高三英语一轮总复习专题12EnglisharoundtheWorld.docx

1、高三英语一轮总复习专题12EnglisharoundtheWorld专题 English around the World【学以致用】一、重点词汇细解1. native adj. 本国的；本地的；与生俱来的n.本地人；本国人；本地的动物或植物（教材原句）Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。Are you a native here, or just a visitor你是

2、本地人，还是只是名游客Tom is a native Englishman.汤姆是个土生土长的英国人。be native to sw. 原产于某地ones native country/land/ language 本国，祖国；故乡；母语native place 出生地be a native of sw. 当地人/产于的动/植物 （1）The giant panda is China.大熊猫原产于中国。（2）He read a poem in his .他用母语朗读了一首诗。（3）The kangaroo is Australia.袋鼠是澳大利亚的本土动物。 2 base vt.以为根据 n.

3、基部；基地；基础（教材原句）It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天说的英语不是。base on/upon 把建立在的基础上be based on/upon 以为基础/依据The teacher based the book on his own school life.那位教师根据他自己的校园生活写了这本书。She used her familys history as a base for her novel.她以她的家族史作为小说的素材。 （1）One sh

4、ould always .一个人应该始终以事实为依据来发表自己的观点。（2）The report .这篇报道完全属实。 3. present n.现在，目前；礼物（相当于gift）；adj.现存的，当前的（一般无比较级和最高级）；出席的，在场的；vt.把.交给；颁发（教材原句）It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天说的英语不是。for the present暂时in the present现在，目前at present=at the present time 目

5、前，现在be present at 出席 其反义词组为：be absent from （缺席）。present sth. to sb. 把某物交给某人 present sb. with sth. 把某物送给某人 present sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人【名师点津】present作形容词时，位置不同，意义迥异；作前置定语时，意为“现在的，当前的”；作后置定语时，意为“出席的，到场的”。【联想】“出席与缺席”的相关词汇：present adj.出席的，在场的；现在的，当前的presence n出席；存在；到场absent adj. 缺席的；缺乏的；不在的absence n. 不在；缺

6、席；缺乏 （1）_ they are living in the country.目前他们住在乡下。（2）Many experts _ the meeting.许多专家出席了这次大会。（3）I cant remember her name _我一时想不起她的名字了。（4）The man _ the meeting is the present president of our country.出席会议的那个人是我们的现任总统。 4. command n命令，指令；掌握 vt. & vi.命令；指挥；支配【教材原句】Can you find the following command and r

7、equest from Reading你能从“阅读”部分找到（类似于）下列的命令句和委婉语气的句子吗at ones command随心所欲地at/by ones command奉某人之命be in command of控制；指挥；统帅under ones command由指挥take command of担任的指挥have a （good ）command of （很好地）掌握/了解command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事command that.(should) do. 命令（从句用虚拟语气，should可以省略） （1）The army is .军队由国王直接统率。（2

8、）She has an advantage over others because she both Chinese and English.因为她精通英语和汉语，所以她比其他人更有优势。（3）The policeman commanded the thief what he had stolen.The policeman commanded that the thief what he had stolen.警察命令那个小偷上交他所偷的东西。【答案】（1）under the kings command（2）has a good command of（3）to hand in；（should

9、）hand in 5. request n. & vt. 请求；要求request sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事request that . (should) do sth.请求at ones request= at the request of sb.应某人之请求make a request for sth.请求，要求make a request that .(should) do sth. 做出请求 （1）You are requested not in the public places.公共场所不准吸烟。（2）Workers request that their work

10、ing conditions as soon as possible.工人们要求尽快改善他们的工作条件。（3）He was there his manager.他按照经理的要求到了那里。（4）They more food and clothes.他们要求再添一些食物和衣服。【名师点津】含有request的宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和主语从句都要使用虚拟语气，即“shoulddo”，其中should可以省略。The teacher requested/made a request that the students (should) be well-prepared for the comi

