职称英语考试复习指导理工类重点词汇.docx

1、职称英语考试复习指导理工类重点词汇1.just，tairjust合乎情理的fair事情公平的2.frank，honest，sincerefrank坦城的honest诚实的sincere真诚的3.admire，respectadmire羡慕respect尊敬4.alter。change，transformalter(局部)发生变化change(整体)发生变化transform(物质本质/性质)发生变化5.cure.healcure治愈疾病heal治愈伤口6.damage，destroydamage(部分)破坏/损坏destroy(彻底地)毁坏7.decrease，deducedecrease在数

2、量和程度上减少deduce在尺寸或速度上减少8.assure，ensure，insureassure使(人)相信，放心，保证ensure确保，保证insure保险9.1ater.1ately，latterlater稍后，以后lately近来，最近latter(多指两者中的)后者1o.adjacent和adjloining这些词都有next to“紧挨”的意思。adiacent毗邻的，邻近的”，但它们可能并不相互直接接触。adioining和contiguous指相互接触，通常之间有一个edge或boundary。11.advise和adviceadvise劝告”(动词);advice劝告”(名

3、词)。12affect和effectaffect影响”vt.，它的第二个意思是“假装”，Though she attectes indifference,I Knew She was really very upseteffect n.“结果”，“效力”。vt.“产生”，“导致”，它比“to cause，to bring out”更为正式。His aim was to effect a radical change in the party structure.13.all ready和alreadyall ready意思是COBpletely prepared”already已经”。He h

4、ad already had his hmeh.14.altogether和all togetheraltogether(in total)“总共”，all together意思是“in a group”。如：We put the sheep all together in one field.这两个词还可以分开。We put all the sheep together in one field.15.besides和besidebesides意思是“in addition to”“加之，还有，另外”;而beside“在旁边”，“在一侧”。Duncan is the tall man sta

5、nding beside my father.站在我爸爸旁边的高个子男子是邓肯。16.coherence和cohesioncoherence统一,一致性”;cohesion结合力，团结”，The cohesion or molecules分子的结合力。pare with和 compare tocompare with和比起来”compare to好比”。He compared the moon to a silver plate.他把月亮比成一个大银盘。18.impel和compelimpel推动，驱使，激励”。impel sb.to do sth.激励某人做某事;compel强迫，胁迫，迫使

6、”。compel sb.to oneg will强迫人服从自己。plement和complimentcomplement补足(物)，补全”，“补足语”。compliment恭维话，赞辞，敬意”;Your presence is a great compliment.承蒙光临，不胜荣幸。2o.continual和continuouscontinual连续，继续”;“频繁的”;continual bouts of toothache一阵接一阵的牙痛。(这中间可能有停顿或间断。)continuous连续”(指从不间断的);weve had three weeks of continuous rain

7、.我们这里连续三周下雨不停。21.might和couldmight表明“possibility”。could应该用来表明permission.Mum said we could(might)go to the football match.22.council和counselcouncil议事机构”，委员会a cabinet council内阁会议。counsel商议，劝告”;follow sb.s counsel close牢记某人忠告。23.economical和economiceconomic经济学的，经济上的”an economic survey of Scotland苏格兰经济调查;

8、an economic block.ade经济封锁;economical节俭的，经济的”;Hes had to learn to be more economical now that his only e is a small pension.24.historical和historichistorical有关历史的，“历史的”，the historical period历史阶段;historical personage历史人物。historic“历史上有名的，有历史意义的”，historic town历史名城。25.infer和implyinfer猜想，臆测”，“推断”;infer a m

9、otive from an effect从效果推知动机。imply“含有的意思”;Do you realize what his words imply?你理解他说话的含意吗?I do not imply that you are wrong.我的意思不是说你错了。26.intense和intensive.intense“激烈的，强烈的”，“紧张的”an intense light强烈的灯光;intense heat酷热;an intense life奋发图强的生活。intensive“加强的，集中的”;“深入细致的，彻底的”;an intensive bombardment密集炮击;an i

10、ntensive study彻底的研究;an intensive reading精读(opp.Extensive reading泛读)。27.apt和prone它们都具有“tending to or in the habit of的意思，但是prone只用于人。Elderly people are prone to falls，often because of arthritic joints or dizziness.28.1oose和loseloose松的，宽的”。lose丢失”;lose oneg balance失去平衡，跌倒;lose oneg head被搞糊涂。29.magical和

11、magic它们都和magic有关系，但是magical也有wonderful，entrancing”的意思。3o.masterly和masterfulmasterly(showing great skill or the skill of a master)“熟练的;名家的”。Masterful(showing power or authority)“主人派头的，专横的”;Youie so strong and masterful.pull round掉头，转向;康复die away(渐渐)消失drop down落下put sb.throu曲为某人接通电话beyond oneg power超出

