英语学习新目标英语八年级下册重点短语及句型总汇.docx

1、英语学习新目标英语八年级下册重点短语及句型总汇新目标英语八年级下册重点短语及句型总汇（Units1-5）Unit 1 Will people have robots?fewer people更少的人（fewer修饰名词复数，表示否定）less free time更少的空闲时间（less修饰不可数名词，表示否定） in ten years 10年后（in的时间短语用于将来时，提问用How soon）fall in love with爱上 例：When I met Mr. Xu for the first time, I fell in love with him at once 当我第一次见到许

2、老师，我立刻爱上他live alone单独居住feel lonely感到孤独（比较：live alone/go along等）The girl walked alone along the street, but she didnt feel lonely 那女孩独自沿着街道走，但她并不感到孤独keep/feed a pet pig养一头宠物猪fly to the moon飞上月球hundreds of +复数:数百/几百（概数，类似还有thousands of; millions of）the same as和相同A be different from B A与B不同(=There is a

3、 difference/Thgere are differences between A and B)wake up醒来（wake sb. up表示 “唤醒某人”get bored变得厌倦（get/become是连系动词，后跟形容词如tired/angry/excited等）go skating去滑冰（类似还有go hiking/fishing /skating/bike riding等）lots of/a lot of许多（修饰可数名词、不可数名词都可以）at the weekends在周末 study on computers通过电脑学习 agree with sb.同意某人(的意见)I

4、dont agree. = I disagree.我不同意on a piece of paper 在一张纸上（注意paper/information/news/work/homework/housework等常考到的不可数名词）on vacation度假help sb with sth/help sb do sth帮助某人做某事many different kinds of goldfish许多不同种金鱼live in an apartment住在公寓里/live on the twelfth floor住在12楼live at NO.332,Shanghai Street住在上海路332号a

5、s a reporter作为一名记者look smart显得精神/看起来聪明Are you kidding?你在骗我吗in the future在将来/在未来no more=not anymore不再（强调多次发生的动作不再发生）no longer=not any longer不再（强调状态不再发生）besides（除之外还，包括）与except =but（除之外，不包括）be able to与can 能、会（be able to用于各种时态，而can只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中；have to用于各种时态，而must只能用于一般现在时态）例如：1.I have been able t

6、o/will be able to speak two languages.（不可以用can）2. will have to/ had to stay at home. （不可以用must）本单元目标句型：What do you think life will be like in 1000 years?There will be fewer trees、more buildings and less pollution in the future.fewer； less表示否定之意，分别修饰可数名词和不可数名词；more二者都可以修饰。Will kids go to school? No,

7、they wont/Yes, they will本单元语法讲解一般将来时:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。本时态标志词：1.含tomorrow; next短语；2.in+段时间；3.how soon；4.by+将来时间；5.by the time sb.do6.祈使句句型中：or/and sb. will do7.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时8.another day比较be going to 与will:1.be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。 如： He is going to write a lett

8、er tonight. He will write a book one day.2.be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old.3.be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如： She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour.4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going

9、to, 而多用will, 如： If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you. 掌握了它们的这些不同，你就能很好的区分be going to与will了。一般将来时常见的标志词:1.含tomorrow; next短语；2.in+段时间 ；3.how soon；4.by+将来时间；5.祈使句句型中：or/and sb. will do例: Be quick, or you will be late = If you dont be quick,you will be late6.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时

10、, 主句用将来时（另见Unit 5）Unit 2 What should I do?too loud太大声 out of style过时的 in style 流行的call sb up=ring sb.up=call/ring/phone sb.给.打电话 enough money足够的钱(enough修饰名词时不必后置)busy enough 够忙 (enough修饰形容词或副词时必须后置) a ticket to/for a ball game一张球赛的门票注意：the key to the lock/the key(answer)or to the question)/the solut

