人教版八年级英语下册Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks短语语法知识点汇总.docx

1、人教版八年级英语下册Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks短语语法知识点汇总一、必背短语Section A 部分1.清洁、打扫clean up2.n加油使振奋、高兴cheer up3.分发、散发give/ hann加油d out4.过去、曾经used to5.志愿去做某事n加油volunteer to do6.提出，相出come up with7n加油.推迟put off8.张贴；搭建put upn加油9.打电话call up10.照顾，照料n加油care for/look after/take care of11.在n加油岁at the age

2、of12.参与n加油选拔；试用try out13.同时at the same n加油time14.一个强烈的满足感a strong feelingn加油 of satisfaction15.为而筹钱raise monen加油y for16.为发愁be worried abn加油outSection B 部分1.修理、装饰fix n加油up2.用光，用尽run out (of)3.（外貌/行为）像n加油take after4.捐赠、赠送give away5n加油.与相似be similar to6.建立；设立set up7.残n加油疾人disabled people 8.对有影响/作用make

3、a din加油fference to9.帮助某人摆脱困n加油境help sb. out10.对感到兴奋n加油be excited about【教材内容解析】Section n加油A1. You could help to clean up the n加油city parks. (P. 9)(1) helpn加油 sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事翻译：你能在家庭作业方面帮助我吗？n加油_n加油_help sbn加油. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事翻n加油译：他常常帮助他妈妈做家务。_n加油_(2) clean up意为“打扫干净”翻译n加油：Nancy, please cle

4、an up your room. _n加油_2. The gin加油rl could visit the sick n加油kids in the hospital to cheern加油 them up. (P. 9)cheer up意为“使开心, 使振作n加油、振奋”，代词用作宾语时，要当在cheer和up之间。翻译：Chen加油er up! Everything will ben加油 OK. _n加油_ 3. The boy could gn加油ive out food at the food bank. (n加油P. 9)give out意为“分发、散发”，相当于hand on加油ut。

5、翻译：这有一些书。请把它们分发给同学们。 _n加油_n加油_n加油_4. The girl could volunteer in n加油an after-school study n加油program to teach kids.n加油 (P. 9)volunteer用作动词，表示“义务n加油做、自愿做”，后接不定式作宾语，volunteer to n加油do sth.“志愿做某事”；作名词，表示“志愿者”，为可数n加油名词。翻译：Tom volunteered ton加油 help us. _n加油_5. Lets make son加油me notices, too. (P. 10)also

6、, too, n加油as well与either都可以表示“也”，但是用法不同n加油。also放在句中行为动词前，be动词、助动词和情态n加油动词之后。He also wants to go.n加油too用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面n加油用逗号隔开。He wants to go, too.as welln加油用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面不用逗号隔开。He wants ton加油 go as well.either用于否定句句末，句n加油前不用逗号隔开。He doesnt want to go eithen加油r6. We need to come up with a plan fn加油or t

7、he City park Clean-Up Day. (P. 10)n加油come up with表示“相出、提出（主意或者想法）”。翻n加油译：或许他会提出一个好的主意。_n加油_7. Oh, wn加油hat did they ask you to help oun加油t with? (P. 10)help out意n加油为“帮忙分担、帮某人摆脱困境”。翻译：n加油Bill helped me out when n加油I was in trouble. _n加油_8. They told me storiesn加油 about the past and how things usn加油ed

8、to be. (P. 10)辨析：be /get un加油sed to doing sth., used to do sthn加油.与be used to do sth.辨析： usen加油d to do sth；be used to do sth；与 be /gen加油t used to doing sthused tn加油o do sth.过去常常做某事记忆口诀：used to don加油 常常过； bn加油e used to do 被用做； be used n加油to doing 习惯做be used n加油to do sth.被用来做某事n加油be /get used to doing

