新人教版新八年级英语下册第一单元知识点.docx

1、新人教版新八年级英语下册第一单元知识点肃 Unit1Whatsthematter?螃一询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到什么麻烦时，常用以下句型：肁 1.Whatsthematter（withsb）?膇 3.Whatswrong（withsb）?你怎么了？肆 5.Whatsup?袃 7.AreyouOK?2.Whatsthetrouble/problem（withsb）?4.Whats onestrouble/problem ？6.Whathappenedtosb?8.Isthereanythingwrongwithsb?膈二表达身体不适或疼痛时，常用以下结构：衿1.Sb+have/has+a/an+

2、疾病名称：haveacold/fever/cough/temperature袅2.Sb+have/hasasore+身体部位：haveasorethroat/back羃3.Sb+have/has+a+身体部位achehaveatoothache/headache/stomachache/earache/backache蕿4.Sb+hurt(s)+身体部位/oneself;Hehurthisleg.莇或身体部位+hurts;Myheadhurtsbadly.蚄 5.Thereissomethingwrongwithones+身体部位。肂 6.Sb+have/hasapaininones+身体部位

3、羀三情态动词 should/shouldt的用法：意为“应该，应当 ”后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。聿 通常表示提出意见或建议，义务和责任，还可表示命令责备或要求等语气 ;莃 1.Youshouldliedownandrest.膂 2.Youshouldteatsomuchnexttime.莁 3.WhatshouldIdo?薇 4.ShouldIputsomemedicineonit？-Yes,youshould./No,youshouldt.蒆 SectionA节1.soreadj.疼痛的 可作定语或表语 Shehasasorethroat/back. Mylegisverysore.薈

4、2.back n.后面，背面 Hesatatthebackoftheclassroom. adv.回（原处） comeback艿3.lie vi.躺，卧-lay.lain.lying liedown躺下芅莂撒谎-lied.lied.lying Youarelyingtome.n.谎言假话 tellalie/lies罿 lay vt.-laid.laid.laying 产卵下蛋放置蚆4.rest休息v./n. Youshouldrestforafewdays. 动词用法羄 getsomerest=have(take)arest/abreak/breaks休息一下 名词用法莂5.toonessur

5、prise使某人惊讶的是 常作插入语，位于句首莀 Tohissurprise,shefailedtheexam.蒈 insurprise吃惊地肆 surprising-物Whatsurprisingnews!蒂Surprised- 人besurprisedtodo /besurprisedatsth/ besurprisedthat螀6.muchtoo+形容词或副词， 太.， toomany+可数名词复数，太多袆toomuch+不可数名词，太多 也可做副词 talk/speak/eat/toomuch螅7.enough形容、副词,足够的/地，(1)enough+名词; enoughwater薂

6、 (2)形副+enough; goodenough膁 8.soundlike+名词代词和从句：听起来像薈 Itsoundslikeyoudontknowthetruth. Itsoundslikeagoodidea.薄 Sound(look/feel/taste/smell)+形容词听起来.eg.Themusicsoundsnice.蚂9.need(1).需要，实义动词 人作主语 need+sth，需要某物； need(sb)todosth.需要做某事，芈(2).物作主语；sthneedsdoing/tobedone ; Theroomneedscleaning/tobecleaned.肆 (

7、3)情态动词,多用于否定句或疑问句NeedIstayhere?-Yes,youmust./No,youneedt.莃10.agree同意，赞同-disagree(反义词) agreewithsb.同意某人 agreetodo.同意做某事螁 11.rightaway=rightnow=atonce，意为马上。虿12.advice(不可数n.)建议,意见 apieceofadvice一条建议 some advice 一些建议螈 givesb.adviceonsth./takeonesadvice莆advise v. advisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事 （不定式做宾语补足语）袁 adv

