牛津上海版9A U6基础知识学案最新教育文档.docx

1、牛津上海版9A U6基础知识学案最新教育文档牛津上海版9A Unit 6要练说，先练胆。说话胆小是幼儿语言发展的障碍。不少幼儿当众说话时显得胆怯：有的结巴重复，面红耳赤；有的声音极低，自讲自听；有的低头不语，扯衣服，扭身子。总之，说话时外部表现不自然。我抓住练胆这个关键，面向全体，偏向差生。一是和幼儿建立和谐的语言交流关系。每当和幼儿讲话时，我总是笑脸相迎，声音亲切，动作亲昵，消除幼儿畏惧心理，让他能主动的、无拘无束地和我交谈。二是注重培养幼儿敢于当众说话的习惯。或在课堂教学中，改变过去老师讲学生听的传统的教学模式，取消了先举手后发言的约束，多采取自由讨论和谈话的形式，给每个幼儿较多的当众说话

2、的机会，培养幼儿爱说话敢说话的兴趣，对一些说话有困难的幼儿，我总是认真地耐心地听，热情地帮助和鼓励他把话说完、说好，增强其说话的勇气和把话说好的信心。三是要提明确的说话要求，在说话训练中不断提高，我要求每个幼儿在说话时要仪态大方，口齿清楚，声音响亮，学会用眼神。对说得好的幼儿，即使是某一方面，我都抓住教育，提出表扬，并要其他幼儿模仿。长期坚持，不断训练，幼儿说话胆量也在不断提高。 Words.教师范读的是阅读教学中不可缺少的部分，我常采用范读，让幼儿学习、模仿。如领读，我读一句，让幼儿读一句，边读边记；第二通读，我大声读，我大声读，幼儿小声读，边学边仿；第三赏读，我借用录好配朗读磁带，一边放录

3、音，一边幼儿反复倾听，在反复倾听中体验、品味。 1. protect vt. 保护，保卫某人某事物与当今“教师”一称最接近的“老师”概念，最早也要追溯至宋元时期。金代元好问示侄孙伯安诗云：“伯安入小学，颖悟非凡貌，属句有夙性，说字惊老师。”于是看，宋元时期小学教师被称为“老师”有案可稽。清代称主考官也为“老师”，而一般学堂里的先生则称为“教师”或“教习”。可见，“教师”一说是比较晚的事了。如今体会，“教师”的含义比之“老师”一说，具有资历和学识程度上较低一些的差别。辛亥革命后，教师与其他官员一样依法令任命，故又称“教师”为“教员”。 e. g. You need warm clothes to

4、 protect you against the cold. 你需要穿暖些以免着凉。要练说，先练胆。说话胆小是幼儿语言发展的障碍。不少幼儿当众说话时显得胆怯：有的结巴重复，面红耳赤；有的声音极低，自讲自听；有的低头不语，扯衣服，扭身子。总之，说话时外部表现不自然。我抓住练胆这个关键，面向全体，偏向差生。一是和幼儿建立和谐的语言交流关系。每当和幼儿讲话时，我总是笑脸相迎，声音亲切，动作亲昵，消除幼儿畏惧心理，让他能主动的、无拘无束地和我交谈。二是注重培养幼儿敢于当众说话的习惯。或在课堂教学中，改变过去老师讲学生听的传统的教学模式，取消了先举手后发言的约束，多采取自由讨论和谈话的形式，给每个幼儿较

5、多的当众说话的机会，培养幼儿爱说话敢说话的兴趣，对一些说话有困难的幼儿，我总是认真地耐心地听，热情地帮助和鼓励他把话说完、说好，增强其说话的勇气和把话说好的信心。三是要提明确的说话要求，在说话训练中不断提高，我要求每个幼儿在说话时要仪态大方，口齿清楚，声音响亮，学会用眼神。对说得好的幼儿，即使是某一方面，我都抓住教育，提出表扬，并要其他幼儿模仿。长期坚持，不断训练，幼儿说话胆量也在不断提高。 2. innocent adj. 无辜的，清白的要练说，得练听。听是说的前提，听得准确，才有条件正确模仿，才能不断地掌握高一级水平的语言。我在教学中，注意听说结合，训练幼儿听的能力，课堂上，我特别重视教师