12、某人的能力ahead 0f schedule提前turn away转变方向;拒绝be answerable for应对.负责glimpse of瞥见，一瞥entitle sb.(t0 do)sth.给予某人(干)某事的权利part with放弃，离开turn back翻过来lay up搁置;贮存be lacking in缺乏in correspondence with与.联系(通信)be it that即使in connection with与相连be advantageous t0对.有利dwell on细想，详解put(set)right使恢复正常，纠正错误0ffthe way远离正道es

13、cape doing sth.躲避干某事within the limit of在范围内g0 dim(大脑)混沌in the mood for sth.对某事有心境set a limit to限制call at访问report报告request请求require要求show(how)/summon传唤teach教tell告诉tempt劝诱train训练urge激励，力说want想要wish希望经典例句：1.They are training these dogs to sniff out drugs.他们训练狗嗅出毒品来。2.11l get somebody to repair the mach

14、ine.我去找人修理机器。3.I recommend you to do what he says.我劝你照他说的去做。4.The radio urged people t0 contribute to the Red Cross.电台要求人们向红十字会捐助。I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。动名词作介词的宾语。几乎所有介词都可用动名词作宾语。主要有以下搭配关系：A：动+介+动名词(we insist on your leaving)B：名词

15、(形容，不及物动词)+介词to(不要把它视为动词不定式的标志)。下面大纲中所列短语中的to为介词：(be)contrary to与相反(be)opposed to反对be used to习惯于resort to诉诸于be accustomed to习惯于be committed to委身于with regard to关于contribute to贡献等with a view to为起见in contrast to与成对比(照)be exposed to/be dedicated to致力=as to关于be devoted to献身于react to对反应look forward to期待Lo

16、ok forward to her coming soon.D：形容词(或具有形容词性质的一ed分词)+介词+ing(详见形容词词组)“should(可省略)+动词原形”用于如下结构中的that从句中： A.用于表示意原、建议、命令、提议，请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，这类动词有：ask要求beg请求demand要求insist坚持move建议，动员advise建议command命令desire渴望intend打算propose提议arrange安排decide决定determine决定maintain坚持，主张objeet反对order命令prefer建议require需要request

17、要求resolve下决心recommend推荐suggest建议stipulate约定规定urge强调，促进vote公认，提议decree颁布(法令)prey请求用于it is+形容词或过去分词+主语从句中，这类形容词或分词有：advisable明智的，合理的decided决定的crucial关键的appropriate恰当的determined决定的commanded命令的arranged安排的essential紧要的，基本的complied遵照anxious焦急的imperative迫切的important重要的desirable合意的better较好的，更好insistent坚持的des

18、ired想要的asked请求keen渴望的incredible难以置信的adamant坚定不移的natural自然的insisted坚持的necessary必要的suggested建议urgent紧迫的ordered命令shocked震惊的vital极其重要的possible可能的strange奇怪的preferable好一点proposed提议proposed提议requested要求的required要求的recommended推荐resolved决定的probable可能的pity可惜，憾事shame遗憾表示建议、要求，命令，请求等含义的名词引导表语从句和同位语从句;常考的有：advic

19、e忠告decision，demand，desire，insistence，motion提议necessity必要性order命令preference偏爱，选择proposal，pray恳求recommendation推荐request要求requirement要求resolution决心suggestion劝告，忠告典型例句：1.He ordered that parking be prohibited on Main street during the rush hour2.It is appropriate that some time be devoted to thorough stu

20、dy of the results of the Aoollo mission.have/gain access to可以获得gain/have an advantage over胜过，优于take advantage of利用，趁之机d0/try ones best尽力，努力make the best of充分利用，妥善处理catch ones breath屏息，歇口气take care of照顾，照料take charge of担任，负责take a delight in以为乐takeinto account考虑pay the way for为.铺平道路pay attention to注意

21、get the best of 胜过get the.better of打败，致胜take care小心.当心take a chance冒险一试keep company with与交往make a/the difference有影响，很重要put into effect实行，生效take effect生效，起作用keep an eye on留意，照看find fault埋怨，挑剔come/go into force生效，实施be friends with对友好，与交上朋友keep ones head保持镇静carry/bring into effect使生效，使起作用come/go into e

22、ffect生效，实施catch one eye引人注目make a face做鬼脸catch fire着火make friends交朋友，友好相处make fun of取笑，嘲弄lose heart丧失勇气，失去信心get hold of抓住，掌握throw/cast light on使明白，阐明havein mind记住，考虑到，想到come/go into operation使投入生产，使运转keep/hold pace with跟上，与.同步take place发生，进行come to the point说到要点，扼要地说get/learn by heart记住，背诵keep house管理家务，做家务