8、isedoingsth.建议做某事 （动名词作宾语）肀13.hurt及物动词（vt.），使疼痛，受伤， Hehurthisleg. Hehurtherfeelings.芆不及物动词（vi.)，（部位）疼。 Hisleghurtbadly.膅14.hit-hit（过去式）（用手或器具）打；击打 Theboyhitthedogwithastone.羁 hitsb.onthehead/nose/back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背， on用在所打较硬的部位；蒁 hitsb.intheface/eye/stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子， in用在所打较软的部位。羈当名词用时； gethitonthe

9、head头部受到撞击袄15.seesbdoingsth看见某人正在做某事（强调瞬间动作） Isawaboyplayingfootballnearmyhome.羁 Seesbdosth 看见某人做某事（强调整个过程） Wesawhimcrosstheroad.袂 16.shouttosb向某人喊话莅 shoutatsb冲某人叫喊（贬义）羇 shoutforhelp大声呼救肁 17.expectsbtodosth期待某人去做某事。聿18.thinkabout（+doing）考虑 thinkof 想起，认为 thinkover 仔细考虑 thinkup 想出肇19.fall down（+from）摔

10、倒，跌倒 fallbehind 落后，跟不上 fallinto落入 fallasleep入睡蚅 fallinlovewith 爱上 falloff从跌落下来膁 20.重点语法葿【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。衿 数蒄第一人称 芁第二人称 袀第三人称人称芇单数 芃myself 莁yourself 芁himself herself itself罿复数 芆ourselves 蒀yourselves 莈themselves蒇用在某些固定短语当中。肅如： lookafteroneself/takecareofoneself 照顾自己薀te

11、achoneselfsth./learnsth.byoneself 自学蝿enjoyoneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快腿 helponeselftosth请自用（随便吃/喝些）.袄 hurtoneself摔伤自己袄 saytooneself自言自语膀 leavesb.byoneself把某人单独留下蚇 buyoneselfsth.给自己买东西袇introduceoneself 介绍自己羄【提醒】薁 1.反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。荿 如：我自己能完成作业。蚆（误）Myselfcanfinishmyhomework.肄(正) Imyselfcanfinishmyho

12、mework./Icanfinishmyhomeworkmyself.羂 2.反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。螆 表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用onesown.莄 如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。膄（误）Imdrawingwithmyselfcrayons. (正) Imdrawingwithmyowncrayons.肈作同位语；Didyoumakethecakeyourself? 做表语 Imnotmyselftoday.蒈21.trouble(不可数)；苦恼，问题膃 beintrouble处于困境膄 getintotrouble陷入困境蕿 maket

13、rouble制造麻烦羆 havetrouble/difficulties/problems (in)doingsth 做.有麻烦 做某事有困难膆 22.putonsth在某物上放芄 putsomemedicineonthecut(伤口)羀 putabandageonit在它上面放绷带蚈23.inthesameway以同样的方式 onthewayto在去的路上羅 intheway 挡路 outoftheway 不再碍事莃 bytheway顺便说一下 inthisway 用这种方法莁 inaway在某种程度上膆24.短语toomuch太多liedown躺下螄putsomemedicineon.在.

14、上敷药haveafever发烧蒃takebreaks/takeabreak休息withoutthinkingtwice没多蒈getoff下车takesbtothehospital送某人去医院袈waitfor等待toonessurprise使.惊讶的蒃intime及时thinkabout考虑薃haveaheartproblem患有心脏病getintothetrouble遇到麻烦衿dotherightthing做正确的事情事情falldown摔倒芆put.onsth把.放在某物上gethit/sunburned摔伤/烧伤薆beinterestedin对.感兴趣beusedto习惯于.蚃takeri

15、sks/takearisk挑战loseoneslife失去生命芀becauseof因为runoutof用完肈cutoff切除getoutof从.出来芅 makeadecision/decisions 做决定 beincontrolof 掌管；管理螃 giveup 放弃 getan X-ray拍X光片蚁 takeonestemperature量体温 hotteawithhoney 加蜂蜜的热茶蒅 seeadentist看牙医 getoff下车-geton上车肃 allweekend整个周末 awayfrom 远离螃fortoolong 太长时间 onthesideoftheroad在马路边肁wi