11、ion to the problem .此处几个短语不能用of表示所有格talk about 谈论 on the phone用电话pay for付款spendon +sth.=spend.(in) doing sth.在花钱It takes sb. sometime to do sth.某人做某事花的时间borrow from从.借( 借进来)lendto把借给（借出去）You can keep the book for a week你可以借这本书一周。（不用borrow或lend）buy sth for sb为买东西tell sb to do /not to do sth.sth告诉某人做某

12、事want sb. to do sth.=would like sb. to do想某人做某事find out 发现；查清楚；弄明白play ones stereo放录象 fail the test=not pass the test考试不及格fail in (doing) sth在.上失败,变弱succeed in (doing) sth在.方面成功write sb a letter/write to sb.给某人写信surprise sb.使某人吃惊（类似有：surprise/interest/please/amaze+某人）to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是.to ones

13、 joy使某人高兴的是.look fora part-time job找一份兼职的工作（不一定有结果）get/find a part-time job 找到一份兼职的工作（有结果）ask sb. for寻求/向某人要某物have a bake sale卖烧烤argue with sb = have an argument with sb.与某人争吵have a fight with sb.=fight with与某人打架drop off 离去；散去；逐渐减少;死去prepare for=get ready for为做准备after-school clubs课外俱乐部be/get used to

14、 doing 习惯做某事used to do过去经常/常常做某事be used for doing=be used to do sth.被用于做某事fill up 填补；装满return sth. to sb.=give sth. back to sb.把某物归还给某人get on /along well with与相处很好 all kinds of 各种各样as much as possible=as much as possible尽可能多take part in=join in 参加（某种活动/集会） a bit =a little一点儿（当修饰形容词或比较级时）a bit of =a

15、little一点儿/一些（当修饰不可数名词时）be angry with 生的气by oneself+on ones own某人自己/独自地on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面I find/feel/think it difficult to do.我发现/感到/认为做某事很难.see/hear/watch sb. doing sth.看到/听见/注视某人正在做notuntil 直到才（谓语动词一般是非延续动词） 表示某人情绪有关的形容词用法:be/become+ upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/su

16、rprised/amazed/annoyed说明：当主语是某人时，注意后面的形容词一般是-ed结尾的单词，而当主语是某物时或修饰名词时，注意后面形容词一般是-ing结尾单词.）例如:I was surprised/interested/amazed when I heard the surprising/interesting/amazing news.本单元目标句型：Whats wrong(with you)?/Whats the matter?What should I do?我该怎么办You could write him a letter.你可以给他写封信.You should say

17、 sorry to him.你应该给他道歉.They shouldnt argue.他们不应该争吵.Why dont you talk to him about it?=Why not talk to him about it?=You should/could talk to him about it.=What/How about talking to him about it.=Youd better talk to him about it.Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?in front of在的前面（外部）in the

18、 front of 在的前面（内部）in the library在图书馆get out of/get into出之外/进入sleep late睡懒觉sleep well睡得好get to sleep睡着walk down/along沿走take off(飞机)起飞；脱下（衣帽）on Sunday evening在星期日晚上注意:（特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某个特定的上、下午、晚上用on）in the tree在树上take photos照相at the train station在火车站run away跑开，逃跑as+adj 原形 as: 和一样例如：She is (not) as be

19、autiful as her sister.I can run as fast as he(him)buy/draw/make sth. for sb.为某人买/画/制作walk home走回家in history在历史上for example例如in the city of在市on the playground在操场上ten minutes ago十分钟前take place发生（强调必然性）happen to sth./sb. 发生（强调偶然性）例如：What has happened to you? =Whats the matter with you? =Whats wrong wit

20、h you?of course=sure=certainly当然all over the world=around the world遍及全世界outside/inside the station在车站外/内next to相邻，紧贴close to接近于；在附近be ill in hospital/bed生病住院/在床hear about/of听说（间接听到）in silence沉默不语本单元目标句型:What were you doing when I arrived/at that time/at 8:00 last night/from 9:00 to 10:00 yesterday?I

