口译笔记符号.docx

1、口译笔记符号口译笔记符号热2已有 40 次阅读 2009-09-22 21:32 标签: 笔记 符号 口译 英语划分句子成分的标点符号主语：词下双划线，词后单竖线；谓语：词下波浪线；宾语：词下单划线；定语：词的两端用园括号；状语：词的两端用尖括号；补语：词的两端用方括号。主语用双横线 谓语用单横线 宾语用波浪线 定语用小括号 状语用中括号 补语用单书名号组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。 顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，

2、不定式等充当。 HelikeswatchingTV.他喜欢看电视。 2、谓语 谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。 一般可分为两类： 1)，简单谓语 由动词(或短语动词)构成。 可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。 Westudyforthepeople.我们为人民学习。 2)，复合谓语：情态动词不定式 IcanspeakalittleEnglish.我可以说一点英语。 3、表语 表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。 Mysisterisanurse.我姐姐是护士。 4、宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物

3、动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。 WelikeEnglish.我们喜欢英语。 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 Hegavemesomeink.他给了我一点墨水。 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如： Wemakehimourmonitor.我们选他当班长。 5、定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。 Heisanewstudent

4、.他是个新生。 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。 Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。 6、状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 HelivesinLondon.他住在伦敦。 7.补语 用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作，因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整，如：make(使.),ask(请)等等。如果我们说：我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说：我们使我们的祖国更美

5、丽。这是的“美丽的（beautiful)”为形容词做补语，说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:We will make our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为：形容词，副词，名词，不定式，ing形式，数词等。 8.宾补 就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的 例：I know you are student good at maths 在这个句子中，good at maths 就是补语。 宾语补语也可以是句子，所以这个句子也可以是： I know you are student who is good at maths 还可以是-ing 形式 I see you cros

6、sing the street 简单说就是补充和说明主语和宾语的成分.因此,就出现了主语补足语和宾语补足语.上面两位举的例子都不错.只是热雪冰冷的宾补的句子例子不是很恰当哦.他的例子是定语从句 啊 还有 主语补足语可以是表语 例如:Tom is a student.student是对Tom的解释与说明. 另外,Tom was seen playing on the playground.这个句子中playing是对Tom的解释说明是主补Note taking 1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbrevi

7、ations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math - these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequency Leave out period

8、s in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = department Use only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservative

9、Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetition Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to

10、give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.amt = amountcontd = continuedgovt = governmenteducatl = educational. so that YOUTH is not wasted on the young Form the plural of a symbol or ab

11、breviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductions Use g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimenting Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key. Abbreviations or symbols for short word

12、s will make the notes too dense with shorthand. Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the. If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS

13、 thereafter. Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against = therefore= = is or equal Use technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = water More reference:Use standard math, acc

14、ounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus/ parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable an

15、d the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTodistinguish among various forms of the same word, use the firstsyllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word.Examples:techgy technologygenion generalisationdely deliveryUse just enough of the

16、 beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmitvowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants toprovide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of

17、a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse g to represent ing endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out

18、unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIfa term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during thetalk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase,or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition word

19、s. Examples: at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreateyour own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to developseparate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses orsubjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of resulting in -and / also +equal

20、 to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than especially esp 2. The following text is written by JEFFERY Guo 一、 缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：F拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receiveF保留前几个字母INFO i

21、nformationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL peopleF根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词 原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possibleAMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As s

22、oon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concernedCOND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT Fli

23、ghtFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your referenceGD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMP(T) ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS InsuranceINTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view ofMANUF ManufactureMDL ModelMEMO MemorandumMGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT Market

24、MSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS(BL) PossiblePROD ProductQLTY QualityQUTY QuantityRCV ReceiveREF ReferenceREGL RegularREP RepresentativeRESN ReservationRPT RepeatRESPON ResponsibleSEC SectionS

25、ITN SituationSTD StandardTEL TelephoneTEMP TemporaryTGM TelegraphTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large 二、 字母、图像Z表示“人”people/person，因为“Z”看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如：日本人：JZ。C表示政府，统治：government，govern希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government,所以就用C来表示govern,

26、 government。governmental official可以表示为 CZP表示政治：politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。那么politician就可以表示为 PZE表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E数学符号表示总值。G表示效率：efficient, effective。G为效率符号。Q表示“通货膨胀”：inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。A表示农业: agriculture

27、. agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代替。B表示商业：business。C表示冲突，矛盾：conflict，confrontation“C”中的“”表示反对，字母“C”将反对的概念缩小为conflict和 confrontation。W表示工作，职业: work, employ等。它是work的第一个字母。所以WZ就可以用来表示worker,而W(Z在字母上方表示employer,在字母下方表示employee)。i表示工业: industry, industrial字母i像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。UU看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议（treaty,agreemen

28、t）一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示“举杯祝贺”。如果在U内填入2，就可以表示为bilateral（双边的）,填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)。填入在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism（单边主义），填入m (multiple)表示多边主义。如果在U上加一个“/”表示谈判破裂。O表示“国家”、“民族”、“领土”等：country, state, nation, etc.gO表示进口，Og表示出口这个符号酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、主办：chair, host, preside over。那么在此符号上加Z表示XXXXX，主持人：chairman, host, etc.T

29、表示“领导人”：leader, head那么head of government, head of company便可以表示为 CT圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一点表示一盆花，这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等：meeting，conference， negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposiumk这个符号看上像条鱼，所以表示“捕鱼业STD StandardTEL TelephoneTEMP TemporaryTGM TelegraphTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK Week

30、WL WillWT WeightXL Extra large 二、 字母、图像Z表示“人”people/person，因为“Z”看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如：日本人：JZ。C表示政府，统治：government，govern希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government,所以就用C来表示govern, government。governmental official可以表示为 CZP表示政治：politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。那么politician就可以表示为 PZE表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E数学符号表示总值。G表示效率：efficient, effective。G为效率符号。Q表示“通货膨胀”：inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。A表示农业: agricultur