首字母填空11综合篇1学生版.docx

1、首字母填空11综合篇1学生版Overview教学目标1. 通过探讨首字母填空的技巧和步骤明确和丰富学生的解题思路.2. 通过引领学生逐步透析综合视角的例篇,指导解题思路,让学生在实践中操练解题方法.教学重难点1. 细分解题步骤2. 拓展解题思路-注意词性的判断和瞻前顾后原则的运用教学安排一览事项时间12345Introduction-中考英语首字母填空解题技巧考点分析: 首字母填空一直是近些年来考试必考题型,主要呈现方式是给出一篇难易适中的短文，中间去掉7个单词，但给出这些单词的第一个字母，让考生根据短文的上下文的意思和所给的提示字母，填上所缺的单词。此题型在整卷中占相当大的分值,如果该部分失

2、分严重,会影响学生英语最终成绩.因此,要做好此题型要求考生要具备坚实的语法基础，要有理解文章大意和主旨的能力，牢固掌英语的习惯用法和固定搭配，熟记英语单词的拼写，熟练掌握首字母填空做题技巧,同时通过一定量专题练习,提高做题的正确率. 下面我们主要介绍一下做好首字母填空题的一些解法，技巧及解题过程：一：首字母填空最常用的四种解题法:1.总体把握:要通读首字母填空的短文，跳过空格快速阅读，了解全篇的主要内容。切不可把宝贵的时间浪费在个别字句推敲上。2.弄清体裁:文章体裁通常分为四种：论述文、记叙文、说明文和应用文。中考选文以叙事性文章为主，如：幽默故事、科普知识、简短新闻、名人轶事、社会热点问题等

3、。读这类文章，要大体上了解故事所涉及的时间、地点、人物、事件及前因后果。3.重视主题句:首字母填空所用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的主题句，往往在每段文章的首句，有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。主题句提供全篇的性质、大意等，这是深入了解全文的“窗口”，甚至能以语句为立足点，从该句的时态、语气推测全文的主要内容。4.语境联想:利用上下文的提示，用学过的知识和已有的生活经验，扫清部分词汇理解上的障碍。二：首字母填空三种解题技巧：1.词语搭配(1)从语法角度来说，句子不是词的序列，而是词组的序列。(2)因搭配关系而产生的一般性词汇。如：see a film(3)词序和意义皆以固定的复合词和动词短语。如

4、：catch up with(紧跟上)。(4)因词组而构成的常见的句式：Its+形容词+(for sb.)+不定式，在搭配判断时，注意：要区别外形相近而意义不同的搭配。如：look for, look over, look out, look after, look up等。要区别形不相似而意义相近的搭配。如：I paid 12 pounds for the dictionary. The book cost me a lot. It took three hours to get there.句中都有“付出、花费、需要”的意思。译成汉语时似乎相通。但更要注意它们之间的搭配变化；要注意单个词组

5、的多义性。如：take off有“脱下(衣服)，(飞机)起飞，匆匆离开，取下，休假等多种含意。2.语法时态判定(1)要注意出现频率较高的词类题，依次为动词、介词、代词、连词、形容词、副词。填写各类词时，要注意以下几个方面： a. 名词的填写 b.动词的填写c.介词的填写d.代词的填写e.连词的填写f.形容词和副词的填写(2)要注意句法题，搞清句子的种类、类型、省略和倒装a.句子的种类包括陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。一般以考查疑问句、感叹句的词序为多见，其次是祈使句的零时态等。b.句子的类型有简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句。中考考查要点是在复合句里的状语从句、宾语从句和直接/间接引语，也

6、考查简单的定语从句。c.句子的省略与倒装很少考查，却要看懂，不能引起对文章的曲解。(3)在语法适用方面，可以用择优法和排除法 a.择优法是把含有该首字母的各选项代入短文中，选出在词义上符合要求，且在语法上又没有语病的答案。 b.排除法是在代入选项时如发现选项单词意义不对，或词性不妥，或存在语法错误，或与上下文有矛盾，则迅速排除不合适的选项，剩下的就是正确答案。3. 例举对比。首字母填空的多项选择中，常常会遇到想到意思却写不出所给首字母的题目。需要调动头脑里的知识“储备”，例举熟知的语言现象与之相比较，再写出正确的答案。三：首字母填空的一般的解题过程是：1.通读全文，掌握大意。结合选项初步弄清短

7、文写了些什么内容。2.瞻前顾后，分析先行。3.反复推敲，攻克难关。如果做不出来的话，可能要改变一下思路。本着先易后难的原则，在第二遍阅读文章时先根据上下文和自己的语感，推测部分空格的可能答案。4.验证答案，修正错误，着重注意这几点：(1)文章是否顺畅；(2)所填单词是否是最佳单词；(3)所填单词的词性是否符合句子的基本结构,单词是否有拼写错误。（4）所填动词是不是符合所需时态和语态。最后须提醒大家一点，做好首字母填空题并非一日之功。我们应从平日学习中做起，多积累，勤学苦练，方可成功！Have a greater success in the future！下面我们主要以人物轶事类型的文章来介绍