21、 was doing sth.When + 一般过去时的时间状语从句.How about. / What about.?While sth./sb. was doing sth., I was doing sth.当不明飞行物着陆时，你正在干啥？What were you doing when the UFO landed?当妈妈正在做饭时，我在看电视。While my mother was cooking ,I was watching TV.本单元语法讲解:过去进行时（Past Progressive Tense）句型 S + was/were +V-ing例A：She was doing

22、 her homework at 8:30 yesterday evening.（昨天傍晚八点半她正在做家庭作业。）例B：We were having supper at that time.（那个时候我们正在吃晚饭。） 解说:如例1所示，在单句中使用过去进行时来表达时必须把该动作正在进行中的时间表明清楚，否则就不合逻辑了。例如：I was taking a bath yesterday. （错）（昨天我正在洗澡昨天24小时都正在洗澡吗？）所以本句应该如例1来表达，或者用一般过去时表达如下：I took a bath yesterday.（昨天我洗了澡。）如果由上下文的文意，或者对谈中的话意可

23、以了解“动作正在进行中的时间”，单句里就使用过去进行时来表达是很普通的，例如：A：I called you up yesterday evening.B：Did you? At what time?A：At around ten oclock. （大约在十点钟。）B：Oh, I was taking a bath then.（哦，当时我正在洗澡。）过去进行时在表达上常用的句式是如例2所示和另一个一般过去时的动作相搭配。请观察下面的图解说明：过去有二动作A和B（如图示），在B动作发生时稍早发生的A动作正好在进行中，所以这种表达法通常都是复句（主句+副词从句）。例如：When I got up t

24、his morning, Mother was preparing breakfast in the kitchen.（今天早上我起床时妈妈正在厨房里准备早餐。“Mother。”是主句，“when，”是副词从句。）常用于修饰过去进行时的时间副词：过去的某一定点时刻（at + 过去的时刻），then （= at that time）（那时，当时），all + 时间，“When/While/As”等副词从句，etc.Unit 4 He said I was hard-workingevery Saturday每周六first of all首先bothand两者都（谓语动词要注意对称原则）neith

25、er.nor 两者都不（谓语动词要注意就近和对称原则）most of绝大多数an exciting week令人兴奋的一周agree on something同意某人的计划；对.取得 一致意见agree to do sth.答应/同意做pass on 传递be supposed to do sth.被期望或被要求做. .be mad at 对疯狂/生气do better in=be better at 在.方面做得更好be in good health 身体健康report card 成绩单sound /feel /smell /taste /look 是连系动词，一般只能跟adj.做表语so

26、und like/feel like/smell like/taste like/look like听起来像/感觉像/闻起来像/尝起来像/看起来像+sb./sth.get over克服；恢复；原谅open up 打开/展开/开发/揭露care for照料；照顾；意愿；计较have a party for sb.为某人举行一次聚会end-of-year exam=final exam期末考试本单元目标句型：间接引语句型转述他人话语:What did sb. say? He said I She said sheThey said许老师告诉我徐梦蝶会说二种语言。Mr. Xu told me tha

27、t XuMengdie could speak three languages.许老师说地球绕着太阳转。Mr. Xu said (that)the earth turns around the sun.许老师告诉我他将去北京。She told me he would go to Beijing the next day.许老师说欧洋正在做作业Mr. Xu said OuYang was doing his homework at that time.许老师说王硕研勤奋。Mr. Xu said Wang Shuoyan was hard-working.在英语上，与听相比，我更擅长于读。In E

28、nglish, Im better at reading than listening.情况怎样？Hows it going?她不想再当我最好的朋友了。She didnt want to be my best friend anymore.本单元语法讲解:直接引语和间接引语（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从 句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语 从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述

29、动词said，asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原 来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。 例如： Tom said to me, “My brother is doing his homework.” Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；根据意义进行相应的变化。 例如： She asked Jack, “Where have you been?” She asked Jack where he had been. He said,“These books are