最新中考英语动词分类讲解及练习有答案.docx

1、最新中考英语动词分类讲解及练习有答案中考英语动词分类讲解及练习(有答案)动词综合讲解表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。可以分为以下四类：类别例句使用特点实义/行为动词及物动词love, make后跟宾语不及物动词go, rise后不跟宾语连系动词be, look后跟表语助动词be, have, do, shall, will, did本身没有词义，后跟动词原形或分词，构成疑问句或否定句等情态动词can, may, mist本身有词义，后跟动词原形，构成谓语一、实义动词及物动词与不及物动词根据后面是否带宾语，行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词。Vt. vi .They study hard

2、. I know them well. 注：有的动词既可作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。如：She sings very well.She sang an English song just now. 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词 Shall I begin at once?She began working as a librarian after she left school.When did they leave Chicago?They left last week. 短语：动态动词和静态动词动态动词表示动作，如give, take, work, run等；静态动

3、词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等，如know, exist, be, have, appear, prove, concern, hate, dislike, like, love, surprise, include, depend on, belong to, guess, suppose，imagine, believe, doubt, admire, envy等。延续性动词和非延续性动词根据动作是否延续，行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain, live, work, learn等是延续性动词，go, come, leave, start, arrive, join,

4、 finish, end等是非延续性动词。注：非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。如：译他离开这里三天了。误He has left here for three days. 正He has been away from here for three days. 正He left here three days ago. 正Its three days since he left. 限定动词与非限定动词限定动词在句中作谓语，有人称和数的变化。非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种，也叫非谓语动词，没有人称和数的变化。The room needs cleaning. 二

5、、连系动词系动词亦称连系动词，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词后不可接副词，接的是形容词。1. be动词 He is a teacher.（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）I am fine. 2. keep, rest, remain, stay He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3. 表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem, appear, lookHe looks

6、tired. He seems (to be) very sad. 4. feel, smell, sound, taste This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet. 5. become, grow, turn, fall（asleep）, get, go, come, run. He became mad after that. She grew rich within a short time.6. 终止系动词。表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达证实，变成之意，The

7、rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success. （turn out表终止性结果）7使役动词：let,have,make 使，让Let /make somebody do sthThe teacher lets/makes them clean the classroom after school.Make sb/sth adj. The story makes me happy. The color makes it look beautiful.Have somebody do sth 让某人做某事Have sth done 让某物被做M

8、y mother haves me make the bed. I have my hair cut/washed.有些动词它们既可以用作实义动词，又可以用作连系动词。另外be还可用作助动词。它们的用法不同，词义和句型结构也有所不同。例如：Look at the blackboard, please.请看黑板。(look用作实义动词) He looks a little tired.他略显疲倦。(look用作连系动词) They are at work.他们在工作。(are用作连系动词) They are working.他们正在工作。(are用作助动词，帮助构成现在进行时) 3、助动词协助主

9、要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。 助动词是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉译，例如： He doesnt like English.（doesnt是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)1、助动词be(is, am,are,was,were)，have(has, had, having)，do(did,does).*do(does, did) 的用法（1）构成疑问句或否定句(How) did you know ? He does not smoke. （2）加强语气。He did tell that.Do come and see us.（3）代替前面刚出现的动

10、词，避免重复。-You like popular music, dont you? -Yes , I do.He speaks French as fluently as she does.（4）用于倒装句中。Never did he pay attention to my words.Only then did I understand the importance of English.（5）构成否定的祈使句。Dont be so careless.Do not hesitate to come for help.四、情态动词1. 情态动词的定义及特征：情态动词是表示情感、态度的动词。情态

11、动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有词义，但不能单独作谓语，它们必须与句子中的实义动词一起构成谓语。常见的情态动词有：shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must, dare,need, ought to, had better 等。2. 情态动词的用法：1) can与could的区别与用法：can“能，能够”，多用于表示现在或将来可能或能够做某事。例如：He can use a computer. 他会用电脑。Can you help me with my English? 你能帮我学习英语吗？could是 can的过去式，多

