小学语法形容词和副词.docx

1、小学语法形容词和副词 第五章 形容词和副词1、形容词、副词概述1、形容词定义： 形容词(adjective)，简称adj， 用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。2、副词定义 ： 副词(adverb)，简称adv，用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，表示时间、频率、范围、语气、程度等。二、形容词、副词考点纵览知识点考点考点对应典型例题剖析考点一：形容词的功能及位置考点1：形容词作定语。形容词作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。He lives in a beautiful house. 他住在一座漂亮的房子里。There is nothing important in todays ne

2、ws. 今天报纸上没有什么重要内容。典型例题 1It is a kind of _ (health) food.答案： healthy典型例题 2Do you know _ in this fieldA. anybody famous B. famous anybodyC. somebody famous D. famous somebody答案：A典型例题 3We all like Julia, because she is a _ girl.A. alike B. lovely C. awake D. well答案：B考点2：形容词作表语。形容词作表语，放在系动词（be, feel, lo

3、ok, smell, taste, sound, get, become, keep, turn, seem等）之后。Everything will be all right. 一切都会好的。After a long walk, I felt tired. 走了很远的一段路后我累了。表语形容词只能做表语或后置定语，这类词多半是以a-开头的形容词。 alone 单独的 asleep 熟睡的 awake 醒着的alike 相似的 afraid 害怕的 alive 活着的She was alone at home. 她独自一人在家。I was awake all night. 我整个晚上都没合眼。T

4、he girl awake is his younger sister. 那个醒着的女孩是他的妹妹。典型例题 1-What do you think of the cake-It tastes _.A. good B. badly C. well D. terribly答案：A典型例题 2The_ girl was smiling. She looked very _.A. asleep, happy B. slept, sad C. sleeping, happy D. sleep, angrily答案：C典型例题 3We should keep _ in the reading room.

5、A. quite B. quietly C. quiet D. quickly 答案：C考点3：形容词作宾语补足语。形容词做宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make, leave, keep, find等动词连用。He keeps the classroom clean every day. 他们每天保持教室干净。People usually keep the vegetables fresh in the fridge. 人们常把蔬菜放在冰箱里保鲜。典型例题 1It is good to leave the door _ when it is very cold.A. open B. open

6、ed C. close D. closed答案：D典型例题 2We all love Miss Yang. She always makes her history class very _.A. interest B. interests C. interesting D. interested答案：C典型例题 3I found the door _ when I got home.A. opened B. close C. unlocking D. open答案：D考点4：形容词的名词化。“the+形容词”具有名词特征，表示一类人或事物。如the old (dead, rich, poor

7、, sick, beautiful, new.)当表示一类人或事物作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。The blind are taken good care of in our country. 在我们国家盲人受到很好的照顾。当表示抽象概念时，谓语用单数。The beautiful is not always the useful. 美丽的并不总是有用的。考点5：形容词的先后顺序。如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时, 形容词的先后顺序由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定, 越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面, 音节多的形容词放在后面。为方

8、便记忆，可记住一句话：美小圆旧黄，法国木书房。限定词数词性状形容词冠词指示代词物主代词序数词基数词描绘性形容词形状大小长短高低年龄新旧温度颜色国籍地区出处材料物质目的用途a(n)thethismyfirstsecondthirdonetwogoodkindsickrudenicelittlebiglargelongroundsquareoldnewhotcoldredblackBritishChineseAsianeasternstonesilkwritingmedical典型例题 1John Smith, a successful businessman, has a _ car.A. la

9、rge German white B. large white GermanC. white large German D. German large white 答案：B典型例题 2There are dinner tables on display in the hall.A. two big round new Chinese wooden B. two Chinese big round new woodenC. big round new Chinese two woodenD. big round new two wooden Chinese答案：A典型例题 3Mr. Brown

10、has car.A. a beautiful new AmericanB. a new American beautifulC. a new beautiful AmericanD. an American beautiful new答案：A考点二：副词的功能及位置考点1：副词的分类及位置。表示类别例句时间now, then, before, ago, early, lately, late, yesterday地点here, there, above, below, down, up, downstairs, upstairs程度very, much, so, too, quite, fai

11、rly, rather频率always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, seldom, hardly, never方式fast, quickly, slowly, happily, quietly评注honestly, maybe, generally举例for example, such as.疑问when, where, why, how联系therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover, still位置：1.一般副词做状语时放在谓语动词之后，如谓语动词后带有宾语，放在宾语后。2.频率副词放在be动词

12、、助动词或情态动词之后，行为动词之前。3.某些逻辑连接副词，为了强调上下句衔接，放在句子前。 修饰形容词和副词时，要放在所修饰词之后。典型例句 They are laughing happily. 他们在高兴地大笑。Im doing my homework carefully. 我在认真的做作业。She is never late for school. 她上学从不迟到。We often go out for a walk after supper. 晚饭后我们常常去散步。He got up early enough to catch the bus. 他起得足够早，可以赶上公交车。考点三：形

13、容词副词比较级、最高级考点1：形容词、副词比较级的变化规则。（1） 规则变化构成法原级比较级最高级单音节词+er/estshortshortershortestcoldcoldercoldest以不发音e结尾的词+r/stwidewiderwidestlargelargerlargest单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写末尾辅音字母+er/estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i+er/estheavyheavierheaviestbusybusierbusiest多音节词在前面+more/mostimportantmore im

14、portantmost importantbeautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest典型例题 1I wish you do talking and some more work. Actions speak louder than words.A. less B.