16、thoutthinkingtwice 没多想 getsunburned被晒伤膇haveaheartproblem有心脏病 feelveryhot 感到很热肆 haveanosebleed 流鼻血 cuthisknee 割伤他的膝盖袃 putherheadback 把她的头向后仰 savealife挽救生命羄ontime准时 dotherightthing 做正确的事蚅gomountainclimbing 去爬山薁 gotoadoctor=gotoseeadoctor=gotothedoctors看医生蝿 thanksto多亏,由于（=becauseof=withthehelpof）莅 Sect

17、ionB肃1.sick adj.生病的，有病的。作表语和定语 。ill只能作表语 be/feelsick=beill 恶心的I feel alittle sick.莀 厌倦的besickofI msickofrunning.螈2.beusedtosth./doingsth.习惯于适应做某事(be强调状态 =get=become强调渐变过程 )螆 Heisusedtogettingupearly.袅腿beusedtodosth=beusedforsth/doing被用于做某事 （被动语态）Woodisusedtomakehouses.袈 Usedtodosth过去常常做某事 Heusedtogo

18、toworkbybus.膇3.takearisk=takerisks 冒险 theriskofsth/doing的风险芃 risk(sb.)todosth. 冒险去做某事 atrisk 在危险中膂 4.inaverydangeroussituation在一种非常危险的情况下羈 5.sth.runout某物用完，用尽芄 Whenhiswaterrunout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.羅sb.runoutofsth.人用尽了某物。Herunoutofallhismoneylastnight.羁6blood血，不可数n.。a

19、dropofblood一滴血-bloody有血的，出血的adj.肈7.mean-meantv.意味着做某事meandoingsth蚅打算做meantodosthImeantogotomorrow.蒂meaning可数n. 含义意思。mean形容词：小气的，吝啬的螀 Whatdoyoumeanbytheword?膈=Whatdoesthewordmean?肅=Whatisthemeaningoftheword?膄 8.theimportanceof(doing)sth.（做）某事的重要性螂 Westudentsshouldknowtheimportanceof(learning)English.

20、芈 Doyouunderstandtheimportanceofstudyinghard?蒆 importancen. 重要（性），importantadj.重要的-unimportant(不)重要的薂9.free形容词：空闲的freetime；免费的Thedrinkisforfree；薁自由的Iwanttobecomeafreebird.莈free【动词】使解脱，得到自由：Hecouldnotfreehisarm.袇10.decision n.决定；抉择； makeadecision做决定莄 makeadecisiontodosth.=decidetodosth芀 =makeuponesmi

21、ngtodosth=determinetodosth下决心做某事莇11.beincontrolof掌管，管理Theheadmasterisincontrolofthisnewschool.肄beoutofcontrol无法控制，无法管理undercontrol在控制之下螂12.death名词（不）-dieHeisafraidofdeath.聿动词-dead形容词-dying 形容词 ：垂死的，临终的Shediedtwoyearsago. Thedogisdead. Itisadyingbird.蒇13.giveup(doing)sth. 放弃（做）某事，蒅 giveup(playing)com

22、putergames / Nevergiveupeasily.14.sothat以便，为的是 （当主句与从句主语一致是 =inorderto=soastoHeworkedhardsothathecouldsucceed.=inorderto/soasto.）15.beinterestedin=takeaninterestin 对感兴趣16. keepondoingsth继续做某事，重复做(有间隔)keepdoingsth(无间断)keepsbdoingsth使某人一直做某事keepsbfromdoingsth 阻止某人做某事17.cutoff 切断 cutdown砍到 cutup切碎cutin插入插话 cutout删掉 cut。into把切成18.minddoingsth 介意做某事19.loseonesway=getlost迷路 losetosb输给某人20.almost几乎，差不多。指程度上的空间距离，时间长短等用于be,助动词，情态动词后，使役动词前