6、的语言，我对幼儿说话，注意声音清楚，高低起伏，抑扬有致，富有吸引力，这样能引起幼儿的注意。当我发现有的幼儿不专心听别人发言时，就随时表扬那些静听的幼儿，或是让他重复别人说过的内容，抓住教育时机，要求他们专心听，用心记。平时我还通过各种趣味活动，培养幼儿边听边记，边听边想，边听边说的能力，如听词对词，听词句说意思，听句子辩正误，听故事讲述故事，听谜语猜谜底，听智力故事，动脑筋，出主意，听儿歌上句，接儿歌下句等，这样幼儿学得生动活泼，轻松愉快，既训练了听的能力，强化了记忆，又发展了思维，为说打下了基础。 e. g. They have imprisoned an innocent man. 他们监

7、禁了一个无辜的男子。3. detective n. 侦探e. g. Sherlock Holmes is a famous detective in stories. 福尔摩斯是小说中著名的侦探。 【知识拓展】detective adj.侦探的e. g. He works in a a detective agency.他工作在一个侦探事务所。4. recent adj. latest最近的e. g. I want a recent issue of the Xinmin Review. 我想要本最近一期的新民周刊。【知识拓展】recently adv.最近，近来e. g. I havent

8、written to my mother recently.近来我一直没写信给我母亲。5.case n. 案件e. g. The policeman is telling us a recent case that he dealt with last week. 那位警察正在给我们讲上星期他处理过的最近的一件案件。【常用搭配】in case 如果；以防万一e. g. Youd better take the keys in case Im out.你最好带上钥匙以防我不在家。Take along an umbrella, just in case.随身带一把伞，以防万一。in case of

9、如果发生e. g. Call this number in case of emergency.万一发生意外就拨打这个号码。6. alone adv.单独地e. g. Mr Smith lives alone in the country.史密斯先生单独一人住在乡下。(1) alone表示“单独，独自一人”，主要强调客观情况。e. g. Are you alone now? Can I speak to you for a moment? 你现在是一个人吗？我能跟你说一会儿话吗？(2)lonely指“孤独寂寞的”，主要指主观上的孤独、心灵上的孤独，具有伤感色彩。e. g. The old ma

10、n lives alone, but he doesnt feel lonely. 那位老人独自生活但他并不感到寂寞。7. theft n.行窃，偷窃e. g. He was sent to prison for theft.他因盗窃罪被判入狱。I told the police about the theft of my car.我向警方报案我的汽车被盗了。The theft happened in our neighbourhood last night.昨晚我们小区发生了行窃。8. clue n. 线索，提示e. g. The police are going to his house

11、to look for clues. 警察要去他家寻找线索。The detective was clever at spotting clues.侦探擅长于发现线索。【常用搭配】not have a clue 毫无头绪，一点也不知道-Whats his name? 他叫什么名字？-I havent a clue. 我根本不知道。9.admit v. 承认e. g. John admitted breaking the window in the library.约翰承认打碎了图书馆的窗户。He never admits that he is wrong. 他从不承认自己错了。【友情提示】adm

12、it的后面要跟动名词，而不能用动词不定式。e. g. He admitted cheating in the exam. 他承认考试时作弊了。【知识拓展】反义词：deny否认They denied breaking the window in their classroom.他们否认打碎他们教室里的窗户。10. suspect n. 犯罪嫌疑人e. g. As a suspect, he is being questioned by police.他被当作犯罪嫌疑人受到警方审问。The police are holding a suspect for questioning.警方提审疑犯问话。