11、ng exam.老师要求学生对即将到来的考试做好充分的准备。【图形助记】表示请求、命令、建议、要求等词后面跟从句时，从句谓语用(should)do/be done，以下动词具有相同的用法。6. recognize vt.辨认出；承认（教材原句）Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each others dialects.虽然许多美国人经常搬家，但是他们仍然能够辨别和理解彼此的方言。recognize sb. /sth. by /from.根据认出某人/物recognize sb./sth

12、. as/to be.承认某人（物）是recognize sb./ones voice 认出某人；听出某人的声音 （1）I _ Mary _ her voice on the phone.我在电话中根据声音辨认出是玛丽。（2）We him / an honest person.我们认为他是一个诚实的人。【拓展】ecognition n认出，识别recognizable adj.可认出的recognized adj.公认的Its recognized that.人们公认out of/beyond recognition认不出来 (3) _ environment pollution has be

13、come one of the most serious problems.人们一致认为环境污染已经成了最严重的问题之一。【答案】It is recognized that 比较recognize, know明辨异同recognize指原来很熟悉，经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因变陌生后又重新认出来。是终止性动词 know指相互间十分熟悉，十分了解。是延续性动词 用recognize和know填空（4）I have him for 10 years. But I didnt him just now because he has changed so much.我认识他已有10年了。但他变化如此大

14、，我刚才没有认出他来。二、核心短语回顾1. more than超过；不止(教材P9)Do you know that there is more than one kind of English你知道英语是不止一种的吗【名师点津】“more than one + n.”意为“不止一个.”在语义上虽然为复数，但作主语时，谓语动词用单数。More than one girl holds such a view in the school.在这所学校里不止一个女孩持有这样的观点。（1）more than数词，意为“超过，不止”，相当于over。more than名词，意为“不仅仅；不只”，相当于no

15、t only。more than形容词/副词，意为“非常；极其”，相当于very。more than句子，意为“非所能；是难以的”，句中常有can/could。（2）more. than. 比.更.，与其说.倒不如说.（3）rather than 而不是It is hard to concentrate like that for half an hour.像那样专注超过半小时是很难的。He is a writer, he is also a professor.他不仅仅是位作家，还是名教授。They are to help.他们非常乐意帮忙。The beauty of nature is .

16、大自然的美是我难以描述的。He is lucky clever.与其说他聪明，不如说他幸运。 She is more than an actress，but also a producer in this film. And she had to do more than others，which makes her more than tired.在这部电影里她不仅仅是一位演员，还是一位制片人。因此她要比别人付出更多，这让她感觉非常累。2. because of因为，由于(教材原句)Later in the next century, people from England made voy

17、ages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.后来，在17世纪英国人开始航海征服了世界其他地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语了。He failed his maths examination because of his careless work.由于粗心大意，他数学考试没及格。【名师点津】because of是介词短语，后跟名词、代词、动名词或what引导的宾语从句，在句中作原因状语。because是从属连词，引

18、导原因状语从句，表示主句的根本原因（1）He was absent not _ his illness, but _ his father died.他缺席不是因为他生病，而是因为他父亲去世了。（2） the heavy rain, the boy was late for school. The boy was late for school it rained heavily.由于下大雨，小男孩上学迟到。【答案】（1）because of because（2）because of because 补充：because of的同义短语due to 由于as a result of 因为on

19、account of 因为owing to 由于thanks to 多亏3. come up走近；(植物)发芽；(太阳)升起；出现；被提及（教材原句）American Amy: Yes, Id like to come up to your apartment.美国的埃米：好的，我很乐意去你的公寓。(1)come forward走近；赶上；上来(2)rise; come to a higher place (esp. the sun, the moon)(太阳、月亮)升起(3)be brought up for discussion; be mentioned被提出(讨论)，被谈到；引起注意(

