大学英语四级考试听力笔记讲义 guzhen.docx

1、大学英语四级考试听力笔记讲义 guzhen四级作文分类讲义二 （四）分析图表类 一、行文思路 第一段：描述图表，概述图表所揭示的信息。 第二段：分析图表所反映的问题或趋势产生的原因。 第三段：展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议。 二、模板学习： (描述图表段) From the above chart/graph/table/picture, we can see that _总述现象_. _图表中的数据一_. In contrast/However/And, _图表中数据二_. /According to the chart/graph/table/picture above, _总述

2、图表现象_. _图表中具体细节描述_. Obviously/Consequently, this chart/graph/table/picture has forcefully proved that _图表呈现出的结果_. （说明影响/原因段）Many reasons account for _图表反映的问题_./Consequently, many problems related to _图表涉及的主体_ emerge./ _图表涉及的主体或呈现的结果_ can do lots of harm/benefits. Firstly/First of all, _原因一/影响一_. _进一

3、步说明原因一/影响一_. Furthermore/Secondly, _原因二/影响二_. Thirdly/Besides, _原因三/影响三_. (As a result, 以上原因导致的结果) （阐述观点段）As for me/ As far as I am concerned, _“我”的态度/相关情况或是现象将来的趋势、可能带来的（好或坏的）影响或存在的问题_. For one thing, _理由一/影响一/问题一_. For another/In addition/Besides, _理由二/影响二/问题二_. In brief/To conclude,_总结全文_. 三、模板套用

4、 Education Pays According to the chart above, the weekly earnings people obtain progressively mount up with the rising of the education level that people achieve. In detail, people with an education degree of college or above earns at least 300 dollars more every week than those with a lower one. Co

5、nsequently, this chart has forcefully proved that the more one invests in education, the morehe or she will earn. The result from the above chart can do lots of benefits. Firstly, its good persuasion for those who hold education is time-and money-consuming. The chart has vividly shown that education

6、 is a worthy payment. Secondly, for the majority of young undergraduates who are worried about their future incomes, it provides a good impetus. Thirdly, those who think education is significant will be more confident and work harder. As for me, it is no doubt that education is beneficial. For one t

7、hing, education plays a crucial role in personal growth of career. For another, education is the prospect of a nation. To conclude, we should bear in mind the significance of education and study hard. 另一篇： Education Pays From the above chart, we can see that the higher the degree of education one ob

8、tains, the less likely one is to be unemployed. According to the chart, 1.9% of people with doctoral degree will suffer form unemployment. However, the unemployment rate of people low degree is up to 14.9%. Many reasons account for this phenomenon. First of all, people with higher level of education

9、 have wider range of knowledge and higher ability which make them more competitive in their career and less likely to be laid off. Furthermore, because of the booming of high technologies in modern society, people with higher education will be easier to land and hold a job. Besides, those with low e

10、ducational background are easily be replaced any time due to the fact that their jobs are easy and can be finished by average people. As for me, educational background plays a crucial role in the future careers. For one thing, we should study hard to improve our ability. For another, we should engag

11、ing in a challenging job in future. To conclude, we should grasp more knowledge to prepare future careers. 亮点句式 一、 描述图表 1. 正如（上面）图表中显示的，中国人的饮食已经有了一些明显的变化译文： 2. 根据图表中给出的数据可知，网上购物正变得越来越流行。 译文： 二、 具体描述图表数据 1. 根据表格中的数据，从1996年起，人们在食品上的消费比例逐渐下降，到2000年已经 下降到了35%。 译文： 2. 与两年前相比，这一数字已经从不到150万增加到了将近340万。 译文：

12、三、 概述现象 1. 随着更多的人开始关注健康饮食，绿色食品已经开始越来越多地引起公众注意。 译文： 2. 从市场经济初期，广告就已经变成我们日常生活中必不可少的一部分。 译文： 四、 具体描述现象 1. 体育运动在校园里如此流行以至于它们已经成为大学教育的不可或缺的一部分。 译文：2. 他们肩上的书包越来越重，他们花在作业上的时间越来越多。 译文： 五、 引出原因 1. 有许多因素导致了这一现象。 译文： 2. 导致这种社会现象的原因有很多，但概况来说，主要有三点。 译文： 六、 引出方法 1. 显然，有必要采取有效的措施来减少这种现象。 译文： 2. 考虑到问题的严重性，应该采取有效措施来

13、保护我们免受噪音的干扰。 译文： 七、 总结方法 1. 只有通过这些方法，才能从根本上解决噪音问题。 译文： 2. 只要父母和孩子都能够从对方的角度考虑，他们之间的冲突就能够避免。 译文：2014年12月大学英语四级考试听力笔记讲义1Section A：10 short conversations 复习的重点Section B：最可能考三个段子(3 passages)。其次，有可能考复合式听写(Compound Dictation)或听写填空(Spot Dictation)。提高听力的步骤：第一步，听懂考题;第二步，总结考题规律;第三步，了解考试本身，做类型题。短对话题型分类：Section