12、用来指过去能够或可能做的事。例如：I could speak excellent French as a child. 我孩童时，能够说一口流利的法语。但 could 也可用于指现在，是表示礼貌的一种说法。例如：Could you answer my question? 你能回答我的问题吗？ (1) can与could表示能力：例如： She can speak a little Chinese now. 她现在能说一些汉语。 Tom could cook when he was a small boy.还是一个孩子时汤姆就会做饭。当can表示能力时可用be able to 代替，二者的区别是

13、can只有过去式，而be able to 有更多的时态形式，而且还有人称变化。例如：You will be able to run again after the operation. 你手术以后将可以再次跑步。My little brother has been able to dress himself. 我的弟弟已经可以自己穿衣服了。以上两例句中均不可用can代换be able to。(2) 表示允许、准许时can与may可互换：例如： Can /May I borrow your bike tomorrow? 我明天可以借你的自行车吗？ You cant smoke here. 你不可

14、以在这里吸烟。(3) 表示可能性时can/could常用于否定句、疑问句表示说话人的怀疑、猜测和不肯定：例如： Can he be at home now? 他现在能在家吗？ This news cant be true. 这条消息不现实。2) may与 might的用法及区别：may多指现在，而might是may的过去式，既可指过去也可指现在。(1) 表示请求许可时might比can正式：例如： May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗？ May I take these magazines out of the reading room?我可以把这本杂志拿出房间

15、吗？ He asked me if he might go there. 他问我他是否可以去那。( 2 ) may和might表示可能性时，常用于肯定句， 这时might与may都暗含不确定的意思，might比may更为不确定：例如： A: Where is John? 约翰在哪里？B: He may be at the library.他可能在图书馆。 Mike hasnt come to school. He might be ill at home. 迈克没有来上学，他可能病了。(3) might 在口语中常代替may，语气更加缓和、委婉 ：例如： May I speak to him

16、now? 我现在可以和他讲话吗？Might I leave a message for him? 我给他留口信好吗？(4) 在用may提问时否定回答常用mustnt或may not，表示“不行，不可以”：例如：A: May I go now? 我可以走了吗？B: No, you mustnt/may not. 不，不可以。3) must与have to的用法及区别：(1) must 表示人的一种主观意志；表示必须要做的事：例如：We must protect our environment. 我们必须保护环境。must也可以表示过去情况，一般用在间接引语和宾语从句中。例如：He told me

17、 he must go to school today. 他告诉我他今天必须上学。(2) must可以表示一种推测(只有在肯定句中)：例如： They must be very happy because they have won the game. 他们一定很高兴，因为他们赢了这场比赛。He must be working for the light is on. 他一定在工作，因为灯还亮着。(3) have to 也有必须之意，但must 表示说话人的主观看法，而have to 则表示客观义务和需要，即“不得不”。must的否定式是mustnt ，而have to 的否定式是dont h

18、ave to/doesnt have to/didnt have to。must无人称时态变化，have to 则有。mustnt 表示禁止、不许、不要，而dont have to 表示不必：例如： I must go now. 我现在必须走。You must tell me the truth. 你得对我说实话。I have to go now because I will attend an important meeting. 我不得不走，因为我将参加一个重要的会议。You will have to stay at home for it is going to rain. 你得呆在家里

19、，因为要下雨了。She has had to read the letter for 3 times for my granny. 她只好给奶奶将信读三遍。You dont have to explain any more. I have understood. 你不必再解释，我明白了。(4) 在回答must引起的问句时，肯定回答用must，而否定回答要用neednt 或dont/doesnt have to：例如：A: Must I come back in 5 minutes? 我必须五分钟后回来吗？B: No, you neednt/you dont have to. 或Yes, you

20、 must. 不，没有必要/是的，你必须。4) need和dare的用法及区别：need 和dare既可作情态动词又可作行为动词。(1)need 和dare作情态动词用时只用于否定句和疑问句。need和dare用作情态动词无词形变化：例如： Its shiny today. You neednt take your umbrella. 今天天气晴朗，你不需带雨伞。 Need I help you with these boxes? 我需要帮你拿这些盒子吗？ How dare you say its unfair. 你怎么能说这是不公平的。 I dare not drive on the bus

