精品推荐考研英语真题及解析.docx

1、精品推荐考研英语真题及解析 2008 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D onANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses tha

2、t dare notspeak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who worksindependently3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4thought to have a bacterialcause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was fir

3、st suggested.5he, however, might tremble at the 6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he ispublishing a paper which not only 7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explainsthe process that has brought this about. The group in 8are a particu

4、larpeople originated from central Europe. Theprocess is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to theintellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renownedscientists

5、, 13 . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such asbreast cancer. These facts, 14 , have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 to social effects,such as a strong tradition of 16 education. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 of geneti

6、c isolation. Dr. Cochransuggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately 18 . His argument is that the unusual history of thesepeople has19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs.123456789111111.A selected.A unique.A ofB preparedB particularB w

7、ithC obligedC specialC inD pleasedD rareD againstD lately.A subsequently B presentlyC previouslyC Even.A OnlyB SoD HenceD risk.A thought.A advises.A progress.A attaining0.A normalB sightC costB suggestsB factC protestsC needD objectsD questionD calculatingD totalB scoringB commonC reachingC mean1.A

8、unconsciouslyB disproportionatelyC indefinitelyD unaccountably2.A missions3.A affirmB fortunesB witnessB thereforeB got overC interestsC observeC howeverC carried onD careersD approveD meanwhileD put down4.A moreover5.A given up1 111126.A assessingB supervisingC administering D valuingC consequence

9、D instrument7.A development B origin8.A linkedB integratedB subjectedC wovenD combinedD directed9.A limited0.A paradoxicalC convertedB incompatible C inevitableD continuousSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing

10、 A, B, C or D. Mark youranswers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least oneundesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders inresponse to stress

11、 compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New Yorks VeteransAdministration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causingfemales under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the

12、 same conditions. Inseveral of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed,their chemical responsesbecame equal to those of the males.Adding to a womans increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “Its no

13、tnecessarily that women dont cope as well. Its just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda.“Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than mens,” she observes, “its just that theyre dealingwith so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and

14、sooner.”Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposedto tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men areexposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interper

15、sonal violence that women are exposedto tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to beone-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to

16、 a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot toget the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get aheadand do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “Its the hardest thing to take care of ateen

17、ager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt.I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today arecoping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarezs experi

18、ence demonstrates theimportance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?2 A Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.B Women are still suffering much stress caused

19、by men.C Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.D Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.22. Dr. Yehudas research suggests that women .A need extra doses of chemicals to handle stressB have limited capacity for tolerating stressC are more capable of avoid

20、ing stressD are exposed to more stress23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be .A domestic and temporaryB irregular and violentC durable and frequentD trivial and random24. The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” (Line 5, Para. 5) shows that .A Alvarez cared abou

21、t nothing but making moneyB Alvarezs salary barely covered her household expensesC Alvarez got paychecks from different jobsD Alvarez paid practically everything by check25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A Strain of Stress: No Way Out?B Response to Stress: Gender Differ

22、enceC Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say?D Gender Inequality: Women Under StressText 2It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit theresults of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors names and affiliati

23、ons fromthe paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept thepaper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seekingknowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer.

24、The Internetand pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishersare making money fromgovernmentfunded research by restricting access to itis making access to scientificresults a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a

25、reportdescribing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University inAustralia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made3 handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until n

26、ow, been a key element ofscientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon widedistribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated atbetween $7 billion and $11 billion. T

27、he International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publisherssays that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 7

28、5% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirelynew business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the reports authors. There is theso-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles throughsite-licensing agreements. There i

29、s open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (orhisemployer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations suchas universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybr

30、idsof these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first sixmonths, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditionalform of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.26. In the first paragraph, the author discusses .A the background information of journal editingB the publication routine of laboratory reportsC the relations of authors with journal publishersD the traditional process of journal publication27. Which of the following is true o