题型组合训练四解析卷高考英语考前特训.docx

1、题型组合训练四解析卷高考英语考前特训考前第11天 题型组合训练（四）限时45分钟【阅读理解】A（2021河北衡水市衡水中学高三二模） A shocking 53.6 million tons of electronic waste were discarded（丢弃）last year, a new UN-backed report has revealed. The report shows that e-waste is up 21%from five years ago. This isnt surprising, considering how many more people are

2、 adopting new technology and updating devices regularly to have the latest versions, but the report also shows that national collection and recycling strategies are nowhere close to matching consumption rates. E-waste contains materials including copper（铜）, iron, gold and silver, which the report gi

3、ves a conservative value of $ 57 billion. But most are thrown away or burned rather than being collected for recycling. Precious metals in waste are estimated to be worth $ 14 billion, but only $4 billion-worth is recovered at the moment. While the number of countries with national e-waste policies

4、has grown from 61 to 78 since 2014, there is little encouragement to obey and a mere 17% of collected items are recycled. If recycling does occur, its often under dangerous conditions, such as burning circuit boards to recover copper, which releases highly poisonous metals and harms the health of wo

5、rkers.The report found that Asia has the highest amounts of waste overall, producing 24.9 million metric tons (MMT), followed by Europe at 12 MMT, Africa at 2.9 MMT, and Oceania at 0.7 MMT.But whose responsibility is it? Are governments in charge of setting up collection and recycling points, or sho

6、uld companies be responsible for recycling the goods they produce? It goes both ways. Companies do need to be held accountable by government regulations and have incentives to design products that are easily repaired. At the same time, governments need to make it easy for citizens to access collecti

7、on points and deal with their broken electronics in a convenient way. Otherwise, they may turn to the easiest option-the landfill.1What can we learn from the first paragraph?AWhat e-waste refers to. BWhere e-waste is collected.CWhy e-waste is increasing rapidly. DHow many kinds e-waste includes.2Wha

8、t do the statistics in paragraph 2 show?AThe functions of policies. BThe great damage to environment.CThe change of consumption rates. DThe urgency of recovering e-waste.3What is the problem with recycling e-waste at present? AIt does harm to the workers health. BIt lacks national policy support.CIt

9、 hardly makes profits. DIt takes too much time.4How should the problem be solved according to the passage?ANew technology should be used to update old devices.BGovernments and companies should take responsibilities.CNon-poisonous metals had better be used in e-device.DCitizens must play a key role i

10、n recycling e-waste.【答案】1C 2D 3A 4B【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电子垃圾的回收问题。【详解】1.推理判断题。由第一段最后一句“This isnt surprising, considering how many more people are adopting new technology and updating devices regularly to have the latest versions, but the report also shows that national collection and recycling strategie

11、s are nowhere close to matching consumption rates.”（这并不奇怪，考虑到有多少人正在采用新技术和定期更新设备以获得最新版本，但报告还显示，国家收集和回收战略远远不能达到与消费率相匹配的水平。）可知，越来越多的人使用电子产品，且电子产品的回收策略与消费速率不匹配，这就导致了电子垃圾的数量飞速增长。选项C与文意一致，故选C。2.推理判断题。根据第二段“E-waste contains materials including copper（铜）, iron, gold and silver, which the report gives a cons

12、ervative value of $ 57 billion. But most are thrown away or burned rather than being collected for recycling. Precious metals in waste are estimated to be worth $ 14 billion, but only $4 billion-worth is recovered at the moment.”（电子垃圾含有铜、铁、金和银等物质，报告给出的保守价值为570亿美元。但是大多数都被扔掉或者烧掉了，而不是被收集起来再循环利用。废物中的贵金属

13、估计价值140亿美元，但目前只回收了价值40亿美元的贵金属。）通过数字对比可知，目前电子垃圾中有用材料的回收利用率还很低，浪费严重。所以第2段的统计数字显示了回收电子垃圾的紧迫性，故选D。3.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“ If recycling does occur, its often under dangerous conditions, such as burning circuit boards to recover copper, which releases highly poisonous metals and harms the health of workers.”（如

14、果循环利用真的发生了，这个过程通常是在危险的条件下进行的，比如燃烧电路板回收铜，这会释放出剧毒金属，危害工人的健康。）可知，在电子产品的回收过程中会产生有害物质危害工人的健康。选项A与文意一致，故选A。4.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Are governments in charge of setting up collection and recycling points, or should companies be responsible for recycling the goods they produce? It goes both ways.”（是政府负责设立回收点，还是公司负责

15、回收他们生产的产品？两种方法都要用。）可知，政府和公司都应该承担责任，故选B。B（2021湖南长沙市雅礼中学高三一模） The worlds first hydrogen-powered trains have begun running in Germany. They began carrying passengers Monday in Germanys northern Lower Saxony state. The new train will run 100-kilometer trips and can travel up to 140 kilometers an hour.A

16、French railroad company called Alstom built the two trains. Team in Germany and France cooperated on the project, which was supported by the German government. The new train model ,called the Coradia ilint, signals the beginning of efforts in Germany and other nations to move away from pollution-pro

