高中英语语法大全归纳总结.docx

1、高中英语语法大全归纳总结高中英语语法权威解析目录:第 01 章 名词性从句第 02 章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解第 03 章 高中英语语法中的省略现象第 04 章 主谓一致第 05 章 动词不定式第 06 章 倒装结构第 07 章 定语从句第 08 章 被动语态第 09 章 祈使句第 10 章 感叹句第 11 章 疑问句第 12 章 名词第一章 名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组 , 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句

2、、表语从句和同位语从句。一 主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语 it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1. It 作形式主语和 it 引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it 引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词 that。被强调部分指人时也可用 who/whom 。例如：a) It is a pity that you didn t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。b) It doesnt interest me whethe

3、r you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。 （强调句型）d) It is John that broke the window. 是 John 打碎的窗户。 （强调句型）2. 用 it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is 名词 从句It is a fact that , 事实是,It is an honor that , 非常荣幸It is common knowledge that , 是常识(2) It is 形容词 从句It is nat

4、ural that , 很自然,It is strange that, 奇怪的是,(3) It is 不及物动词 从句It seems that, 似乎,It happened that, 碰巧,It appears that, 似乎,(4) It 过去分词 从句It is reported that , 据报道,It has been proved that, 已证实,It is said that , 据说,3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2）It is said /reported , 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达： It

5、 is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.错误表达： That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.（3）It happens/occurs, 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.错误表达： That he failed in the examination occurred to him.（4）It doesnt matte

6、r how/whether , 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.错误表达： Whether he is wrong or not doesn t matter.（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?错误表达： Is that will rain in the evening likely?4. what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区别what 引导主语从句时在句时在

7、从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而 that 则不然。例如：a) What you said yesterday is right.b) That she is still alive is a consolation二宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词 ) 或介词之后。1. 作动词的宾语(1) 由 that 引导的宾语从句 (that 通常可以省略 ), 例如：I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。(2) 由 what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：a) She did not

8、 know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么。b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。(3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。5. 作介词的宾语，例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。6. 作形容词的宾语，例如：I am

9、 afraid (that) I ve made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。注意： that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语： anxious, aware, certain, confident,convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed,annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的 that 从句的看作原因状语从句。7. it 可以作为形式宾语it 不仅可以

10、作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语 that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如：We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。8. 后边不能直接跟 that 从句的动词这类动词有 allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love,help, take, forgive 等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用 that 引导的宾语从句。如：正确表达： I admi

11、re their winning the match.错误表达： I admire that they won the match.9. 不可用 that 从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不可用于“动词间接宾语 that 从句“结构中，常见的有 envy, order,accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate 等。例如：正确表达： He impressed the manager as an honest man.错误表达： He impressed the manager that he was

12、 an honest man.10. 否定的转移若主句谓语动词为 think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine 等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。三. 表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句， 放在系动词之后， 一般结构是 “主语连系动词表语从句” 。可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem 等。 引导表语从句的 t

13、hat常可省略。另外，常用的还有 the reason is that, 和 It is because 等结构。例如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we can h e tsgueptpto r t of the people.3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he

14、missed the early bus.四. 同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。11. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由 that 引导，例如：1) The king s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.12. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的

15、名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.13. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的 that 既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语） ，而同位语从句中的 that 是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would g

16、o abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个 that 引导的从句是定语从句， that 在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. （汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。 ）（同位语从句， that 在句中不作任何成分）高一英语名词性从句专项练习1_he does has nothing to do with me.A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If2. The manager came over and asked the custom

17、er how_A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come aboutC. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about3. Energy is _makes thing work.A. what B. something C. anything D. that4. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted intouniversities.A.

18、while B. that C. when D. as5. This is _the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed.A. there B. in which C. where D. when6. They have no idea at all_.A. where he has gone B. where did he goC. which place has he gone D. where has he gone14. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient s fear _he would die of the di

19、sease.A. that B. which C. of which D. of that15. The order came _the soldiers _the small village the next morning.A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leaveC. /; must leave D. when; should leave16. _is no possibility _Bob can win the first prize in the match.A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whe

20、ther D. It; whether17. The question came up at the meeting_ we had enough money for our research.A. that B. which C. whether D. if18. Is _he said really true?A. that B. what C. why D. whether19._the meeting should last two days or three days doesn t matter.A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where20. It wor

21、ried her a bit _her hair was turning gray.A. while B. if C. that D. for21. ?_more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.A. Whether B. This C. who D. If22._he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.A. What B. That C. Whether D. If23. _you don t like him

22、is none oyf bmusiness.A. What B. That C. Who D. How24._all the inventions have in common is _they have succeeded.A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what25. _appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.A. What B. It C. All that D. That26. It is widely _that smoking can cause ca

23、ncer.A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped27. _caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. What B. That C. How D. WhereKeys:15 ABABC 610 AABAC 1115 BBCAB 1620 BCBAA第二章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解It 用法及其句型和固定搭配， 是高中英语语法的重点、 难点，又是近几年高考的热点，因此应给予充分的重视，现将 it 用法归纳如下：一、It 用作实词表达以下概念 :指代前文提到的事物， 前文中的 this, that

24、；替代前文中的内容； 指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事； 指代时间、 天气、气候、距离等自然现象,二、It 用作形式主语替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。It 作形式主语的常见句型：28. 代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为(1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth.此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary,possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right

25、, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal,well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful,useless, dangerous 例 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.(2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth.此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind, unkind, n

26、ice, rude, cruel, considerate,thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy.例 Its kind of you to help me with the problem.(3) It 替代作主语的动名词的常见句型Its no good/use doing Its (well)worth doing Its (well)worth ones while doing/to do Its (well)worth while doing/ to

27、do例 Its no use crying over spilt milk.29. It 替代作主语的从句常见句型(1) It is + noun + 从句例 It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office.(2) It is adj. +clauseIts surprising that , (should) , 竟然 ,Its a pity/shame that , (should) , 竟然 ,例 Its important that you should apologize to her

28、for your rudeness.(=Its of muchimportance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.)(3) It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clauseIt+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that 例 It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was

29、 worrying that she drove so fast.)(4) It verb (to sb.) that = sb/sth verb to do(verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turnout , work out)例 It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.)(5) It is v- ed that =sb/sth is to d

30、o(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend,plan, understand, know ）例 It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gottendivorced.)(6) It is v- ed that (should) (verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, rec

31、ommend例 It is suggested that they should begin with the third question.三、It 作主语的句型30. It takes sb. , to do, (=sb takes, to do, )某人用多长时间做某事例 It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend our roof.)31. Its (just)(un)like sb. to do , （不）像某人做某事的风格例 It was (just) like him to think of helping us.32. Its (about/high) time that , should /v-ed , 是该做某事的时候了例