高考必背高频短语语法填空改错练习.docx

1、高考必背高频短语语法填空改错练习高考必背高频短语语法填空改错练习一背一背1 be able to do sth能做某事 be unable to do sth不能做某事have the ability to do sth 有做某事的能力2 be absent from a meeting缺席会议 be present at a meeting 出席会议In the absence of sb/in sbs absence 在某人不在时3 be about to do sth.when 正要做突然地Was/were doingwhen 正在做突然地had just done when刚做完突然地

2、4 go abroad 出国5 above all 最重要的是 after all 毕竟 first of all 首先6 be absorbed in 全神贯注于7 have access to sb/sth/a place有机会有权利接近某人，利用某物，进入某地8 take sth into account/consideration把考虑进去account for 解释，占.（比例） on account of 由于 On no account 绝不9 accuse sb of sth指控=charge sb with sth10 accompany sb to a place陪伴.去

3、keep sb company 陪伴某人11 be accustomed to sth /doing习惯于做某事12 by accident 偶然地=by chance13 according to 根据14 make sbs acquaintance make the acquaintance of sb 结识某人15 take action/take measures 采取行动、采取措施16 adapt （oneself）to 适应17 be adapted from改编自18 be addicted to（doing）sth沉迷于19 in addition此外加之 in additio

4、n to除此之外20 add A to B把A加入B中 Add to 增加 Add up加起来 Add up to 加起来 21 adjust to调整以适应22 admit doing sth承认做了某事 be admitted to/into被录取 准许进入23 in advance 提前24 have an advantage over sb有超越某人的优势 take advantage of 利用25 advise doing sth 建议做 advise sb to do 建议某人做26 afford sth/ to do sth负担的起28 again and again 反复29

5、 look after照顾=take care of be named after 以命名 be modeled after 模仿 run after追赶追求after school/class放学/下课后 day after day日复一日30 in the afternoon在下午 on the afternoon of may1在五月一日的下午On a sunny afternoon在一个阳光明媚的下午写一写1 be able to do sth be unable to do sth have the ability to do sth 2 be absent from a meeti

6、ng be present at a meeting In the absence of sb/in sbs absence 3 be about to do sth.when Was/were doingwhen had just done when 4 go abroad 5 above all after all first of all 6 be absorbed in 7 have access to sb/sth/a place 8 take sth into account/consideration account for on account of On no account

7、 9 accuse sb of sth=charge sb with sth 10 accompany sb to a place keep sb company 11 be accustomed to sth /doing 12 by accident =by chance 13 according to 14 make sbs acquaintance make the acquaintance of sb 15 take action/take measures 16 adapt （oneself）to 17 be adapted from 18 be addicted to（doing

8、）sth19 in addition in addition to 20 add A to B Add to Add up Add up to 21 adjust to 22 admit doing sth be admitted to/into 23 in advance 24 have an advantage over sb take advantage of 25 advise doing sth advise sb to do 26 afford sth/ to do sth 28 again and again 29 look after=take care of be named

9、 after be modeled after run after after school/class day after day 30 in the afternoon on the afternoon of may1 On a sunny afternoon 语法限时练Passage 1(2020全国卷)China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Change4 probe (探测器)the name was inspired by an

10、 ancient Chinese moon goddess_1_ (touch) down last week in the South PoleAitken basin. Landing on the moons far side is _2_ (extreme) challenging. Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _3_ it could

11、send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular _4_ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so _5_ the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change4 _6_ (find) and study areas of the Sou

12、th PoleAitken basin. “This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it _7_ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _8_ (construct)” Data about the moons composition, such as how _9_ ice and other treasures it contains, coul

13、d help China decide whether _10_ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家，文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。1touched考查动词的时态。设空处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。2extremely考查词性转换。设空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extre

