中考形容词和副词知识点汇总.docx

1、中考形容词和副词知识点汇总 中考形容词和副词知识点中考对形容词的考查涉及形容词原级、比较级和最高级的各种句型，形容词作定语的位置，易混淆的形容词用法辨析等；对副词的考查涉及常见副词的用法、副词等级的各种句型、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。侧重考查考生在具体语言环境中运用形容词和副词的能力。知识点一 形容词的用法1多数形容词既能作定语，又能作表语。一般情况下，作名词定语的形容词，位于名词之前。作表语的形容词，位于系动词be, taste, smell, sound, look, become, get等之后。This is an old box.这是一只旧箱子。(定语)This box is old.

2、这箱子是旧的。(表语)Mum cooked delicious food. 妈妈煮了可口的饭菜。(定语)2有的形容词只能作定语，不能作表语。如little(小的), only(唯一的), elder(年长的), wooden(木制的)等。()He is a little boy. ()The boy is little. 3有的形容词，在句中只能作表语。这类形容词主要以a开头，如afraid(害怕的), alive(活着的), awake(醒着的), alone(独自的；单独的)。()He is alone there. ()He is an alone man. ()She looks aw

3、ake. ()She is an awake kid. 注意 除了上面的词之外，类似的形容词还有alike(相似的), asleep(睡着的), well(健康的), ill(生病的), sorry(难过的；后悔的), worth(值得的), sure(有把握的；确信的), glad(高兴的；快乐的), unable(不能的)等。Cindy likes telling jokes. She never stops talking.She is _D_.AseriousBquietCshyDoutgoing4形容词可以作宾语补足语。 I found it hard to learn Englis

4、h well. 我发现学好英语很难。He wants to make the door open. 他想让门开着。知识点二 形容词的位置1一般情况下，作名词定语的形容词，位于名词之前。He is a new comer. 他是一位新来者。 These are English books. 这些是英语书籍。2当多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时，一般应遵循以下顺序：限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词)描述大小、长短、高低等形状年龄、新旧颜色国籍、地区、出处材料。a beautiful tall building一幢漂亮而高大的建筑物 an old stone bridge一座古

5、老的石桥a large green Chinese carpet一块绿色的中国式毯概括为7个字：限、描、形、龄、色、国、材3当形容词修饰somewhere, anywhere, nowhere或复合不定代词something, anything, nothing, someone, anyone, somebody, anybody, nobody, everything时，须置于被修饰的复合不定代词之后。Id like to live somewhere quiet. 我想住在某个安静的地方。Have you seen anybody strange here? 你在这里见到过陌生人吗？Wh

6、ere would you like to go on vacation?Id like to go _A_.Asomewhere relaxingBrelaxed somewhere Csomewhere relaxed Drelaxing somewhere4表示长、宽、高、深或年龄的形容词，位于名词之后。It is over six hundred kilometers long. 它有六百多公里长。 My mother is 45 years old.我妈妈45岁了。知识点三 副词的分类和用法1副词的分类时间副词today, tomorrow, yesterday, now, then

7、, ago, before, soon, still, early, yet, already.地点副词here, there, home, abroad, over there, upstairs, downstairs, somewhere, anywhere.方式副词carefully, slowly, quickly, fast, happily, badly, easily, loudly, luckily, successfully, widely.程度副词very, quite, rather, very much, too, so, enough.频度副词always, usu

8、ally, often, sometimes, never.疑问副词where, how, when, why.2.副词的构成(1)本身为副词，如now, rather, also, there, here, how, when, too, quite等。(2)少数词既是副词，也是形容词。这样的词有early, late, high等，只是它们作副词与作形容词时在句中的位置不同。He comes to school very early every morning. 他每天到校很早。(early为副词，修饰动词come)Mr Smith always catches the early bus

9、 to go to work every morning. 史密斯先生每天早上总是乘早班车上班。(early为形容词，作名词bus的定语)(3)由“形容词ly”构成。quickquicklybeautifulbeautifullybadbadly exactexactlybravebravely happyhappilyquietquietly seriousseriouslytruetruly generalgenerally注意 少数以ly结尾的词是形容词，而不是副词，如friendly(友好的)，deadly(致命的), lively(活泼的), manly(男子气概的)等。3副词的用法