17、ducing diesel(柴油) trains.The Coradia iLint is designed to run on non-electrified train lines with low levels of noise.It uses a process that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electrical power. If the system produces more energy than the train needs at that time, it can store the extra energy i

18、n batteries. The only emissions (排放物) are water and steam.A single tank of hydrogen can run a Coradia iLint train for about 1,000 kilometers. This is very similar to the distance a diesel-powered train can run on with a single tank.Hydrogen-powered trains cost more than diesel trains to build. But A

19、lstom officials say the operating costs are much lower. The company plans to provide another 14 Coradia iLint trains to Lower Saxony by 2021.The head of railroad operations in the area, Carmen Schwab, praised replacing diesel trains with hydrogen. She said the move was an important first step in usi

20、ng clean-burning technologies to reach climate protection goals.Officials say the areas many wind turbines (涡轮机)will produce part of the energy to create the hydrogen to power the trains.Alstom says several other European countries have also expressed interest in developing hydrogen train systems. F

21、rance has already said it wants its first hydrogen train to be operating by 2022.5Why did Germany build the new trains?ATo replace diesel trains. BTo carry more passengers.CTo make traveling much easier. DTo develop friendship with France.6What is one advantage of the Coradia iLint?AIt runs without

22、making any noise. BIt doesnt use electrical power.CIt costs much less to run. DIt is cheaper to make it.7It can be concluded that hydrogen trains_.Aare widely used Bare environmentally friendlyCcan stop air pollution Dcan produce water and oxygen8What might be the best title for the text?ASaving Nat

23、ural Resources BEfforts to Reduce EmissionsCWorlds First Hydrogen Trains DA New Way to Make Electricity【答案】5A 6C 7B 8C【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新型的氢动力火车。5细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The new train model ,called the Coradia ilint, signals the beginning of efforts in Germany and other nations to move away from pollution-pro

24、ducing diesel(柴油) trains.（这种名为Coradia ilint的新型火车标志着德国和其他国家开始努力摆脱污染排放的柴油火车。）”可知，建造新型火车的目的是取代产生污染的柴油列车, 故选A。6细节理解题。根据第六段中的But Alstom officials say the operating costs are much lower.（但阿尔斯通管理人士表示，运营成本要低得多。）可知，氢动力火车的运行成本比较低，故选C。7细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句The only emissions (排放物) are water and steam.（唯一的排放物是水和蒸汽。）可

25、知，新的氢动力火车其唯一的排放物是水和蒸汽，所以是环保的，故选B。8主旨大意题。根据文章第一段The worlds first hydrogen-powered trains have begun running in Germany. They began carrying passengers Monday in Germanys northern Lower Saxony state. The new train will run 100-kilometer trips and can travel up to 140 kilometers an hour.（世界上第一辆氢动力火车在德国

26、开始运行。他们星期一开始在德国北部的下萨克森州运送乘客。新列车将运行100公里，最高时速可达140公里。）一句本文主要介绍的是世界上第一辆新型的氢动力火车的研制及其特点，故选C。【完形填空】（2021四川达州市高三一模） Four years ago Rita Gaviola was a beggar in a small Philippine town. Now she works as a fashion 9 ， starring on TV shows and 10 many Instagram followers. It all started with a (n) 11 photo.

27、Back in 2016, she was 12 on the streets of Lucban. Her father was a garbage collector and her mother a housewife. The family 13 managed to put food on the table, so Rita often went out to ask for 14 or food donations.One day a photographer Topher Burgos happened to be attracted by her 15 beauty. He

28、changed the girls 16 completely by posting the photos of her on the Internet, optionally with a single 17 click of the upload button.One of the photos became a hit immediately, with people praising her 18 of nature. She was nicknamed “Badjao Girl and 19 several Filipino beauty queens, who did their

29、best to help the girl 20 . Then she began to model for various clothing brands and 21 small roles in TV series. All the hype (炒作) around Badjao Girl also helped her 22 an online audience, including 23 from abroad, some of whom helped her family financially. In 2018, Rita 24 a YouTube video showcasin

30、g her familys new house and thanking a loyal US fan for 25 the construction.Even though the hype has 26 , she remains very popular on Filipino social media through her own efforts. Rita is seen as proof that Cinderella-like stories are 27 in real-life. In Ritas case, all it took was a photo and her

31、28 in the right place, at the right time.9Aseller Bdesigner Cmodel Dguide10Agains Bhandles Cresembles Dchallenges11Aold Brandom Cbig Dspecial12Arunning Bsinging Cplaying Dbegging13Abarely Bnearly Cfinally Dregularly14Aattention Badvice Cmoney Dwork15Aartificial Bnatural Cpotential Dclassic16Aname Bl

32、ife Cidentity Dfigure17Acautious Blong Csilent Dlight18Alove Bvirtue Cbeauty Dsense19Aattracted Bcheated Ccalled Dvisited20Aon the Internet Bout of poverty Caway from home Dwith her education21Acreated Bpracticed Cserved Dplayed22Ajoin Btrain Cbuild Dorganize23Afans Bstars Ctourists Dbosses24Arecorded Bwatched Creceived Dpost