21、y street by myself. 我不能独自在拥挤的街道上驾驶。(2) need 和dare 作实义动词时，后面常跟动词不定式用作实义动词，need 和dare有人称、数和时态变化。在构成否定句时与其它及物动词一样，其前面加do/does/did再加not，变成疑问句时用do/does/did来提问：例如： When the bear came at him he didnt dare to breathe. 当熊朝他们走来时，他们不敢呼吸。 You dont need to hand the paper today. 你今天不必写论文。 Does he need to see a do

22、ctor?他需要看医生吗？5) shall与will的区别：(1) shall 与will可以用作助动词，帮助动词构成一般将来时，shall, will也可用作情态动词，表示请求或建议：例如： Well start a new lesson. 我们将学新课。 (将来时) Will you close the window? 将窗子关上好吗？ (表建议请求) Shall I play computer games? 我可以玩电子游戏吗？ (表示建议)(2) 当will, shall 用于表示建议和请求时，对应的答语简表如下：句型肯定回答否定回答Will you?Yes, I will/Sure/

23、All right/Certainly等No, I wont. Im sorry I cant. No, thank you. Shall I ?Yes, please. Yes, thank you. No, youd better not. Shall we?All right. Yes, lets. Im sorry I cant. No, wed better not. 6) would的用法：would是 will的过去式，would可以和动词原形一起构成过去将来时，也可以用作情态动词，表示一种礼貌的请求和委婉的语气。would常用在以下三个句型中。(1) Would you ? (

24、would you?比will you?更客气一些) ：例如： Would you tell me how I can get to the Summer Palace?您可以告诉我怎样到颐和园吗？ Would you help me translate it into English?您可以帮我把它翻译成英语吗？(2) 主语 + would like to 的结构，表示“想要”：例如：I would like to sing an English song for all of you. 我想要为你们大家唱一首英文歌曲。(3) Would you like sth. 或Would you l

25、ike to do sth.表示礼貌地请求或劝说：例如： Would you like some coffee? 来点咖啡好吗？ Would you like to enjoy a concert this weekend?这个周末参加一个音乐会好吗？7) should与ought to 的用法及区别：should与ought to 两者都是“应该，应当”的意思，二者常可以互换。ought to 的否定式是oughtnt to。ought的疑问式只把 ought 提到主语之前即可。(1) You ought to tell him the bad news.你应该告诉他这个坏消息。(2) Ou

26、ght I to finish the work before Friday?我非得在星期五之前完成工作吗？(3) You should/ought to study hard.你应该努力学习。情态动词习题：1. Mr Wang _ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing this morning.A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt 2. -Must I stay at home, Mum? -No, you _.A. neednt B. mustnt C. dont D. may not 3. -Can you g

27、o swimming with us this afternoon? -Sorry, I cant. I _ take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill.A. can B. may C. would D. have to 4. -May I go to the cinema, Mum?-Certainly. But you _ be back by 11 oclock.A. can B. may C. must D. need 5. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish

28、 _ into the river.A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrownC. cant throw D. may not throw 6. -May I go out to play basketball, Dad?-No, you _. You must finish your homework first.A. mustnt B. may not C. couldnt D. neednt 7. -Where is Jack, please ? -He _ be in the reading room.A. can B. need C. would

29、D. mustA. musnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt 8. -Mum, may I watch TV now?-Sure, but you _ help me with my housework first.A. can B. may C. must D. could 9. The boy said he had to speak English in class, but he _ speak it after calss.A. could B. didnt have to C. might D. shouldnt 10. John _ go there

30、with us tonight, but he isnt very sure about it.A. must B. can C. will D. may 11. Even the top students in our class cant work out this problem. So it _ be very difficult.A. can B. may C. must D. need 12. Its still early. You _.A.mustnt hurry B. wouldnt hurryC. may not hurry D. dont have to hurry 13. A computer _ think for itself, it must be told what to do.A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. migh