10、(1)修饰动词作状语。He walked quietly into his bedroom. 他悄悄地走进了他的卧室。Sometimes it rains _B_ in Xian in summer.AheavyBheavilyCstrongDstrongly(2)修饰形容词作状语。You have a very nice watch. 你有一块很漂亮的手表。(3)修饰另一副词作状语，位于另一副词前。You walked too slowly. 你走得太慢了。(4)作表语，位于系动词之后。How long will she be away？她要离开多久？(5)作宾语补足语，位于宾语之后。I s

11、aw him out. 我看到他出去了。(6)作定语，位于名词后。The people here are friendly. 这里的人们很友好。知识点四 副词和副词短语的位置1大多数方式副词位于助词后面。如果是及物动词，一般放在宾语后面。She is jumping happily. 她正高兴地跳着。The students are listening to the teacher carefully. 学生们正在认真地听老师讲课。2时间、地点副词或副词短语一般位于句尾。若同时出现，地点在前，时间在后。I practice playing the piano in Mr Greens home

12、 every day. 我每天都在格林先生家练习弹钢琴。 注意 时间副词或副词短语也可以位于句首。I will call you tomorrow. Tomorrow I will call you. 我明天会给你打。3频度副词一般多用在实义动词之前， be动词、情态动词、助动词之后。He sometimes goes swimming in the river. 他有时去河里游泳。She is never late for class. 她上学从不迟到。注意 诸如once a week, three times a day这样的频度副词短语一般位于句尾。I exercise once a w

13、eek. 我一周锻炼一次。4程度副词very, quite, rather, much, too等须放在被修饰的成分之前。It is very hot today. 今天很热。She sang quite well at the party. 她在聚会上唱得相当好。The box is too heavy to carry. 这箱子太重了，搬不动。5enough修饰形容词或副词时，位于被修饰词之后。He is tall enough to join the basketball team. 他的身高够加入篮球队。He didnt run fast enough, so he fell behi

14、nd others. 他因为跑得不够快，所以落后于其他人。The boy is _C_ to take care of himself.Aenough old Benough youngCold enough Dyoung enough知识点五 比较级、最高级的构成大多数的形容词、副词都有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。比较级和最高级的构成方式是值得注意的：1规则变化(1)直接在词尾加er，est原级比较级最高级smallsmallersmallesthighhigherhighestfastfasterfastest(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的，在词尾加r，st原级比较级最高级nicenice

15、rnicestlargelargerlargestlatelaterlatest(3)以“辅音字母y”结尾的，把y变i，再加er，est原级比较级最高级easyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiestearlyearlierearliest(4)以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加er, est原级比较级最高级bigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestthinthinnerthinnest(5)部分双音节和多音节词，在其前加more, most原级比较级最高级popularmore popularmost populardel

16、iciousmore deliciousmost deliciousquicklymore quicklymost quickly知识点六 as.as句型若表示某人或某物在某一方面和另外一个人或物一样，可以使用as.as句型。1as形容词或副词原级as.“和一样”。This joke is as funny as that one. 这个笑话和那个一样好笑。He runs as fast as you. 他跑得跟你一样快。Listening is just as _A _ as speaking in language learning.AimportantBmore importantCmo

17、st important Dthe most important2not as/so形容词或副词原级as.“不如”。She isnt as/so outgoing as Mary. 她的性格不如玛丽外向。He doesnt do his homework as/so carefully as Kate. 他做作业不如凯特认真。知识点七 常考的含有比较级的句型结构若表示某一个事物或人在某方面比另一个事物或人更怎样，可以使用以下几个句型。1A.比较级thanB “A比B更”。The earth is bigger than the moon. 地球比月球更大。He works harder tha

18、n us. 他比我们工作更努力。Was Henry late for the concert yesterday?No. He got there even ten minutes _A _ than us two.AearlierBearliestClaterDlatest2Which/Who.比较级， A or B？“A和B中谁更？”。Which is cheaper, the Tshirt or shirt?T恤和衬衣，哪个更便宜？Who runs faster, Tom or Jerry?汤姆和杰里，谁跑得更快？3A.the比较级of the two.“A是两者中更的”。He is t

19、he taller of the two boys. 他是这两个男孩中较高的那个。She sings the better of the two girls. 她是这两个女孩中唱得比较好的那个。4比较级and比较级“越来越”。When spring comes, the days are getting longer and longer. 当春天来临时，白天变得越来越长了。Chongqing is becoming more and more beautiful. 正变得越来越美丽。The boy listens to the teacher more and more carefully.