14、A考题为六种题型。无论每个考题的具体内容是什么，考题的题型总在重复。我们要培养解类型题的能力。比如在态度方向题中，每个考题的内容肯定不同。但题型高度一致，解题的方向也必然相同。如：Would you go to dance with me tonight?第二人的回答只有两种Yes或No。我们要听的是第二个人的态度方向。这个题问去跳舞吗?而另外的一个完全不同的考题可能会问去看电影吗?去音乐会吗?去野餐吗?去看比赛吗?这些不同的考题在我们的耳朵里就应该是同一类考题。我们要听的是：他在问去还是不去?第二人要回答Yes还是No。而解题点即正确选项一定就在第二人的回答的开头。听力范围：Campus l

15、ife考察对象：College students(在什么都没听清的情况下，异性猜classmate，同性猜roommate)一、语音问题：连读小练习1. rush hour 高峰时间，尖峰时刻;2. cheer up 使振奋，使高兴;3. check (it) out 借书;办理出院手续;彻底检查;退房(check in 开房);4. travel agent 旅行社(travel agency, travel bureau);financial aid 经济资助;5. turn down 关掉，拒绝;turn on 打开二、口语问题：注意语气，语调，语汇。注：1. gas station 加

16、油站。2. 口语中的缩略：gas station = gasoline station 生活中也可说成 filling station。gym = gymnasium 健身房dorm = dormitory 宿舍lab = laboratory 实验室(secretary 秘书)ad = advertisement 广告exhibit= exhibition 展览 (场景：博物馆museum)ob = obvious 明显的vet = veterinarian 兽医3. 发音 /v/ /w/ very, visit, well, very well/A/ gas, lab, ad, badWe

17、 really had a bad time last night, you shouldve been there.例如：1. tape 胶带;cassette 磁带。2. project 作业(homework, assignment);工程;项目;计划;任务。3. awful 糟糕的;terrific 特别棒的，好极了(口语中);可怕的，恐怖的(阅读中)。4. I can tell that. 我能看得出。5. I understand that. 我听说。6. I have got this one. have= have got have to= have got to (gotta

18、)7. must 在口语中表猜测8. Ill take this one. 我要买这个。9. I wont buy that. = I wont believe that. 我才不信呢。10. He was my boyfriend.三、考题内容：生活情景，场景会话场景题：如何出考题;判断场景的线索词。比如：book，校内library;校外book store(线索词manager, order)。四、解题思路比如：交通：traffic jam车：break down题目分析：Section A为重点(主要为三种题型)but题型：but以后是重点。这类考题的回答都是：Id love to,

19、Id like to, Sounds great, Sounds a lot of fun. but .注：be sold out 售光了 wear out 穿破了; be worn out (指东西)破旧;(指人)非常疲惫check out 借书;出院;彻底检查;退房 figure out 想清楚，弄明白;figure 数字;体形work out 想清楚，弄明白，解决问题;(gym)拼命锻炼make out 分辨出，辨认出help out 帮个大忙hang out 到处闲逛dine out 外出吃饭cook out 野餐 turn out 事实证明注：1. 一句话后面加一个小尾巴，都是反义疑

20、问句。核心是陈述句。2. sth. doesnt agree with sb. 指某人不适应某种情况。悲惨原则：第一个人说一件事情，第二个人回答听不清或一点都没听到，一定有麻烦，回答多半是抱怨。比如：谈论买东西肯定买不到，谈论订房肯定订完了，谈论交通肯定拥挤，谈论车肯定坏掉，谈论考试肯定不及格，谈论野餐肯定下雨。解题思路：第一类，有关学习的考题基于学生身份去猜题。关于考试：考试难，时间紧，能否延期。作业难做。论文没做完。选课多。对老师评价：讲课boring，老师strict，作业多。She is one in a million. 当老师要退休的时候对老师的评价才会高。第二类，生活。学生穷po

21、or，要省钱。时时带着学生证。购物时一定要bargin。杂志不订应该去图书馆读，如：A: Maybe I oughtta subscribe(捐献，订购) to the magazine. B: Why dont you save the money and read it in the library?。在家看比赛没钱买票。第三类，学生忙，当话题中既包含学习又包含娱乐时体现学生忙，一定选择学习方面。1、paper 论文：(1)paper 常用词义：paper 论文;newspaper 报纸;papers 文件;paper 纸(2)research 查询资料。对应场景library图书馆。(3

22、)写论文的步骤：第一步，选题topic，选题难，范围广。第二步，查询资料research，图书馆场景。第三步，打出论文。typewriter 打字机，computer 计算机，printer 打印机，laser printer 激光打印机，laptop 笔记本电脑。论文没打完，typewriter/computer坏了break down 或者typewriter需要新的ribbon。(4)题目难选，资料难查，打字困难(机房总被占)。奖学金：fellowship;RA 助研：research assistant;TA 助教：teaching assistant2、presentation 口头