8、详细首字母的解题方法：Presentation-首字母填空（综合篇）Step 1通读文章，了解每段大意及文章的主要内容。段落大意When Mary Smith was a student, she wanted to be a teacher, b_ she liked children. When she was twenty, she began t _ in a small school. She was a good teacher, and she laughed a lot with the children in her class. They e_ her teaching.介

9、绍主人公MARY成为一个教师的原因以及其做教师很受欢迎One day one of the g_ in her class said to her, “Miss Smith, w_ does a mans hair become gray before his beard (胡子) does?”一天她的一个学生提出观点,为什么头发比胡子先变灰Mary laughed and laughed, “I dont know. Helen, do you know?”主人公说不知道“I dont know, e_, Miss Smith.” said Helen, “but it h_ to my f

10、ather.” The o_ children in the class laughed when they heard this.另个学生表示也不知道,Then a boy said , “I know, Miss Smith! A mans hair becomes gray f_ because its sixteen years o_ than his beard.”突然有男孩说 之所以头发先变灰是因为头发比胡子老16岁文章大意： _Step 2 瞻前顾后，扫清“阅读障碍”文章解析When Mary Smith was a student, she wanted to be a tea

11、cher, b_1_ she liked children.1.根据对前后文意思的瞻前顾后推断此处需填的是一个表原因的连词，b开头的显然是becauseWhen she was twenty, she began t _2_ in a small school. 2.begin 后接doing形式,根据后文in a small school判断此处所填意思应为教书，所以此处为teachingShe was a good teacher, and she laughed a lot with the children in her class. They e_3_ her teaching.3.

12、横线后面的her teaching是句子宾语,根据句子成分判断此处应为一个谓语动词,根据前句描述她是个好老师，在她班上她经常跟她的孩子一起欢笑，那么此空格所表达的应为孩子们对她的喜爱，e开头的可以用enjoy表示对她教学的享受和喜欢.One day one of the g_4_ in her class said to her,4.通过空格前one of the 推断出此处需用复数,由空格后的in her class said to her推断出空格表示的应为她班级中成员,g开头可以想到的便是girls“Miss Smith, w_5_ does a mans hair become gra

13、y before his beard (胡子) does?”5.此处问句问得是为什么男人的头发灰白的比胡子早,为什么便是whyMary laughed and laughed, “I dont know. Helen, do you know?” “I dont know, e_6_, Miss Smith.” said Helen,6.从上句的I dont know, Helen 看出此处的表示“也不”的应用noteither.“but it h_7_ to my father.”7.此处从句子成分判断出应为谓语动词，从意思推断应为”发生”,注意陈述已发生的事情用过去时happened.Th

14、e o_8_ children in the class laughed when they heard this.8.此处表示其它的孩子用the otherThen a boy said , “I know, Miss Smith! A mans hair becomes gray f_9_ 9.根据前文提及的头发比胡子先灰白得意思可以推断此处为首先first。because its sixteen years o_10_ than his beard.”10.此处根据空格后的than推断此处应为形容词的比较级,根据前面的16years推断此处应为older. Step 3 验证答案，修正错

15、误。注意名词单复数，动词时态，拼写等细节。还需要关注所填词语是否和上下文的意思连贯。because, teaching, enjoyed, girls, why, either, happened, other, first, olderStep 4 回顾总结（带着学生再看一遍解题思路）：从本篇首字母讲解中，我们可以看到，几乎每一个空都需要联系上下文，因此读懂文章，理解大意是很重要的一步！除此之外，我们还需要从固定搭配、语法等角度多方面去考虑。Step 5 老师可以针对文章中出现的语法或词汇等帮助学生归纳总结，以使学生摆脱就题做题的习惯，形成良好的阅读习惯，提升能力！Focused Pract

16、ice-首字母填空（综合篇）Step 1通读文章，了解每段大意及文章的主要内容。段落大意The school was cross the street from our home and I would often watch the kids when they played. She seemed so small when she pushed her way t_1_ the crowd of boys on the playground. She would practice dribbling(运球) and shooting alone over and over again.