15、 much C. more D. little答案：A典型例题 2There are people in China than in India. That means the population of China is than that of India.A. much; smaller B. more; large C. bigger; more D. more; larger答案：D典型例题 3We have sent some books to the children in that village. However, they still need (many).答案：more

16、考点2：形容词、副词原级用法。表示二者在性质和程度上相同时，用“as + adj./adv.原级 + as”结构。He runs as fast as you. 他跑的和你一样快。Nothing can be so simple as this. 再没有比这更简单的了。表示“不如”或“不相等”，用“not as/so + adj./adv.原级 + as”或“less + adj./adv.原级 + than”结构。This picture is not so good as that one.这幅画没有那幅画好。He doesnt write as carefully as his sist

17、er. 他写字不如她妹妹细心。表示“A是B的倍”时，用“A + is + 倍数 + as + adj./adv.原级 + as +B”结构。（一半half；两倍twice；三倍及以上：基数词+times）。Our school is twice as large as theirs. 我们学校是他们学校两倍大。 典型例题 1John is the tallest boy in the class, _ according to himself.A. five feet eight as tall as B. as tall as five feet eight C. as five feet

18、eight tall as D. as tall five feet eight as答案：B典型例题 2He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _ a native speaker.A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than答案：C典型例题 3We have planted _ as _ trees as they have.A. two times; much B. two times; more C. twice; many

19、 D. twice; more答案：C考点3：形容词、副词比较级用法。比较级用于两者进行比较，结构为“A is 比较级 than B”。My bike is more beautiful than hers. 我的自行车比她的漂亮。He works harder than before. 他工作比以前努力。表示两者之间选择，用“which/who is 比较级，A or B”表示两者之间比较，用“the + 比较级”结构。Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth 哪个离太阳更近，月球还是地球He is the thinner of th

20、e two. 他是两人中较瘦的那个。 “越来越”用“比较级and 比较级”结构，多音节和部分双音节词用“more and more 原级”。The weather is becoming colder and colder. 天气变得越来越冷了。She is becoming more and more beautiful. 她变得越来越美了。表示“越越”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构。The more careful you are, the more points you will get. 你越细心，得分越多。典型例题 1Of the two sisters, Betty

21、is _ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest答案：C典型例题 2Its believed that _ you work, _ result youll get.A. the harder; the better B. the more hard; the more better C. the harder; a better D. more hard; more better答案：A典型例题 3Your stor

22、y is perfect; Ive never heard _ before.A. the better one B. the best one C. a better one D. a good one答案：C考点4：形容词、副词最高级用法。表示三者及以上人或物进行比较时用最高级，结构为“the + 最高级+in/of + 范围”。The picture is the best of all. 这幅画是所有画中最好的。She is the most beautiful girl in the class. 她是班上最美的女孩。She is my best friend. 她是我最好的朋友。表

23、示在三者及以上之间选择，用“which/who is the 最高级，A, B or C”。Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill 汤姆、凯特、比尔，谁最高 “最之一”用“one of the最高级+ 可数名词复数”结构。She is one of the most popular teachers in our school. 她是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。形容词最高级前面加序数词，表示“第几最”。She is the second tallest girl in our class. 她是我班上第二高的女孩。典型例题 1He is taller tha

24、n any other boy in our class. (同义句转换)答案：He is the tallest boy in our class.典型例题 2Which is , Ann, Susie or TinaA. the shorter B. the shortest C. the most shortest D. short答案：B典型例题 3She is one of in our class.A. a good student B. the best student C. best students D. the best students答案：D三、综合练习( ) 1. H

25、ow beautifully she sings! I have never heard _ voice.A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best ( ) 2. She looks very _ but I cant remember her name.A. similar B. familiar C. friendly D. strange ( ) 3. Children all looked _ at the broken model plane and felt quite _.A. sad; sad B. sadly; sadly

26、C. sad; sadly D. sadly; sad( ) 4. The child dreamed that he had once lived in a _ house in the forest.A. wooden pretty little B. little pretty woodenC. pretty little wooden D. wooden little pretty( ) 5. -Which team is _ to win the game-I dont know, but Ive found _ for ours to win. A. probable; it un

27、likely B. likely; it possible C. possible; it possible D. likely; it possibly ( ) 6. With the development of the Internet, _ communication is done by regular mail.A. less B. more C. little D. few( ) 7. -If you dont like the red coat, take the blue one.-OK, but do you have _ size in blue This ones a

28、bit tight for me.A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger( ) 8. If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time( ) 9. This dress is prettier, but it costs _ that one.A. twice more than B. twice as

29、 much asC. as much twice as D. twice so much as( ) are required to take part in the boat raceA. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong youngC. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese( ) 11. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _to carry all the way homeA. much too heavy B. too much heavyC. heavy too much D. too heavy much ( ) 12. Our neighbor has _oursA. as a big house as B. as big a house asC. the same big house as D. a house