英语单词变化规则大汇总.docx

1、英语单词变化规则大汇总 集团档案编码：YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08英语单词变化规则大汇总英语单词的各种变化规则一、名词复数变化：(一)规则变化情况构成方法例词读音一般情况在词尾加-sdeskdesksmapmaps-s在清辅音后发/s/daydaysgirlgirls-s在元音和浊辅音后发/z/以s，x，ch，sh结尾的词在词尾加-esbusbusesboxboxeswatchwatchesfishfishes-es发/iz/音以辅音字母加-y结尾的词变y为i再加-esfamilyfamiliesfactoryfactoriespartypatries-ies发/i

2、z/音以元音字母加-y结尾的词在词尾加-sdaydaysboyboyskeykeys-s发/z/音以f或fe结尾的词变f或fe为v再加-esknifekniveslifeliveswifewiveshalfhalves-ves发/vz/音以辅音字母加-o结尾的词在词尾加-espotatopotatoestomatotomatoesheroheroes-es发/z/音以元音字母加-o结尾的词在词尾加-sradioradioszoozoos-s发/z/音注：以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加s读/iz/license-licenses巧记以ffe结尾的可数名词复数1)妻子骑牛拿起刀，wif

3、e，calf，knife2)追得贼狼满街跑，thief，wolf变f或fe为v，再加es3)碰倒架子丧己命，shelf,self，life4)手帕树叶半空飘。handkerchief,leaf,half（二）名词复数的不规则变化：1childchildren（儿童）manmen（男人）womanwomen（女人）anEnglishmantwoEnglishmen（英国人）footfeet（脚）toothteeth（牙）mousemice（老鼠）oxoxen（公牛）goosegeese（鹅）2同形deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese，Swiss，species，mea

4、ns除，、等都有复数形式。如：adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers3，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。peoplepolicecattle是复数（Correctness：aperson，apoliceman，aheadofcattle,theEnglish，theBritish，theFrench，theChinese，theJapanese，theSwiss）（Error：apeople，apolice，acattle）表示国民总称时，作复数用。（TheChineseareindustriousandbrave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。）4以s结尾，仍为单数的名词

5、1)maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。2)news是不可数名词。5.表示由两部分构成的东西，glasses（眼镜）trousers（长裤）clothes（衣服）若表达具体数目，要借助pair（对，双）apairofglasses,twopairsoftrouserssuit（套）6另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思goods（货物）waters（水域）fishes（各种鱼）练习：写出下列各词的复数I_him_this_her_watch_child_photo_diary_day_foot_book_dress_tooth_sheep_b

6、ox_strawberry_thief_fish_peach_sandwich_man_woman_paper_juice_water_milk_rice_tea_二、序数词变化规则（一）一般化规则：基数词+th序数词（规则变化）four(四）fourth(第四）six(六)sixth(第六）seven(七）seventh（第七）ten(十）tenth（第十）eleven(十一）eleventh（第十一）（二）*不规则变化的one(一）first(第一）twenty-onetwenty-firsttwo(二）second(第二）three(三）third(第三)five（五）fifth（第五）

7、eight（八）eighth(第八）fifty-eightfifty-eighthnine(九）ninth（第九）twelve(十二）twelfth(第十二）（三）从1319的基数词，都在个位数后加teen构成14fourteen15fifteen16sixteen17seventeen18eighteen19nineteen（四）整十的序数词，变y为ie再加th20twentytwentieth第二十30thirtythirtieth第三十40fortyfortieth第十四50fiftyfiftieth第五十60sixtysixtieth第六十70seventyseventieth第七十8

8、0eighteightieth第八十90ninetyninetieth第九十（五）分数的表达：分子用：基数词分母用：序数词特别要注意：当分子大于1时，分母要用：复数1/2onesecond;ahalf;1/4aquarter;3/4threequarters7/8seveneighths3/5threefifths（六）加减乘除表达adecimalnumber小数afraction分数apercentage百分数aoddnumber奇数anevennumber偶数degrees度数1)加:and;plus;addto2+4=6Twoandfouris/equalssix.或Twoplusfou