9、 sn加油th.习惯于做某事9. Yeah, a ln加油ot of old people are lonen加油ly. (P. 10)lonely作形容词表示“孤独的、荒凉的、偏僻的”n加油；alone既可以作形容词也可以作副词，作形容词时只能作表语，不能作定语。n加油翻译：He feels lonely at homn加油e himself. _n加油_翻译：His grandfathen加油r was alone. _n加油_；alone是_n加油_词。翻译：Mr. Smith lives alonen加油. _n加油_；alone是_词。10. We sn加油hould listen

10、to them an加油nd care for them. (P. 10)care for意为“照n加油顾、照料”，后接名词或者代词作宾语，相当于look after或者takn加油e care of。翻译：她每天放学后照顾她的弟弟n加油。 _n加油_n加油_11.n加油 I get such a strong feeling of satn加油isfaction when I see the animals gen加油t better and the look n加油of joy on their owners fn加油aces. (P. 11)such用作形容词n加油，表示“这样、如此”，

11、用来修饰名词，可以修饰可数名词单数，也n加油可以修饰可数名词复数或者不可数名词。翻译：Its sun加油ch a nice day. _n加油_n加油_翻译：I hope to have such den加油licious food every day. _n加油_n加油_12. She couldn加油 read by herself at the an加油ge of four. (P. 11)at the age on加油f表示“在岁时”，表示年龄。翻译：He started schooln加油 at the age of six. _n加油_13. Lan加油st year, she d

12、ecided to try n加油out for a volunteer afn加油ter-school reading program. (P. 11)trn加油y out for意为“参加选拔、争取成为”。翻译：Mann加油y boys tried out for the football n加油team. _n加油_14. I can do what I lovn加油e to do and help others atn加油 the same time. (P. 12)at the same tn加油ime意为“同时”。翻译：你不能同时写作业和看电视。_n加油_n加油_15. Our c

13、lass is trying to.n加油.(P. 12)try to do sth. “尽力做某n加油事”翻译：医生尽力挽救（save）生病的n加油女孩。_n加油_try doin加油ng sth. “尝试做某事”翻译：男孩尝试弹钢琴。_n加油_n加油_Section n加油B1. I take after my mother. (P. n加油13)take after意为“长得像”。翻译：Marn加油y长得像她爸爸. _n加油_2. I fixn加油ed it up. (P. 13)fix up意为“n加油修理”，代词作宾语时，放在fix和up中间。翻译：My computer dn加油o

14、esnt work. Can you fix it up for mn加油e? _n加油_n加油_3. I gave it away. n加油(P. 13)give away意为“捐赠、赠送”，还可以表示“n加油泄露（秘密）”。翻译：我的妹妹把她的衣服捐赠给n加油了穷孩子们。 _n加油_n加油_4. Im similarn加油 to her. (P. 13)be similar to意n加油为“与相似”，be similar in“在方n加油面类似”。翻译：Her ideas an加油re similar to mine. _n加油_翻译：The twn加油ins are similar in

15、 appearances. _n加油_5. I dn加油idnt keep it. (P. 13)keep n加油sth. 保留某物翻译：You can keep the book untin加油l the next weekend. _n加油_keep doing sth. 一直n加油做某事翻译：The thief still n加油kept stealing things aftern加油 he went out of the prison（监狱）n加油. _n加油_n加油_keep+adj. 保持翻译：Tn加油he girl eats a little to keep slim（苗条n加

16、油的）. _n加油 keep sb./sth.+adj./介词短语 n加油保持某人/某物翻译：We should keep then加油 window open while we are asleep. n加油 _n加油_n加油_keep sb. n加油doing sth. 保持某人做某事翻译：Tn加油he mother kept the baby crying on the ben加油d. _n加油_n加油_6. Who wrote the letter to Miss Li? (n加油P. 14)write a letter to sb.=write sbn加油. a letter=wri

17、te to sb. “n加油给某人写信”翻译：她正在给她父母写信。_n加油_n加油_7. You helped to make it pn加油ossible for me to han加油ve Lucky. (P. 14)有些动词后面接复合宾语时，常用it作形式宾n加油语，而真正的宾语则由动词不定式来担当，并位于宾语补足n加油语之后。常见的这样的动词有find，think，feel，make等。翻译n加油：I find it interesting to play comn加油puter games _n加油_n加油_n加油_翻译：We all thinn加油k it very difficu

