决胜中考英语压轴题揭秘专题10动词的时态.docx

1、决胜中考英语压轴题揭秘专题10动词的时态备战2015中考系列：英语2年中考1年模拟专题10 动词的时态解读考点动词的时态动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。直击考点初中英语需要掌握的8种时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时一般将来时和过去将来时。 1.一般现在时的基本用法 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语： every, sometimes, at, on

2、 Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I dont want so mu

3、ch. 5) 某些动词如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等，在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。 The train comes at 3 oclock. 6) 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。 Ill help you as soon as you have problem. Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him. 判断标志：always=all the time，often，usually， every day(we

4、ek, month, year, spring,Saturday) sometimes=at times= from time to time, at seven(six)，seldom, never, in the morning( afternoon、 evening,) on Sunday(Monday，Tuesday) once a year(month，week) three times a day twice a day, all the year around=all over the year, all day and all night, in the day=in the

5、day time, at night 2.一般过去时的用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。 I worked in that factory last year. 【注意】 1) 过去经常反复发生的动作，也可用used to或would加动词原形来表达，例 如： I used to go fishing on Sundays. 2) “used to”也可用于表示过去曾经存在

6、过的状态。例如：This river used to be clean. 判断标志: 过去时间状语或过去经常性的时间状语.如：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last night(week, month, year, spring) an hour /three years ago, once, once upon a time=long, long ago, 5 days later, the other day、 in 1988、 before liberation, just now， 以及由when, before, after, until等

7、引导的状语从句表示过去的时间状语。 3.一般将来时的用法 1）表示将来的动作或状态。例如：I shall attend the meeting tomorrow. 2）表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如： He will go to see his mother every Saturdays. 3）表示将来的意愿，决心，许诺， 命令等时常用will，征求对方意见，主语 是第一人称时，常用shall。 I will do my best to catch up with them. Shall I open the door? 4）be + going + 动词不定式。也是一种将来时句型

8、，表示打算，计划，最近 或将来要作的某事。 I am going to Beijing next week. 5）be + 动词不定式(to do)。表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。 There is to be a meeting this afternoon. We are to meet the guests at the station. 6）be about + 动词不定式(to do)，表示即将作某事。 They are about to leave. 判断标志：将来的时间状语如tomorrow, next week(month， year，spring, summer, a

9、utumn, winter, Monday), the day after tomorrow， in the future, soon, some day=one day等。 4.现在进行时的用法 构成：助动词 am/is /are +现在分词. 1) 现在进行时的用法表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作， 它注重 现在正在进行的动作，而不管动作从什么时间开始，到什么时间结束。 What are you doing now? I am looking for my key. 2) 现在进行时表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作（但说话时这个动作不一 定在进行）。 The students are

10、 preparing for the examination. 3) 某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有 arrive, come, leave, start等。 They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow. 【注意】有些动词一般不可以用于进行时态表示状态的动词，尤其是静态动词，如：be, have 表示认识、知觉和情感的动词，如：know, think, hear, find, see, like, want, wish, prefer等。 判断标志：常与now, these days，at the moment, Its 7:11 now.

11、 连用或通过上下文如： look, listen, 等词来暗示 5.现在完成时的用法 构成：have (has)+ 过去分词. 1) 现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作。 I have bought a ten-speed bicycle. They have cleaned the classroom. 2) 现在完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或者还有可能持续下去的动 作或状态。 现在完成时常与for 和 since 引导的短语或从句连用。 We have lived here since 1976. They have waited for more than two h

12、ours. 【注意】 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。 试比较： I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在） have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） 判断标志：these days., already, yet., ever, never, in the past last few years, in the past 20 years, so

13、far = up till now, once, many times, recently, for +时间段, s ince+时间点, before， how long连用。不能与过去的时间连用。 6.过去进行时的用法 构成：助动词was, (were)+现在分词。 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的状态或动作。例如： I was watching TV when she came to see me. 【注意】 过去进行时和一般过去时都是过去发生的事情，但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态，强调动作的连续进行，而一般过去时则表示单纯的过去事实，例如： They were bu

14、ilding a house last month. （上个月正在建造，建造好与否不知） They built a new house last month. （上个月建造好了，动作已经完成） 判断标志：（常与表示过去某一时刻的时间状语连用，如：this time yesterday. at seven yesterday evening.或由when while等引起的状语从句。 7.过去完成时的用法 构成：助动词had+ 过去分词. 过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或所处的状态，过去完成时常和 by , before 等词组成的短语和从句连用。 We had alread

15、y learned two thousands words by the end of last year. When we arrived at the station, they had waited for more than twenty minutes. 判断标志：by the end of last month, by the end of last year, by nine oclock,等时间 8.过去将来时的用法 由would +动原构成或was(were) going to+动原 构成。过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在地状态，过去将来时较多地被运用在宾语

16、从句中。 例如： They were going to have a meeting. I told him that I would see him off at the station. 判断标志：the next week, the next year连用2年中考2013年题组1【2013湖北襄阳】 Show me your homework, Dave?Sorry, Mrs. Brown. Ive it at home.A. missed B. forgotten C. lost D. left2【2013湖北随州】33. How does Jack usually go to wor

17、k?He _ drive a car, but now he _ there to lose weight.A. used to; is used to walk B. was used to; is used to walkingC. was used to; is used to walk D. used to; is used to walking3【2013江苏常州】Why are you worried? Im expecting a call from my daughter. She New for three days.A. has gone to B. has been to