17、One day I asked her w_2_ she practiced so much. She said without hesitation, “I want to go to college. I am going to play college basketball to get a scholarship(奖学金). I want to be better. My dad told me if the dream is big enough, the facts dont count.” But one day, I saw her sitting in the grass,

18、head buried in her arms. I walked toward her and asked what was the matter. “Oh, nothing. I am just too s_3_.” The coach told her that at her height she should probably never get to play for a top team, so she s_4_stop dreaming about college.主人公小时候就勤学苦练篮球，作者问其为何要如此勤学苦练，她毫不犹豫地回答说想以此在大学里获得奖学金，她父亲告诉她实现

19、梦想要足够坚实才能成真。但是有一天作者看到她沮丧的坐在草地里，问她缘由，她说因为她的身高问题不能继续她的梦想。She was heartbroken and I sensed（感觉） her d_5_. I asked her if she had talked to her dad. She told me that her father said those coaches were wrong. They just did not believe the power of a dream. He told her if she really wanted to play for a go

20、od college, n_6_ could stop her except one thing-her own attitude. He told her again, “If the dream is big enough, the facts dont count.”作者感到她很伤心，她说他父亲鼓励他说一切在她自己的态度，如果梦想足够坚定的话什么都不能阻止她。The next year, as she and her team went to a game, she was seen by a college recruiter（招聘人员）. She was indeed offered

21、 a scholarship. She was going to get the college education that she had d_7_ of and worked toward it for all those years.第二年，她被一个大学的招聘人员相中，真的得到了奖学金，她终于实现了她的梦想。文章大意：_Step 2 瞻前顾后，扫清“阅读障碍”文章解析The school was cross the street from our home and I would often watch the kids when they played. She seemed so

22、small when she pushed her way t_1_ the crowd of boys on the playground1.此处由句子成分可以看出是要填一个介词,从后文的the crowd of 可以看出要穿过一群人是要从立体上的空间中穿过去，故用through,平面上穿过用acrossover and over again. One day I asked her w_2_ she practiced so much. She said without hesitation, “I want to go to college. I am going to play col

23、lege basketball to get a scholarship(奖学金). I want to be better. My dad told me if the dream is big enough, the facts dont count.” 2.此处根据前面的asked可以看出要填的是一个疑问词,根据意思可以推测出要填的意思是为什么,故为whyBut one day, I saw her sitting in the grass, head buried in her arms. I walked toward her and asked what was the matte

24、r. “Oh, nothing. I am just too s_3_.”3.此处根据后文The coach told her that at her height she should probably never get to play for a top team,意思可以知道教练拒绝她的理由是height身高,又因为too是太而不能的意思,所以判断为short.The coach told her that at her height she should probably never get to play for a top team, so she s_4_stop dreami

25、ng about college.4.此处根据句子成份可以看出不缺主要成分,后面的动词stop前可用情态动词补充含义,s开头的情态动词可以想到的便是shouldShe was heartbroken and I sensed（感觉） her d_5_.5.此处根据前面的heartbroken可以看出的是她的内心感受是伤心失望,形容词性物主代词后接的是名词d开头表示失望的名词可以想到的是disappointmentHe told her if she really wanted to play for a good college, n_6_ could stop her except one

26、thing-her own attitude. He told her again, “If the dream is big enough, the facts dont count.”6.此处根据前文可以看出父亲的话语都是鼓励其坚持梦想,又看except one thing,可联想到得意思是没有什么能够阻止追梦除了故填nothingThe next year, as she and her team went to a game, she was seen by a college recruiter（招聘人员）. She was indeed offered a scholarship.

27、 She was going to get the college education that she had d_7_ of and worked toward it for all those years.7.此处是that引导的一个定语从句,由根据时态和空格前的had判断出此处是一个过去完成时，空格要填的是一个动词的过去分词，在文中之前提到的最多的是梦想,又据空格后的of可看出是词组dreamed ofStep 3 验证答案，修正错误。注意名词单复数，动词时态，拼写等细节。还需要关注所填词语是否和上下文的意思连贯。Step 4 回顾总结做题思路！Step 5 看看从文中能够学到哪些漂亮

28、的词、有用的词组搭配或句子。Focused Practice-首字母填空（综合篇）(1) ()The earth moves round the s_1_. When our part of the earth turns to the sun, it is d_2_.When our part of the earth turns a_3_from the sun, it is night.The sun is much bigger than the moon. But sometimes the moon looks bigger than the sun, because it is

29、much n_4_to the earth.The sun is very bright. It gives very strong l_5_. The moon looks quite bright, but it d_6_give any light at all. The light from the moon comes f_7_the sun.The moon looks much bigger and brighter t_8_the stars. But in fact the stars are a lot bigger and brighter than the m_9_.

30、They look smaller than the moon because they are f_10_away from the earth.(2) ()In my spare time, I paint designs on T-shirts. I got the idea two years a_1_ for my brothers birthday present. The shop wanted $ 20 for a special design o_2_ a T-shirt, so I decided to do it m_3_. I bought a white cotton T-shirt f_4_ $6 and some paints, and I painted a lion on the front. My brother loved it!Painting T-shirts is great fun. You n_5_ be a great artist, you