状语从句.docx

1、状语从句状语从句时间状语从句一 when, while 和as1. when既可以引导一个持续动作，也可以引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生，也可用于从句动作先于主句动作。如：When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.When the film ended, the people went back.2. 从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如：Please dont talk so loud while others are working.3. 从属连词as可表示从

2、句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时发生，可译为“一边一边”或“随着”如：He hurried home, looking behind as he went.As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer.4. 如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when, while 与as 可互换使用。如：When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.二、as soon as, immediat

3、ely, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute,the instant，no soonerthan,hardly/scarcelywhen和once(一就)这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一就。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。如：The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.The boy burst into tears

4、 immediately he saw his mother.注意：no soonerthan;hardly/scarcelywhen这一结构的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely引导的句子的谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。如：I had hardly got home when it began to rain.Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.三、till, until和 notuntil1.肯定句：主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句

5、、从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如：He remained there until/till she arrived.You may stay here until/till the rain stops.2.否定句：主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：He wont go to bed till/until she returns.3. notuntil句型中的强调和倒装用法：直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。1 It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.

6、(强调句型)2 Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.( Not until置于句首，主句要倒装)四、before和since1.若表达“还未就；不到就；才；还没来得及”时，需用连词before。如：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.我们航行了4天4夜才看到陆地。We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。Before I could get in a word, he had meas

7、ured me.我还没来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。Before they reached the station, the train had gone.他们（还没）到火车站前，火车已开走了。2.It will be +一段时间+before还要多久才如：It will be half a year before I come back.还得再过半年我才能回来。It wont be long before we meet again.过不了多长时间我们就会再见面了。4.since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反复发生的动作。Since 从句的时态若是一般过

8、去时，相应的，主句中的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。如：I have written home four times since I came here.自从我来到这儿，我已经给家里写过四封信了。She has been working in this factory since ten years ago.自从十年前以来她一直在这个工厂工作。5.在“It is +一段时间+since从句”句型中，其句意取决于从句的谓语动词是否可延续。如：It is three years since the war broke out. 自战争爆发以来有三年了。 It is three years si

9、nce I smoked a cigar（=since I stopped smoking a cigar）.我不吸烟有三年了。如果译成“我吸烟有三年了”应为：It is three years since I began to smoke.英译汉：It is three years since she was in our class._It is three years since he lived here._五、every time ,each time ,next time ,the first time ,any time 等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当；每次；下次”等

10、。如：Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.每当我处于困境，他就会来帮助我。The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.上次她看见詹姆斯的时候，他正躺在床上。地点状语从句地点状语从句表示地点、 方位， 这类从句通常由where引导。如： Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者， 事竟成。 They will go where they are happy. 他们想到他们觉得快乐的地方去。 (1)地点状语从句由

11、where，wherever，引导，如： We must camp where we can get water. 我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。 （2）地点状语从句与定语从句的区别 （主要区别在于分句在句中作什么成分。作状语，则是状语从句；作定语修饰名词，则是定语从句） where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；而状语从句前则无需先行词。如： Go back where you came from. (where引导地点状语从句） 你从何处来到何处去。 Go back to the village where you came from.(where引导定语从句，修饰v

12、illage) 回到你来的那个村子里去。 原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, since, now that, as for, seeing that, considering that等,每个连词的含义不尽相同。1.because引导的从句是说话人强调的重点，主句则是次要的。用why提出问题时，只能用because回答。如：Why are you absent from the meeting?Because I am ill.2.since所表示的原因是稍加分析后而推断出来的原因。Since比as更正式一些。在语义上，assincebecause依次增强。Since

13、 you know everything, why do you ask me?3.as所表示的原因往往比较明显，为大家所共知的理由。As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.4.Now that表示刚发生的新的原因。Now that/Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting.5. for常用来表示原因，但for是并列连词，它连接两个并列的分句，因此不能把for和它后面的分句放到句首。for所说的理由是一种补充说明，或是一种推理性的理由。The day might have broken,

14、for the birds were singing.条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless(=ifnot如果不；除非；否则)，so/as long as(只要)，in case(万一)，on condition that(条件是)，suppose/supposing(假设，如果)，provided that(如果)等。如：Youll fail the exam unless you study hard(=if you dont study hard).As long as you dont lose heart, you will succeed.Suppose/S

15、upposing(that)they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?In case there is a fire, what will we do first?让步状语从句1. although/though(尽管，虽然)，even though/even if（即使）引导的让步状语从句although与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet, still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。如：He is unhappy, though/although he has a lot of money.Alt

16、hough/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.Even though/if it is raining, well go there.(陈述语气)2. as或though 引导让步状语从句时倒装的情况as或though从句一般放在主句之前，常用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语、或动词原形置于句首。若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。如：Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.Much as/though I like it, I wont buy it, for its t

17、oo expensive.Try as he might, Tom could not find a job.3. whetheror(不管还是)；疑问词+-ever与no matter+疑问词（不管；无论）。如：Whether you believe it or not, it is true.Whatever(=No matter what)you say, he wont believe you.Whoever you are(=No matter who you are), you must obey the rules.注意：whoever, whatever, whomever,

18、whichever还可以引导名词性从句。如：You can take whatever you like.4. when, while也可作从属连词，相当于although.Suddenly, she stopped short when she ought to have continued.尽管她应该继续下去，她却突然停住了。While I admit that there are problems, I dont agree that they cannot be solved.尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。 目的状语从句目的状语从句：从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓

19、语动词发生的目的的。 引导目的状语从句常用的连词有：so that（以便）， in order that（为了；以便），for fear that（生怕；以免）；Say it louder (so) that everyone can hear you. 大声说，以便大家都能听到你。 目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。 例如： You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. He wrote the name down for

20、fear that (lest) he should forget it. 学习目的状语从句应注意以下两点： （1）目的状语从句中常含can, could, may, might, should等情态动词。 I got up early so that I could catch the first bus. 我起得很早，目的是为了赶上头班公共汽车。 【注意】in order that与in order to的区别： in order that+从句 in order to+动词原形 目的状语从句的一个特点： 由于目的都是未来的行为，所以从句中一般用表示未来可能性时态，比如上面两句中的coul

21、d。 当然还可以用will, would, can等。结果状语从句1. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that, sothat, suchthat。在非正式语体中，由sothat, suchthat引导的句子中that可以省略，注意其结构形式：So+形容词/副词+that从句So+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句So+ many/much/few/little+名词+that从句such +a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+ that从句such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+ that从句such +a lot of+名词+ that从句如：Mike is such an

22、 honest worker that we all believe him.=Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都相信他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。如：So clever a student was he that he was ab

23、le to work out all the difficult problems.2. 除结果状语从句外，tooto（太而不能），enough to(达到某种程度可以)，soas to(那么以至于)等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。如：他起床太晚了，没有赶上那班公共汽车。He didnt get up early enough to catch the bus.=He got up too late to catch the bus.= He got up so late as to miss the bus.方式状语从句方式状语从句常见的引导词有表示“像”的as和表示“好像”的as if/as

24、 though，如： Lets study as Lei Feng studied. 让我们像雷锋那样学习吧 Think as I think. 像我这样去想。He talks as if/though he is drunk.从他谈话的样子来看他好像醉了。（虚拟语气） 方式状语从句通常由as, (just) asso, as if, as though引导。 1 as, (just) asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) asso结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是正如，就像，多用于正式文体，例如： Always do to the others as y

25、ou would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。 2 as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作仿佛似的，好像似的，如： They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lig

26、htning. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。） 说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如： He stared at me as if seeing me for the first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。 He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。 The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。