20、4)occur/happen(尤指意想不到地)发生(5)present oneself出席，参加，到场(6)appear above the soil; begin to grow露出地面，发芽 写出下列各句中come up的意思。（1）Come up to the fire, and you will feel warm.（2）Luckily, we watched the sun come up.（3）The grass is just beginning to come up.（4）The problem come up at the meeting.【拓展】come up with想出

21、；提出come about发生come across偶遇；偶然发现(come upon)come along一道来；一起去；进步；赶快come back回来；记起 come through经历come on(风、雨等)到来；演出；赶快come out出版；出现；结果是come to苏醒；总计；达到；谈到come down下来come in进来；到达come over 过来；顺便来访4. make use of利用；使用(教材原句)So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever be

22、fore.所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。make full use of充分利用make good use of好好利用，合理利用make little use of没有很好地利用 （1）He has made good use of his spare time to learn English. His spare time to learn English.他充分利用业余时间学习英语。（2）You should every chance you have to speak English.你应该充分利用一切机会说英语。拓展：be of great use很有用g

23、o out of use不被使用，废弃come into use开始被使用be in use在使用中bring/put.to use加以使用【注意】在学习语言的过程中应注意语言的活用以及词的搭配。How much do you know about the use that we have made of the money(句子中use做先行词，关系代词that代替use，在定语从句中做make的宾语。) 我们对钱的使用情况你了解多少 a role/part in在中担任角色；在中起作用（教材原句）Geography also plays a part in making dialects.

24、地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。play an important role/part in在方面起重要作用play the role of +（角色名）play/act the part of +（角色名）(在剧中)扮演.的角色play the leading role起主要(带头)作用（1） Computers modern society.计算机在现代社会中起着重要作用。（2） Zhao Wei Li Hongqin in the film Dearest.赵薇在电影亲爱的中扮演李红琴。（3）The famous actress, Fan Bingbing, the TV play.着名女

25、演员范冰冰在这部电视剧里担任主角。 6. such as 例如.，.等；像.这样；诸如.之类（教材原句）English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa在新加坡、马来西亚和非洲的国家，比如南非，人们也说英语。.such as用于列举事物，常用于被列举的事物和前面的名词之间，但是所列举的事物只是前面所提事物的部分，如果等同就用that is或namelyfor example用于举例说明某种现象中的一个事件，其位置比较灵活，可至于句首、句中或句末，须用逗号和句

26、子的其他成分隔开As we all know, many Chinese words have come into English, typhoon, tofu and kungfu.A. for example B. that is C. such as D. so as to【答案】C7. a number of 许多，大量的（教材原句）For example，India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.比如，由于英国在1765至

27、1947年间统治着印度，所以印度有很大一部分人会讲一口流利的英语。 a number of“许多，大量的”，和复数名词连用。当它出现在主语前时，谓语动词用复数形式。还可以在number前加上形容词 great，large，small等表示程度。 the number of “的数量”，修饰可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。（1）_ students are crazy about computer games.许多学生对电脑游戏很痴迷。（2）_ professors _ present today；_ them _600.许多教授今天都在场，他们的数量有600人。【答案】（1）A number o

28、f （2）A number ofare the number ofis 【拓展】只能修饰可数名词的词组只能修饰不可数名词的词组：可修饰（不）可数名词的词组a large/great/good number ofa good manydozens of/scores ofquite a fewa great deal ofa large amount ofa large sum ofquite a littleplenty ofa lot of/lots ofa large quantity ofquantities of8. the same .as 和一样；与相同（教材原句）So peopl

29、e from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the_same dialect as people in the northwestern USA.因此，美国东南部山区的人们同美国西北部的人们所说的方言就几乎相同。【明辨异同】明辨异同the same .as表示同类的事物the same .that表示同一个事物用that和as填空（1）This is the same book Mr Li lost.这就是李先生丢的那本书。（2）This is the same book Mr Li lost.这本书和李先生丢的那本书一样。