18、lt to fn加油inish the work in an hour. n加油_n加油_n加油_8. Lucky makes a big difference to mn加油y life. (P. 14)make a difference to意为“对n加油有影响、对起作用”，后接名词、代词、动名词作n加油宾语。翻译：Changing schools made a differenn加油ce to my life. _n加油_n加油_n加油_翻译：The rain made n加油no difference to the gamen加油. _n加油_n加油_9. Or imagine you

19、 cann加油t walk or use your hands en加油asily. (P. 14)imagine表示“想象”时，后常接动名词n加油或者从句作宾语。翻译：You cant imagine hon加油w fast the player ran. _n加油_10. I cant un加油se my arms or legs well, so normn加油al things like answering the telephn加油one, opening and closing doors, n加油or carrying things are n加油difficult for me

20、. (P. 14) bring表示“带来”，n加油强调从别的地方带到说话的地方，常与副词here连n加油用；take表示“带走”，强调从说话的地方带去别的地方，常与副词n加油there连用；carry表示“搬、抬”，没有方向性。翻译：The n加油students brought their homework tn加油o school in the morning and take tn加油hem home after school. _n加油_n加油_n加油_11. She talked to Animal Hn加油elpers about getting men加油 a special t

21、rained dog.n加油 (P. 14) train用作及物动词，表示“训练、n加油培训”，train sb./sth. to do sth.“训练某人/n加油某物做某事”。翻译：They train n加油the dogs to open the dn加油oor. _n加油_12. After six months of traininn加油g with a dog at Animal Helpers, n加油I was able to bring him home. (Pn加油. 14) be able to意为“能，会n加油”，表示能力，与can同义。In the fun加油ture

22、, students will be an加油ble to study at home wn加油ith the help of computers.【n加油拓展】辨析：be able to与canbn加油e able to强调通过努力而获得的能力，而cann加油强调自身已具有的能力。She can singn加油 the song in English.Hn加油e will be able to sinn加油g this song in English, too.【n加油语法讲解】动词不定式一、 作主语为避免句子的头重脚轻，常n加油用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。 常用句型：I

23、n加油t +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to n加油do sth. 翻译：_n加油_It takes sb. some n加油time to do sth. 翻译：_n加油_二、 作宾语n加油动词agree (同意)； offer (提出)； intend， pln加油an (打算，计划)； demand， ask (要求)； promin加油se (答应)； help (帮忙)； prepare (准备)；n加油 decide (决定)； refuse n加油(拒绝)；dare (敢于)； choose (选n加油择)； wish，hope，want， expect (希

24、望，想n加油要)； fail ；（不能；忘记）； pretend (假装)； mn加油anage (设法)； determine （决心）常接动词不定式作宾语。n加油【记忆口诀】同意提出做计划， 要求答应来帮忙。 准备决定遭拒绝， 敢于选择n加油有希望。 不能做到莫假装， 设法做成决心强。 三、 作（后置）定n加油语常用于“have/hassth.tn加油o do”或“enough名to do” “n加油Its time to do sth.” 等n加油结构中。四、动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结n加油果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式n加油放在句首，或在不定式前加in

25、 order (ton加油) 或so as (to) “为了，目的是”。常用结构有too n加油+ adj./adv. + to do sth.等。五n加油、作宾语补足语tell, ask, want, invite, ten加油ach, like, call等可接带to的动n加油词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want /can加油ll/invite sb. to do sth.结n加油构。【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的n加油宾语补足语时应省去to：“一感(feel)，二听(listen ton加油, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，n加油四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)”。六、固定句式中动词不定式的用法 常见的形式有：had better (not) do sth. 最好（不）做Would you like to do sth.? 你想做？Why not do sth.? 为什么不做?Would you please (not) do sth.? 请你（不）做.好吗？