was hiding nearby.刚好有一头狮子躲在旁边。Does it_matter_that I wont attend the meeting tomorr

8、ow?明天我不去参加会议要紧吗？典例2It doesnt matter _you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park.答案whether句意：在十字路口无论你向左转还是右转都没关系两条路都通往公园。It是形式主语，设空处应填入引导主语从句的连接词，从句后半部分的连词or提示本题为whether.or.结构，表示“是还是”。典例3Its no longer a question now _man can land on the moon.答案that句意：现在人类登上月球不再是问题。考查名词性从句，it为形式

9、主语，后面的从句是真正的主语。由于引导词在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，故用that。考法综述了解名词性从句的基本用法，掌握各引导词的用法，辨析that与what，掌握it作形式主语的常见结构。命题法考查主语从句的引导词典例1_we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.答案How句意：我们如何理解事物与我们的感受有很大关系。分析句子结构可知，_we understand things 在句中作主语，是主语从句，根据句意可知，此处应用连接副词how。典例2What Li Bai, a great Chinese poet,

10、was born is known to the public, but some wont accept it._答案WhatWhere依据语境可知，此处指有些人对大诗人李白的出生地存在质疑，分析句子结构可知，What Li Bai，.was born在句中作主语且其中只缺状语，因此改为Where，引导主语从句。what引导名词性从句要在从句中作主、宾或表语。【解题法】(1)掌握各引导词在意义和功能上的差别。(2)在语篇型语法填空中，考查名词性从句的引导词是不给提示词的，考生要分析句子结构，找出主语部分，分析引导词在从句中所作成分和表达的意义。(3)在短文改错中，考查引导词的错用，掌握相似引

11、导词的差别，如what和that等。从引导词在从句中所作成分和意义入手。A单句填空1Exactly_the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.答案when句意：马铃薯具体是在什么时候被引入欧洲的并不确定，但有可能是在1565年左右。由句意可知，后一分句是来补充说明前一分句中的不确定的内容的，根据“around 1565”可知是对时间进行提问，因此用when引导前面的主语从句。2I think_impresses me about his painting is the

12、colours he uses.答案 what句意：我认为他的画给我印象最深的是他对色彩的运用。what引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“的”。3Some people believe_has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.答案what/whatever句意：一些人认为，不管是以前发生的还是现在发生的事情都会在将来重现。此处“_has happened before or is happening now”是主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，故填what/whatever。4_the de

13、layed flight will take off depends much on the weather.答案When句意：延误的飞机何时起飞很大程度上取决于天气状况。根据句意填连接副词When。5_makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.答案What句意：使这本书非同寻常的是这位作家创造性的想象力。What在此处引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。6_you are on good terms with your classmates will affect your mood.答案W

14、hether句意：你与同学相处得是否融洽会影响你的情绪。此处为主语从句，if表示“是否”且于句首时不引导主语从句。根据句意可知应用Whether。7It suddenly occurred to me _I hadnt locked my door.答案that句意：我突然想起我没锁门。it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。It occurs to sb. that意为“某人突然想起”。8As the spokeswoman said，_we should take action against them depends on what they will do.答案whether句

15、意：正如女发言人所说的那样，我们是否应该针对他们采取行动取决于他们将会怎么做。本空需要用连接词引导主语从句，表示“是否”，因此用whether引导。9What made her so happy?_her son passed the college entrance examination.答案That句意：是什么使她这么快乐？她儿子通过高考了。答语为that引导的主语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用。10_will matter is not how many books you read, but how much you learn when you finish rea

16、ding them.答案What句意：重要的不是你读了多少书，而是你读完书后学到了多少。从句子结构看，is前面是一个主语从句，从句中缺少主语，应用What。B单句改错1That you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company._答案ThatWhat句意：你在会上所说的话描述了公司的光明前途。分析句子结构可知，引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语，故用What, That引导主语从句，在从句中不作成分。2It remains to be seen that the newly formed committees pol

17、icy can be put into practice._答案thatwhether句意：这个新成立的委员会的政策能否实施还有待观察。分析句子结构可知，It 作形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的从句“that the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice”；再根据句意可判断，此处表示“是否”，故改为whether, that无意义。3It struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son._答案ItWhat句意：这部电影最打动我的是父亲对他儿