20、 这个男孩听老师讲课听得越来越认真了。5The比较级， the比较级“越，越”。The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙，越觉得高兴。The more you have, the more you want. 你拥有的越多，想要的也就越多。The _ friends you have, the _C _ you will be.Amore; happyBmany; happyCmore; happier Dmany; happier知识点八 可修饰比较级的词或短语1当强调比较的程度时，可以在形容词、副词的比较级前使用much, a little,

21、even, still, a lot等。It is much colder than yesterday. 今天比昨天冷得多。My pear is a little bigger than yours. 我的梨比你的大一点。Mary did even worse than Lucy. 玛丽做得甚至比露西更糟。We must make the life still better. 我们一定要使生活更加美好。She is a lot cleverer than I am. 她比我聪明得多。2表示倍数的词或度量名词可以作比较级的修饰语。She is three years younger than

22、him. 她比他小三岁。He works three times faster than us. 他干活比我们快三倍。注意 very, quite常用来修饰原级，而不能用来修饰比较级。修饰比较级可以用much, a lot等。他比我高很多。()He is very taller than me. ()He is much taller than me. 她跳得比我远。()She jumped quite farther than me. ()She jumped a lot farther than me. July, its raining so heavily.Yes, but the r

23、adio says it will be even _A_ tomorrow.AworseBbadCworst知识点九 使用比较级时的注意事项1注意比较的对象保持前后一致。(1)比的人口多。()The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. ()The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing. (2)的天气比的好。()The weather in Beijing is nicer than that of Shanghai. ()The weather in Beijing

24、 is nicer than Shanghai. 2避免将主语包含在比较对象中。(1)他比我们班上任何人都来得早。()He comes earlier than any student in our class. ()He comes earlier than any other student in our class. (2)中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。()China is bigger than any other country in Africa. ()China is bigger than any country in Africa. 注意 在同一围进行比较时，比较的双方不能发

25、生重复现象，故在例(1)中使用other以避免重复。但在不同围对人或同一性质的事物进行比较时，则不用other，如例(2)中，由于中国属于亚洲，而被比较者却是另一围的国家，因此不用other。What is your favourite sport?Swimming, I think. Its _C_ of all.AeasierBmore difficultCthe most interesting Dthe most boring知识点十 形容词、副词的最高级用法形容词、副词的最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，表示在一定围“最”，其主要句型有：1A.the最高级in(of, a

26、mong).“在某围之A最”。Shanghai is the largest city in China. 是中国最大的城市。He is the tallest of the three boys(among the three boys). 他是这三个男孩中最高的。She jumped(the)highest in the high jumping. 她跳高跳得最高。注意 of, among后跟围，表示围与主语是同类。in后多跟地点，与主语不同类。She is the cleverest of(among) the three girls. 她是这三个女孩子中最聪明的。She is the

27、cleverest girl in the class. 她是班上最聪明的女孩。形容词最高级前如果没有形容词性物主代词，必须加定冠词the，但副词的最高级前可以不用the。2A.one of the最高级复数名词“A是最的之一”。Jay Chou is one of the most popular singers in Taiwan. 周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌手之一。China is one of the largest countries in the world. 中国是世界上最大的国家之一。We have a lovely room. Its one of _D_ in the hotel

28、.AniceBnicerCnicestDthe nicest3.the序数词最高级单数名词in围“在某围是第几的”。Changjiang River is the first longest river in our country. 长江是我国第一长河。Jimmy is the second tallest boy in our class. 杰米是我们班上个子第二高的男孩。4Which(Who).(the)最高级， A，B or C？“A、B和C，哪个/谁最？”。Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon?太阳、地球、月亮，哪一

29、个最大？Who runs(the)fastest, Kate, Tom or Mike?谁跑得最快，凯特、汤姆还是迈克？5A.the最高级(that)I have ever seen/heard/read. “A是我所见过的/听过的/读过的最的”。另外，此类句型中的that可以省略。You are the most beautiful girl(that)I have ever seen. 你是我所见过的最漂亮的女孩。Harry Potter is the most interesting book(that)I have ever read. 哈利波特是我所读过的最有趣的书。注意 除用ever之外，还可以用never。He works the hardest that I have never seen before. 我以前从来没有见过像他这样努力工作的人。强化训练5 形容词和副词1(2012)Have you ever read the book Harry Potter?Yes, and I think its very_.I want to read it again. Aboring Bexciting Cbored Dexcited2(2012)This place is not big enough for Lu