9、ris/equalssix.或Twoaddedtofourequalssix.2)减：minus;subtractfrom8-3=5Eightminusthreeis/equalsfive.或Threesubtractedfromeightisfive.3)乘：multiply.by;multipliedby/times35=15Multiplythreebyfiveis/equalsfifteen.或Threemultipliedbyfiveis/equalsfifteen.4)除：divideby./divide.by.248=3Twenty-fourdividedbyeightis/eq

10、ualsthree.或Divide24by8is/equalsthree.三形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则：1.一般在词尾加er/est；2.以字母e结尾，加r/st；3.以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er/st；原级比较级最高级slimslimmerslimmestbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnestwetwetterwettestredredderreddestsadsaddersaddest4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er/st5.多音节词.和部

11、分双音节词，在单词前面加more或mostimportantmoreimportantmostimportantdifficultmoredifficultmostdifficultinterestingmoreinterestingmostinterestingusefulmoreusefulmostusefulbeautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautiful6不规则形容词比较级：原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder/elderoldest

12、/eldestredredderreddestfarfurther/fartherfurthest/farthest写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级old_young_tall_long_short_strong_big_small_fat_thin_heavy_light_nice_good_beautiful_high_slow_fast_low_late_early_far_well_四动词第三人称单数变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks2以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-

13、watches,go-goes3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：study-studies写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink_go_stay_make_look_have_pass_carry_come_watch_plant_fly_study_brush_do_teach_五动词现在分词加ing的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3.以ie结尾的动词，把ie变为y再加ing。如：lie-lying平躺/说谎tie-tying系，捆（鞋带，领带）die-d

14、ying死4如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，这类动词有：Begin-beginning开始cut-cutting剪、切dig-digging挖get-getting获得、得到、取hit-hitting击、打、撞let-letting让put-putting放run-running跑set-setting设置、套shut-shutting关闭、闭sit-sitting坐babysit-babysitting临时受顾照看婴儿、照看小孩spit-spitting吐痰、吐split-splitting劈、分裂skip-skipping跳绳swim-swimming

15、游、游泳win-winning赢、获胜shop-shopping购物、逛商店prefer-preferring更喜欢.Step-stepping踩、踏Refer-referring参考、查阅Dip-dipping浸、泡、醮、舀（取）、吸出、掏Mop-mopping用拖把拖、洗、擦、抹、（另：猫扑）Nod-nodding点头Fret-fretting（使）烦恼（烦恼）、（使）烦躁，（使）发愁，Kidnap-kidnapping绑架Nap-napping小睡、打盹Rot-rotting腐蚀、腐烂Spot-spotting玷污Hiccup-hiccupping打嗝beg-begging乞求、乞讨dr

16、ip-dripping（雨）滴落、滴下、滴dot-dotting打点、打句号drop-dropping坠落、落下fit-fitting适合、合适hug-hugged拥抱、怀抱、紧抱、抱有、持有plan-planning计划、打算pat-patting轻拍（打）、抚拍rid-ridding（使）免除、（使）摆脱、去掉rob-robbing抢劫、动掠、盗取、剥夺reset-resetting重排（放、植）、重接（断骨）regret-regretting遗憾、懊悔、感到后悔（抱歉）stop-stopping停止、停下、住手stir-stirring搅拌、搅动、拨动、传布rub-rubbing擦（上）

17、、摩擦、擦到travel-travel(l)ing旅行、行进、步行、交往whip-whipping揩、擦（汗、水）Slip-slipping滑倒、跌倒Wrap-wrapping包装打包、包、裹、缠（绕）、卷写出下列动词的现在分词：play_run_swim_make_go_like_write_ski_read_have_sing_dance_put_see_buy_love_live_take_come_get_stop_sit_begin_shop_四动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked2结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted

18、3以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied4末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如beg-begged乞求、乞讨dip-dipped浸、泡、醮、舀（取）、吸出、掏dot-dotted打点、打句号drip-dripped（雨）滴落、滴下、滴drop-dropped坠落、落下fit-fitted适合、合适hiccup-hiccupped打嗝hug-hugged拥抱、怀抱、紧抱、抱有、持有kidnap-kidnapped绑架mop-mopped用拖把拖、洗、擦、抹、（另：猫扑）nap-napped小睡、打盹nod-n

19、odded点头pat-patted轻拍（打）、抚拍plan-planned计划、打算prefer-preferred更喜欢.refer-referred参考、查阅regret-regretted遗憾、懊悔、感到后悔（抱歉）rid-ridded（使）免除、（使）摆脱、去掉rob-robbed抢劫、动掠、盗取、剥夺rot-rotted腐蚀、腐烂rub-rubbed擦（上）、摩擦、擦到shop-shopped购物、逛商店slip-slipped滑倒、跌倒skip-skipped跳绳spot-spotted玷污step-stepped踩、踏stir-stirred搅拌、搅动、拨动、传布stop-sto

20、pped停止、停下、住手trip-tripped绊倒travel-travel(l)ed旅行、行进、步行、交往whip-whipped揩、擦（汗、水）wrap-wrapped包装打包、包、裹、缠（绕）、卷5不规则动词过去式：1.AAA动词原形过去式过去分词costkstcostkstcostkst花费cutktcutktcutkt割，切hurth:thurth:thurth:t受伤hithithithithithit打，撞letletletletletlet让putputputputputput放下readri:dreadri:dreadri:d读setsetsetsetsetset安排，安置

21、spreadspredspreadspredspreadspred展开，传播，涂spitspitspit/spatspitspit/spatspit吐痰,shuttshuttshutt关上,闭起,停止营业2.AAB动词原形过去式过去分词beatbi:tbeatbi:tbeatenbi:tn打败3.ABA动词原形过去式过去分词becomebikmbecamebikeimbecomebikm变comekmcamekeimcomekm来runrnranrnrunrn跑4.ABB（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d,t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词burnb:nburntb:ntbu

22、rntb:nt燃烧dealdi:ldealtdeltdealtdelt解决dreamdri:mdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamtdremt做梦hearhiheardh:dheardh:d听见hanghhanged/hunghhanged/hung绞死，悬挂learnl:nlearned/learntl:ntlearned/learntl:nt学习lightlaitlit/lightedlitlit/lightedlit点燃,照亮meanmi:nmeantmentmeantment意思provepru:vprovedproven/provedpru:vn证明,证实,试验sh

23、ineainshone/shinedshone/shinedun,n使照耀，使发光showushowedshowed/shownun展示,给.看smellsmelsmelled/smeltsmeltsmelled/smeltsmelt闻,嗅speedspi:dspedsped/speededsped/speededsped加速spellspelspelled/speltspeltspelled/speltspelt拼写wakeweikwaked/wokewukwaked/wokenwukn醒来，叫醒,激发（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去

24、分词buildbildbuiltbiltbuiltbilt建筑lendlendlentlentlentlent借给rebuild,ri:bildrebuilt,ri:biltrebuilt,ri:bilt改建,重建sendsendsentsentsentsent送spendspendspentspentspentspent花费（3）原形oughtought动词原形过去式过去分词bringbribroughtbr:tbroughtbr:t带来buybaiboughtb:tboughtb:t买fightfaitfoughtf:tfoughtf:t打架thinkikthought:tthought:t思考,想(4)原形aughtaught动词原形过去式过去分词catchktcaughtk:tcaughtk:t捉,抓teachti:ttaughtt:ttaughtt:t教（5）变其中一个元音字母动词原形过去式过去分词digdidugddugd掘(土),挖(洞、沟等)feedfi:dfedfedfedfed喂findfaindfoundfound发现，找到getetgottgot/gottentn得到holdhuldheldheldheldheld拥有，握住，支持leadli:dledledledled引导,带领,领导meetmi:tmetmet