全高考英语真题考点详解定语从句.docx

1、全高考英语真题考点详解定语从句高考英语真题考点详解-定语从句定语从句在高中阶段是重点也是难点，是每年高考必考题。本人对于定语从句的复习做如下建议，考生要掌握：1 定语从句的构成；2 关系代词和关系副词 的用法；3关系代词或关系副词与先行词的搭配原则；4 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句的结构；5 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别与用法；真题归纳：关系代词4.【2019新课标II卷语法填空】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，_62_ she opened with her

2、late husband Les.【答案】which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中缺opened 一词的宾语，故用which。5.【2019新课标III卷语法填空】They were well trained by their masters _64_ had great experience with caring for these animals.【答案】who/that【解析】句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who/th

3、at。6.【2019新课标III卷短文改错】In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.【答案】In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment that/which is created for them.【解析】environment 之后是定语从句，同时也是被定语从句所修饰的先行词environment， 指物。句中从句的主语误用了wh

4、at，故把what改为that/which。7【2019浙江卷语法填空】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _58_gives off light in the dark.【答案】that/which【解析】cloth后是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物；定语从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。.8【2019北京卷语法填空】The students benefitting most from college are those _9_ are totally engage

5、d(参与)in academic life.【答案】who【解析】句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。_9_ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those；句中从句缺主语，即关系代词作从句的主语，而those做先行词指人时，只能用who。9【2018北京】5. She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit.A. which B. whoC. as D. that【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助

6、于她们保持健康。“_ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中作主语，故该从句应用关系代词which 引导。A选项正确。10【2018天津】Kae, _sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.A. whom B. thatC. whose D. her【答案】C【解析】句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，而在非限定性定语从句代替sister并且作定语

7、的，只有关系代词whose，故选C。11【2018新课标I卷语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 201466showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause).【答案】that或which【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处先行词a study是物，定语从句缺主语，故填that或which。12.【2

8、018新课标II卷语法填空】Many westerners57come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.【答案】that或who【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。本句中被定语从句修饰的先行词是westerners，指人；而定语从句缺主语，故填who/that。13.【2017北京卷】31. The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations fo

9、r great inventions.A. that B. asC. where D. when【答案】A【解析】句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。_ we meet in our daily lives是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems，用that。14【2017天津】9. My eldest son, _ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.A. that B. whoseC. his D. who【答案】B【解析】本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是My e

10、ldest son, 根据句意和空后名词确定，引导词只能在从句中作定语，选项中只有whose修饰名词作定语。故选B。15【2016北京】 I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.A. whose B. whyC. where D. which【答案】A【解析】 题目考查定语从句的关系词。a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple 是所属关系，故用whose作定语，whose children相当于the children of whom，故选A。介词+关系代词1【201

11、6江苏】Many young people, most _were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A. of which B. of themC. of whom D. of those【答案】C【解析】本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people，指人；关系代词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语时，只能用whom 引导。句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都是受过良好教育。故C正确。2【2016浙江】11. Scientists have advanced many t

12、heories about why human beings cry tears , none of _ has been proved.A. whom B. whichC. what D. that【答案】B【解析】句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。句中先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中介词之后只能用关系代词which引导。故选B。3 【2017江苏】 In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide star

13、vation.A. which B. itsC. whose D. whom【答案】C【解析】先行词是“the World Food Programme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是，whose在定语从句中作定语，限定purposes，故选C。句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿关系副词1【2019江苏卷单项填空】21.We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true.A. which B. whatC. when D. that【答案】C【解析】句意

14、：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为表时间的名词an age，从句中只缺时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。2.【2019天津卷单项填空】11.Their child is at the stage_ she can say individual words but not full sentences.A. why B. whereC. which D. what【答案】B【解析】句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从

15、句，先行词是表抽象地点的名词tstage，定语从句中缺地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。3.【2019新课标I卷短文改错】One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【答案】One afternoon whenI was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【解析】先行词one afternoon是表示时间的词；定语从句中缺时间状语，所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。4

16、【2018江苏】23. Self-driving is an area _ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.A. that B. whereC. which D. when【答案】B【解析】句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area表地点，从句中缺地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。5 Im.【2018新课标I卷短文改错】They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My gran

17、dpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.【答案】which改成in which或where【解析】句意：他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词表地点，后面的定语从句缺地点状语，故用in which或where。6【2016天津】9. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _ the weather may be better.A. that B. whereC. which D. when【答案】D【解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。先行词是next week，表时间；定语从句缺少时间状语。故选D。