13、【友情提示】suspect作名词时，重音在第一个音节上，而作动词时，重音在第二个音节上。 suspect v. 猜想，料想; 怀疑e. g. Tom wasnt at college today-I suspect that hes ill. 汤姆今天没来学校我想他是病了。They suspect John of stealing the money.他们怀疑约翰偷了钱。11. question v. 询问，审问，盘问e. g. What right have you to question me? 你有什么权利盘问我？The police questioned him about the s

14、tolen car.警方询问他关于被盗汽车的情况。12. insurance n. 保险（无复数形式）e. g. She works in an insurance company.她在一家保险公司工作。Car insurance is expensive in our city. 我们城市的汽车险很贵。【知识拓展】insure v. 给保险；确保e. g. My house is insured against fire.我的房子保了火险。13. guilty adj. 有罪的e. g. The death of his patient made him feel guilty. 他的病人的

15、死使他觉得有罪恶感。He has been guilty of a crime. 他犯了罪。 日常表达1. deal with对付，处理e. g. Hes a difficult man. Nobody quite knows how to deal with him.他是难弄的人。没有人真正知道该如何对付他。My secretary will deal with my business letters while Im away. 我外出期间我的秘书会处理我的商务信件。This chapter deals with detectives and crimes.本章是讲述侦探和犯罪的。【指点迷

16、津】deal with, do withdeal with与how连用，do with与what连用。 e. g. Would you please tell me how to deal with these old magazines?Would you please tell me what to do with these old magazines? 你能告诉我该如柯处理这些旧杂志吗？2. lock .in把锁进中e. g. John has locked his diary in the drawer of his desk.约翰把他的日记锁在写字台的抽屉里。Please lock

17、 all the jewellery for me in the safe in Shanghai Bank.请帮我把所有这些首饰都锁进上海银行的保险箱里。3. jump to conclusions妄下结论e. g. Dont jump to any conclusions. Please read the case again. 不要妄下结论，再好好读读这个案例。A good detective never jumps to conclusions and he does as many as investigations as he can.好的侦探从不妄下结论，而是做尽可能多的调查。4

18、. break into闯入，破门而入e. g. They broke into the bank and stole a lot of money.他们闯入了银行偷了很多钱。The thieves broke into the office and stole some money.盗贼闯入了办公室，偷走了一些钱。【知识拓展】break down停止运转，抛锚e. g. We were late because our car broke down.我们迟到了，因为我们的车抛锚了。break off折断e. g. He broke off a piece of chocolate for m

19、e.他掰下一块巧克力给我。5. be behind bars= be in jail在狱中e. g. He was caught by policemen three years ago and now he is behind bars. 三年前他被警察逮住了，现在还在狱中。The thief was put behind bars for ten years.这个小偷要坐10年的牢。6. instead of=in place of代替（用作状语，后接名词、代词、动名词或介词短语）e. g. He goes to school by bus instead of on foot. 他每天乘

20、车上学而不是步行去学校。Hes been playing football all afternoon instead of studying. 他踢了一下午的足球，而没有去念书。Can you come at 7:30 instead of 8：00? 你别8点来了，改在7点30分行吗？We advise discussion in place of argument. 我们建议以讨论代替辩论。【友情提示】take the place of =be substituted for代替，取代（动词词组用作谓语）e. g. Paper bags have been taken place of

21、plastic one. 纸袋已经取代了塑料袋。【指点迷津】instead，instead ofinstead为副词，在句中独立作状语;instead of为介词短语，后面一般接名词、代词、介词或动词-ing形式。e. g. She didnt call him. She wrote to him instead.=She wrote to him instead of calling. 她没有给他打电话，而是给他写了封信。【随堂小练】.Choose the right word to complete each sentence3. John denied me the fact of th

22、e vase, (telling, to tell)4. She is a careful girl. Her books are clean. (spotlessly, spotless)3. When we enter his home, we should take off our shoes. (spotless, spotlessly)4. He is a man with few words. He lives , but he never feels . (alone, lonely)【keys】1. telling 2. spotlessly 3. spotless 4. al