18、子深深的爱。“It struck me most in the movie”为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“所的”，故用What，It不引导从句。4Which one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it._答案WhichWhichever句意：你们中任何一个人打破窗户都必须赔偿。根据题干中one of you可知，空处要用whichever修饰one, 指“你们中的任何一个人”。which指哪一个，表达疑问，故改为whichever。5It doesnt matter how many times you fail; that m

19、atters is how many times you stand up and try again._答案thatwhat句意：你失败多少次都不要紧；要紧的是你有多少次站起来并再次尝试。分析句子成分可知，“that matters”是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，故用what引导。that不作成分。6We have learned from the story that which is most valuable is not what we have in our lives but who we have in our lives._答案whichwhat“which is mos

20、t valuable”是主语从句，在宾语从句中作主语，根据语境可知，该主语从句缺少主语且表示事物，故用what。which指某一范围中的哪个或哪些。7It was never clear that the man hadnt reported the accident sooner._答案thatwhy句意：不清楚这个人为什么不早一点报告那起事故。此处需要连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作原因状语，why表示“为什么”。故把that改为why。8The manager finally agreed to our new marketing proposals.It never occurred

21、to me what you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind._答案whatthat答句表示“我根本就没想到你能说服他改变自己的看法”，句中It作形式主语，这里应该用that引导主语从句，连接词在从句中不作任何成份，也无意义。故把what改为that。基础点在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句(Object Clause)。宾语从句可分为三类：动词后的宾语从句、介词后的宾语从句、形容词后的宾语从句。1宾语从句的连接词I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help.我

22、认为你应该向老师求助。I wonder whether/if it is true.我想知道它是否是真的。I wonder what I can do for you.我不知道能为你做些什么。He didnt tell me when we would meet again.他没告诉我什么时候我们再相见。Could you please show me how you operate the machine?你能给我展示一下如何操作这台机器吗？I dont know whom you should depend on.我不知道你该信任谁。典例1Jerry did not regret givi

23、ng the comment but felt _he could have expressed it differently.答案that句意：杰瑞不后悔给出评论，但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方式来表达的。从句that he could have expressed it differently作felt的宾语，连接词that在从句中不作成分。故填that。特别提醒that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：当that从句作介词的宾语时；动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略；宾语从句前有插入语时；that引

24、导的从句位于句首时。I know nothing about him except that he is from the countryside.除了他来自乡下以外，我对他一无所知。He said (that) he liked rain very much and that he wouldnt use an umbrella when it was raining.他说他非常喜欢雨，下雨天他都不愿打伞。We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们待在家里。That our team wi

25、ll win, I believe.我相信我们队会赢。一般来说，能引导主语从句的连接词都能引导宾语从句。表疑问的宾语从句需要运用陈述句语序，但个别宾语从句本应运用陈述语序，但由于习惯而仍保持原疑问语序不变。I dont know what is the matter with the machine.我不知道这台机器怎么了。2动词后接宾语从句的用法(1)大多数及物动词及动词短语后可接宾语从句。We should keep in mind that there is no short cut to learning.我们应当牢记，学习是没有捷径的。(2)用it作形式宾语的宾语从句。一些动词后的宾

26、语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有：find发现feel感觉think认为consider考虑 believe相信 guess猜测suppose假定，设想 make使得I think it necessary that we drink plenty of boiled water every day.我认为我们每天喝大量开水是有必要的。The teacher made it a rule that all the cleaning should be finished before 7：30 every morning.老师规定每天

27、早晨7：30之前所有的清扫工作必须结束。(3)动词hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜欢”，“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to, depend on, rely on等常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。I hate it_when they talk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。I would appreciate it_if you can help me.如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。典例2You can always rely on_Jack says, as he

28、never tells a lie.答案what句意：你完全可以相信杰克的话，因为他从不说谎。what引导宾语从句作rely on的宾语，what在从句中作says的宾语。3介词后接宾语从句的用法(1)一般情况下介词后只能接wh类连接词引导的宾语从句。Hell talk to us about what he saw in the USA.他将给我们讲述他在美国的见闻。典例3When she was awake, she found that she was standing on_seemed to be a piece of stone.答案what句意：当她醒来时，她发现自己好像正站在一块石头上。stand on后接宾语从句，宾语从句缺少引导词和主语，what在宾语从句中作主语，that引导的从句一般不作介词宾语。故填what。(2)in, but, except 等少数几个介词后可接由that引导的宾语从句，但此时介词和that已形成固定搭配，即in that因为，but that要不是，except that除了。The high income tax is harmful in_that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.所得税很高是有害的，因为它可能使人不愿意多赚钱。He would