英语阅读理解专项习题及答案解析.docx

1、英语阅读理解专项习题及答案解析英语阅读理解专项习题及答案解析一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 Science is finally beginning to embrace animals who were, for a long time, considered second-class citizens. As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted, chickens distinguish among one hundred chicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even a

2、fter months of separation. When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one. Healthy hens may aid friends, and mourn when those friend die. Pigs respond meaningful to human symbo

3、ls. When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the Os. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts p

4、rinted with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning. Ive been guilty of prejudiced expectations, myself. At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was

5、firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals. Theyre other primates(灵长目动物), after all, animals from our own mammalian(灵长目动物) class. Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants expre

6、ss profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure in laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and do

7、lphins kept in small tanks at theme parks. Over time, though, as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish, chickens, pigs, goats, and cows, 1 started to wonder: Will the new science of food animals bring an ethical (伦理的) revolution in terms of who we eat? In other word

8、s, will our ethics start to catch up with the development of our science? Animal activists are already there, of course, committed to not eating these animals. But what about the rest of us? Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to make changes in who we eat?（1）Ac

9、cording to Annie Potts, hens have the ability of . A.interactionB.analysisC.creationD.abstraction（2）The research into pigs shows that pigs . A.learn letters quicklyB.have a good eyesightC.can build up a good relationshipD.can apply knowledge to new situations（3）Paragraph 4 is mainly about . A.the si

10、milarities between mammals and humansB.the necessity of long-term studies on mammalsC.a change in peoples attitudes towards animalsD.a discovery of how animals express themselves（4）What might be the best title for the passage? A.The Inner Lives of Food AnimalsB.The Lifestyles of Food AnimalsC.Scienc

11、e Reports on Food AnimalsD.A Revolution in Food Animals【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了动物也有情感有思想，有一定的分析推理能力。人类不应只将它们当作食物。(1)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons choose some times to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly lat

12、er (and better) one”可知，当解决问题时，母鸡们会推理：例如，受过挑选彩色纽扣的训练的母鸡们有时会选择放弃即时的食物奖励，换取稍晚一些(而且更好)的食物奖励。由此可知，母鸡们具备分析能力。故选B。(2)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, on

13、ly the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the Os. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimens

14、ional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.”可知，一些研究者拿着带X标记的木板，一些研究者拿着带O标记的木板，只有拿带O标记木板的研究者给猪提供食物，猪很快就只理会这些研究者了。当木板换成带X和O标记的衬衫时，猪仍然只走向那些穿带O标记衬衫的研究者。这表明猪将把知识转移到了二维的形式，这是一种相当大的推理壮举。故选D。(3)考查段落大意。根据第四段中的“At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and

15、 apes out-think and out-feel other animals.Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studieshelped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our soci

16、ety: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure kin laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.”可知，数十年前，作者坚信猴子和猩猩在思考能力和情感上都胜过其他的动物。很快，作者就意识到除了猴子和猩猩，鲸鱼也是文化学习的主人，大象也表现出高兴等情感。长期的研究也促进着我们社会观点的转变：我们不再认为猴子只能是

17、实验室里的实验对象，大象只能在马戏团里进行表演，海豚只能被养在主题公园狭小的池子里。很明显，本段介绍的是人们对动物看法的转变。故选C。(4)考查主旨大意。第一段提出：科学开始拥抱原来被我们认为是二等公民的动物们（即：我们对某些动物的看法正在发生变化）。第二和第三段以母鸡和猪为例告诉读者：通过科学研究，母鸡和猪也具备情感，也具备分析推理能力。第四段介绍了人们对动物看法的转变。第五和第六段呼吁读者：动物有自己的情感和思想，我们不要只将动物当成我们的食物。结合每段大意可知，该文主要是围绕动物也有情感有思想来展开的。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断。段落大意和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅

18、读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. The history of the world is but the biography (传记) of great men, argued Thomas Carlyle, the advocate of what has come to be known as the Great Man Theory of Hi

19、story. This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great individuals who had unique influence on their times. Whether or not Carlyles theory proves true is debatable, but that certain individuals cast long shadows is not. As one who is entr

20、usted with a leadership position, I find it profitable to read of others who have led. Wherever you find me, youll likely find a good biography nearby. Why is this the case? First, I find good biographies fascinating. Ill occasionally read a novel, but Ive never been overly drawn to fiction. I have

21、found myself unable to sleep while in the struggle of the Battle of Britain in William Manchesters The Last Lion. For me, not to read biographies would rob me of pleasure in my life. Second, I find good biographies informative. A good biographer tells not only the story of a person, but also of thei

22、r times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through an intellectual shopping mall. The first store is what drew you there, but you will be pleasantly surprised along the way at what other items grab your attention. Youll find no better account of the British Empire at its peak than the openi

23、ng chapters of Manchesters Visions of Glory, volume one of his The Last Lion. Strictly speaking, a biography is but a slice of history. Third, I find good biographies relaxing. Winston Churchill once noted a man who works with his hands should have a hobby that engages his mind, and a man who works

24、with his mind should have a hobby that engages his hands. Another way to apply Churchills saying is to combine technical, pen-in-hand vocational reading with leisurely biographical reading. Indeed, few things are more relaxing to me than winding down the evening and entering into another world. This

25、 is why I love reading good biographies, and why I pity the person who neglects them. Dont be counted among their number.（1）What is implied in the first paragraph? A.The author finds Carlyles theory undebatable.B.Carlyle believes great men alone cannot create history.C.It is debatable whether one sh

26、ould read great mens biographies.D.The author agrees that history is greatly influenced by certain men.（2）What does the underlined phrase other items in the third paragraph refer to? A.good biographiesB.stories of certain timesC.the volumes of The Last LionD.the chapters of the British Empire（3）Whic

27、h of the following statements is TRUE? A.The author considers biographical reading enjoyable.B.The author can travel to another world in the evening.C.The author has fought many battles during his lifetime.D.The author profits commercially by reading biographies.（4）What is the authors main purpose i

28、n writing the article? A.To analyze the benefits of vocational reading.B.To introduce to readers his unique reading strategies.C.To present great mens history through biography reading.D.To recommend biography reading through his own experiences.【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）A（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者阐述了喜欢读好的传记的原因

29、。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great individuals who had unique influence on their times可知，这一理论表明，更广泛的历史运动和轮廓都可以追溯到对其时代有独特影响的伟大人物的领导。所以通过第一段的关键词go back to，had unique influence on their times，判断出第一段暗示了作者同意历史受某

30、些人的影响很大。故选D。 （2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的A good biographer tells not only the story of a person, but also of their times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through an intellectual shopping mall. The first store is what drew you there, but you will be pleasantly surprised along the way at what other it

31、ems grab your attention. 可知，一个好的传记作家不仅讲述一个人的故事，而且还在讲述他们所处的时代。读一本好的传记就像漫步在一个充满智慧的购物中心。第一家商店吸引了你，但你会惊喜地发现，还有其它的商品吸引了你的注意力。所以作者把读好的传记比喻成购物，将历史人物和某个时期的历史故事比喻成商店的商品。故判断出第三段划线的other items指的是某个时期的故事。故选B。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的For me, not to read biographies would rob me of pleasure in my life以及第三段 Indeed, few things are more relaxing to me than winding down the evening and entering into another world.可知，对我来说，不读传记会剥夺我生活的乐趣。的确，没有什么事情比悠闲地度过夜晚，进入另一个世界更令我放松。所以作者认为传记阅读