18、 C. has been in D. has come in 428. Look at these stamps. I them for five years. Wow, they are wonderful. A. kept B. have kept C. have bought 5.【2013湖北孝感】36. Id like you to tell me something about Shen Nongjia. Im sorry, but neither Jack nor I _ there. A. have been B. had been C. have gone D. has go

19、ne 6.【2013浙江杭州】22. Sally took a photo of her friends while they _ computer games. A. play B. are playing C. have played D. were playing 2014年题组1.【2014年湖北省咸宁市中考】 I called you yesterday evening, but nobody answered. Oh, _ at that time.A. Im cooking B. I cooked C. I cook D. I was cooking2【2014年安徽省中考】Mr

20、. Wang has left for Guangzhou. He _ a speech there in two days.A. gives B. gave C. will give D. has given3.【2014年安徽省中考】 As we all know, the Silk Road _ China to the west in ancient times.A. connects B. connected C. will connect D. is connecting4.【2014年贵州省安顺市中考】 I tennis with my cousin every day when

21、 I was in America.A. play B. played C. had played D. has played5.【2014年贵州省贵阳市中考】 Well have a picnic if it tomorrow.” Have a nice day A. wont rain B. will rain C. doesnt rain6.【2014年贵州省贵阳市中考】Our teachers are very friendly to us. We _ friends since three years ago. A. have been B. have become C. would

22、 be7.【2014年贵州省铜仁市中考】We _ for a picnic if it _ rain this Sunday. A. go, doesnt B. will go, wont C. will go, doesnt D. go, wont8.【2014年河北省中考】 Someone _ at the door. Can you open it? A. knocks B. knocked C. is knocking D. was knocking 9.【2014年河北省中考】The teacher is already standing here. Do you know when

23、 she _? A. comes B. came C. is coming D. was coming 10.【2014年黑龙江省龙东地区中考】 How time flies! Three years _since I _ you last time.A. have passed; met B. has passed; met C. passed; have met考点归纳动词的基本形式：英语动词有四种基本形式：动词原形，过去式，过去分词和现在分词。这四种动词形式和助动词一起构成动词的时态，语态和语气。1) 动词的原形。就是词典中所给的形式。例如：be, have, buy, sit.2) 动

24、词过去式和过去分词的构成有规则的和不规则的两种形式。规则动词的过去式和过去分词，由在原形动词的后面加词尾 -ed 构成。例如：work - worked - worked. 不规则动词的过去式和过去分词的形式是不规则的，须要一一记忆。 例如：go - went - gone, do - did - done.3) 动词的现在分词由动词原形加 -ing 构成。构成方法如下：a）一般情况在动词原形后加 -ing 。例如：go-going stand-standingb）以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，去掉 e ，再加 -ing. 动词是闭音节的单音节词，或是以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词，而末尾只有一辅音

25、字母时，这个辅音字母须双写，然后再加 ing。例如：arrive- arrivingget- getting.c）少数几个以 -ie 结尾的动词，须将 ie 变成 y ，再加 ing. 例如：die-dying lie-lying。4. 动词的时态英语动词的时态是一种动词的形式。不同的动词时态用以表示不同的时间和方式。共有十六种时态。一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时十六种时态的谓

26、语形式一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing过去将来 should/would do should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have bee

27、n doing易错易混1) 表时刻表的情况下，一般现在时代替将来时态用;The plane takes off at 10p.m.2) 主将从现 符合的原则是：if条件句，时间状语从句，方式状语从句和让步状语从句。如：If he comes, Ill let you know.He will be happy when I tell him.Next time Ill do as you say.Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will take place.3) be to do 表示有责任、有义务做某事be about to do 表示

28、正要做某事I was about to leave when the telephone rang.be going to do 表示有计划性、准备做某事will do 一般情况下使用4)现在进行时注意以下情况:1) 和always, constantly, forever, continually连用表示说话人的感情色彩，责备，埋怨等;He is always thinking of others.He is always making the same mistake.2) 强调情况的暂时性;He is walking to school because his bike is being

29、 repaired.5). 一般将来时注意以下三点。1) 表倾向，习惯性动作。意为会，不能，没法;We will die sooner or later. The medicine wont help.2) 表推测The man in the middle will be visiting president.3) 表容量The hall will seat 500 people.6)现在完成时的适用范围。1) 过去动作对现在的影响和结果;Ive already finished my homework, so I can leave now.2) 过去开始持续到现在;Great change

30、s have taken place in China in the past five years.7). 过去完成时注意两点。1) 它是和一般过去时对应存在的，没有一般过去时，就不存在过去完成时。His family hadnt heard from him for six months until he came home.2) 用在no soonerthan, scarcelywhen, hardlywhen,等句型中。No sooner had I seen him than I told him.8.下列 that从句用完成时：(注意：主句用is，从句用have/has+过去分词

31、;主句用was 从句用had+过去分词)1.It/This/That is the first/second/last time that 如：This is the first time that I have been in Beijing.2.It/This/That is the onlythat 如：That is the only book that I have really enjoyed in my life.3.It/This/That is the + 最高级thatIt is one of the most interesting book that I have ever read.4.It is/ has beensinceIt is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。)解题技能根据试题统计，动词语法