14、mely。3where考查定语从句的引导词。根据句子结构可知，设空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。4interest考查词性转换。根据设空前的形容词particular可知，设空处应填名词，interest意为“吸引力；趣味”时是不可数名词，be of interest to sb意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。5than考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的靠近地球的一面有更多的深环形山。根据设空前的比较级more so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比更”。故填than。6to find考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥

15、四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。7means考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以设空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。8is constructed考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。9much考查限定词。句意：关于月亮成分的数据，比

16、如它含有多少冰和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。10its考查代词。根据设空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词，故填its。Passage 2 (2020全国卷)Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New YearChinese New Year is a _1_ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This

17、is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _2_ (carry) special significance. They represent the earth _3_ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country：Oranges: Orange trees are more _4_ decoration; they are a symbol of

18、good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times _5_ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices. _6_ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a

19、must. Bamboo plants are associated _7_ health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy _8_ (care) for and make great presents.Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The _9_ (beauty) long branches covered with pinkcolored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are _10_ first to flower even a

20、s the snow is melting (融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年的寓意。1celebration考查词性转换。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。2carries考查主谓一致。此处是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。3coming考查非谓语动词。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词

21、。represent sb/sth doing sth “展示某人/某物做某事”。故填coming。4than考查固定短语。句意：橘子树不仅仅是装饰品。more than “不仅仅，不只是”为固定短语。故填than。5decorated考查非谓语动词。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。6Certainly考查词性转换。副词Certainly位于句首，作状语。故填Certainly。7with考查介词。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和家庭幸福联系在一起。be associated with “与相联

22、系”。故填with。8to care考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里为“be形容词to do”结构。故填to care。9beautiful考查词性转换。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。10the考查冠词。序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。Passage 3 (2020全国卷)Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to coo

23、k. My mom told me how to preparing it. First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside. Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove. I waited patiently unless the oil was hot. Then I put the tomatoes and

24、the beaten eggs into pan together. “Not that way，” my mom tried to stop us but failed. She was right. It didnt turn out as I had wished.答案：Today I tried cooking a dish myself. I like eating tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy to cook. My mom told me how to it. First I cut the tomatoes

25、into pieces put them aside. Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with . After that I poured oil into a pan and turned the stove. I waited patiently the oil was hot. Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together. “Not that way，” my mom tried to stop but failed. She

26、was right. It didnt turn out as I had wished.1simplysimple考查形容词。根据名词dish可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故将simply改为simple。2fryingfried考查过去分词。动词fry与tomatoes之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。3去掉to考查情态动词。must是情态动词，后接动词原形，to多余，故将to去掉。4preparingprepare考查动词不定式。句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。“how不定式”作told的宾语，to后应接动词原形，故将preparing改

27、为prepare。5butand考查连词。I cut the tomatoes into pieces与put them aside之间是并列关系，应使用and连接，故将but改为and。6chopstickchopsticks考查名词的复数。chopstick是可数名词，意为“筷子”，通常以复数形式出现，故将chopstick改为chopsticks。7offon考查介词。根据“I poured oil into a pan”及常识可知，把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子，所以此处应使用短语turn on，故将off改为on。8unlessuntil/till考查连词。句意：我耐心等待，直到油烧热。

28、此处是指“直到”油烧热，应使用until/till引导时间状语从句，故将unless改为until/till。9pan前加the考查定冠词。此处特指上文提到的pan，所以其前应加定冠词the，故在pan前加the。10usme考查代词。根据上文可知，是作者一个人做菜，此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”，应使用I的宾格，故将us改为me。Passage 4(2020全国卷)Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy. Im glad to know that youve come China to learn kung fu in a scho

29、ol in my hometown. Im surely youll have a good time. Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice. Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations. Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on eve

30、ry day. Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China. See you sooner.答案：Thank you for your letter, really made me happy. Im glad to know that youve come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown. Im youll have a good time. Actually, I to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, I have long been out of practice. Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer . Then I can spare some time to learn it again, that we can practice together every day. Best of luck with learning kung fu in China. See you .1whatwhich考查非限制性定语从句。逗号后的从句为非限制性定