23、演讲，口头报告：(1)同义词：report, speech, address。(2)考点：I. 着装正式 formal clothes(考试中另一个考到着装正式的考点是interview面试)，会出现change。II. 演讲人的内心感受：nervous紧张的。3、reading assignment 阅读作业：文科学生reading list读书清单。抱怨需要读的书多。吃：(校内、校外)校内：饭堂cafeteria(不好吃)校外：restaurant有waiter, menu, order, reserve a table, make a reservationapple pie 苹果派(好

24、吃)可以代表traditional American，比如：This picnic is as American as apple pie. John is as American as apple pie.apple pie virtue = traditional American virtue在考题中形容apple pie好吃的句子举例如下：(1) Even my mothers cant match this.(2) I took the last one, and it was out of the world.(3) You wouldnt have to force me to

25、take another helping.注：1. A and B结构，考人物关系 2. 选项B非主流，应排除。 3. fine 罚款。pay the fine, check the fine考试中涉及到fine罚款的两个场景：(1)交通traffic: break traffic rules, speeding。(2)图书馆library：过期罚款。注：1. rewrite 重写，改写2. upset 从考试痛苦可猜想该选项;modest 从西方文化可直接排除该选项。东西方文化差异：1、西方人不谦虚。一般都self-confidence。2、西方人崇尚个人奋斗。借钱肯定不借;借笔记一般也不成

26、;对钱看的很重，很敏感。3、西方人表达直接。注：1. transfer 转机，换车2. board 登上(交通工具)机场场景：1、票已售完。2、接人晚点。3、送人伤感。机场线索词：airplane 飞机;flight 航班;take off 起飞;land 降落;circle 盘旋;wing 机翼，侧面建筑(常用)，鸡翅;terminal 候机大厅，终端(常用)，终点站交通话题：1、交通堵塞：traffic jam, back up, heavy2、交通违章：要罚款3、交通晚点：behind schedule注：gas 汽油打电话场景：1、约人约不到：make an appointment 主

27、要指约医生2、约会去不了：come up, reschedule, fit sb. in3、电话打不通，打错了：run out of coin, cut off(被中断;hang up 主动挂断)相关词汇：receiver 听筒 hook 钩slot 投币孔dial 拨号telephone book = yellow pages 电话簿(yellow press 黄色出版物)医院场景：1、医生难找。2、病情如何。3、有病耽误课。miss the class 缺课 缺课的原因：(1) 生病get ill(2) 睡过了头over sleep(3) 交通问题，车坏了等。1、超市supermarket

28、：购买生活用品 supplies(便宜)2、百货公司department store：服装;家用电器 appliance(贵)注：1. 反义疑问句，表达陈述观点。 2. must表猜测熟词的多种用法：run into sb. = happen to sb. 碰巧碰到某人My nose has been running the whole morning. 整个早上我都在流鼻涕。run it down to me = tell me the whole story 告诉我，娓娓道来Ive got the runs. 拉肚子机场场景：1、票已售完。2、接人晚点。3、送人伤感。注：Madam：女士，

29、夫人(较正式); Maam 口语中常用注：1. receptionist 前台，接待员2. air hostess 空姐3. shop assistant 售货员4. blanket 毛毯，毯子。carpet 地毯。rug 小地毯5. take-off 起飞;脱衣服。注：1. How are you doing? 普通打招呼How are you feeling? 用于对方生病时打招呼2. out of bed 离开床了生病场景：1、医生难找2、病情如何3、有病耽误课注：1. breakfast 的构词法：break 打破 + fast 禁食 = breakfast 早餐brunch 早午餐2

30、. fruit juice 果汁。orange juice 橘子汁。lemonade 柠檬汁。3. be used to doing sth. 习惯于。 选项中一般有 be accustomed to do sth. 或 adapt 替换。used to do 过去常常。选项中一般有 was always 或 not now 表现在不做。听力时注意doing和do的区别来区分两种题型。4. allergy 敏感症。 be allergic to (生理上的过敏)对什么过敏;不喜欢sensitive (心理上的过敏)敏感的I have sth. allergy. 我对过敏。总体原则：1、短对话：

31、听到什么不选什么。考的是替换关系。2、段子题：听到什么选什么。注：1. much adv. 修饰adj. & v.very adv. 修饰adv. & adj. 如：Thank you very much. 和 very good2. would have traveling 省略结构，省略了seen即would have (seen) traveling注：1. operator 接线员2. 修理fix, repair, mend(真实修理;抽象表达弥补)修理场景：常修理家电：电视 television，冰箱 fridge，烤箱 oven打招呼：非正式：Hi! Whats going on? Whats new? What happens? Whats up? = Wassup正式：How do you do?道别：非正式：See you (later/ again/ then/ tomorrow) 正式：Goodbye for now.注：填表格表达方式 fill in/ fill out/ fill upNationality(国籍): Chin