23、one, lonely . Choose the right word or expression to replace the underlined part in each sentence below A. jump to conclusions B. the innocent C. suspectD. handle; see to E. says you havent done something F. behind bars( )1. The police will deal with the case soon. ( )2. When you decide something to

24、o quickly, you often make mistakes.( )3. After several years in prison, John realized what he had done was foolish.( )4. Our laws always protect those people who have done nothing wrong.( )5. A brave person never denies having made mistakes.【keys】l. D 2. A 3. F 4. B 5. E Important Sentences structur

25、es.1. Pansy wanted to write an article on detectives for the school newspaper.an article on detectives 一篇关于侦探的文章这里介词on意为“关于”。e. g. a report on the international situation关于国际形势的报告exchange views on questions of common concern就共同关心的问题交换意见On Practice实践论 On Study论学习【指点迷津：on, about】on和about都可以和某些名词或动词连用，

26、表示“关于”的意思。在涉及文章书籍、谈话、演说、报告等有关内容时，两者可通用。e. g. a book on/about the radio一本关于无线电的书区别：(1) about表示的内容较为普通，不那么正式; (2)on用于较正式的场合，表示书、文章或演说是严肃的或学术性的，着重于知识的深度。 e. g. This is a book for children about Africa and its people. 这是一本供儿童阅读的有关非洲和非洲人的书。 In the library she has got books on many different subjects.在图书馆

27、，她搞到了许多不同学科的书籍。【友情提示】learn about, read about, hear about等短语一般涉及知识的深度，所以不能用on代替about。2. You say that you like being a detective. (1)like vt.喜欢，愿意e. g. She likes children.她喜欢孩子。I like reading in bed.我喜欢在床上看书。I like to have a talk with you tonight.今晚我想跟你谈谈。like + v-ing表示习惯性的动作；like+to v. 表示一次性的，未发生的动作；

28、有此特点的词还有：care，love，hate，prefer等。【知识拓展】“喜欢”“爱”的近义词。love热爱(反hate)；指引起深厚的、强烈的感情，并有依附感。e. g. We love our motherland.我们热爱祖国。enjoy喜爱，享受乐趣（具有满足感）。e. g. She enjoys listening to music.她认为听音乐是一大乐趣。be fond of喜欢，爱好（对感兴趣）。e. g. She is fond of small animals.她喜欢小动物。 (2) that在该句中是一个引导词，用来引导一个宾语从句。that在从句中只起引导作用，没有词

29、义，在口语中常常省略。e. g. The old man said that nobody could help him.I noticed that Jill was wearing a black pearl necklace-but no earrings.She admitted it was hers.She said someone had stolen it from her house a month before.That told me that probably no thief broke into Mr Jones house.He tried to make sur

30、e that Jill would go to jail instead of him.上述句子中画线部分为宾语从句，分别作said，noticed，admitted，said，told，make sure的宾语。初中阶段要求掌握宾语从句的连接词、时态及主谓语序。3. He purchased a vase for 300,000 dollars.purchase a vase for 300，000 dollars 意为“花30万美元买了一个花瓶”。purchase sth for some money=pay some money for sth=spend sb some money o

31、n sth 花钱买e. g. The couple purchased a cheap flat for$80,000 on Hongmei Road.=The couple paid$80,000 for a cheap flat on Hongmei Road.那对夫妇花了80000美元买了在虹梅路上的一套便宜的公寓。4. But I noticed that Jim was wearing a black pearl necklace-but no earrings.notice意为“注意到”，可接从句，也可接不定式和现在分词。接不定式时，to必须省去。e.g. Nobody noticed the thief enter the bank.没有人注意到那个小偷进了银行。（接省略to的不定式）I noticed him writing down something. 我注意到他正记下什么东西。（接现在分词）We all notice that he comes to school early every day. 我们都注意到他每天很早就来到学校。（接宾语从句）【友情提示】还有一些感官动词，如see, watch, hear, look at, listen to等也有同样的用法。5. My job is to protect the innocent as well as