职称英语卫生类含ABC类新增文章.docx

1、职称英语卫生类含ABC类新增文章2015职称英语教材新增文章2015年职称英语教材卫生类的变动比较小，一共只有5篇新增文章。2015年职称英语教材卫生类新增的5篇文章，分布在阅读判断、阅读理解和补全短文：阅读判断综合A新增一篇文章；阅读理解卫生C新增一篇文章；补全短文卫生A、B和C各新增一篇文章。完形填空卫生类整体都没有新增文章。卫生类教材新增文章阅读判断卫生A Inquest told of hospital error阅读理解卫生C第五篇Tracking Down HIV补全短文卫生C第二篇The Hope Childrens Hospice补全短文卫生B第七篇Powering Nappi

2、ng is Good for the I.Q.补全短文卫生A第十二篇The enemy Within2015年卫生类职称英语教材新增文章的对比目录如下：旧文章新增文章卫生C阅读理解第五篇：U.S. Eats Too Much Salt第五篇：Tracking Down HIV补全短文第二篇 Bedwetting第二篇：The Hope Childrens Hospice卫生B补全短文第七篇 Reinventing the Table第七篇：Powering Napping is Good for the I.Q卫生A阅读判断第十二篇：First Self-contained Heart Imp

3、lanted第十二篇：Inquest told of hospital error补全短文第十二篇 More Efforts Urged to Empower Women at AIDS Conference第十二篇：The enemy Within卫生C阅读理解新增文章第五篇Tracking Down HIVIn the summer of 1980, a patient had a strange purplish spot removed from below his ear. It was Kaposis sarcoma, a rare form of skin cancer. Thi

4、s patient also had lymph node swelling and exhaustion. In November 1980, a Los Angeles immunologist examined a young man who had diseases linked to immune system malfunctions. The doctor had a T-cell count taken of the patients blood. T-cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role1in i

5、mmune responses. The patient had no helper T-cells.By the end of 1980, 55 Americans were diagnosed with infections related to immune system breakdown; four had died. A year later the death toll was 74. Intravenous drug users had T-cell abnormalities. People who had received blood transfusions showed

6、 symptoms of immune system breakdown. By July 1982, 471 cases of the disease, now called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), had been reported; 184 people had died.In April 1984, American virologist Dr. Robert Gallo isolated the pathogen, or disease producer, responsible for2AIDS. He called

7、it HTLV-III. In Paris, Dr. Luc Montagnier identified a virus he called LAV. An international panel of scientists determined that both men had found the same virus. It became known as Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Blood banks began screening for HTV in 1985, but by then about 29,000 people had

8、been infected through blood transfusions. Some 12,000 hemophiliacs had contracted HIV through blood-clotting products. By 1995, 477,900 Americans had AIDS; 295,500 had died.In 1996, researchers announced drugs that reduced HIV in infected people. Today scientists are testing vaccines and believe tha

9、t if HIV can be suppressed, then perhaps it can beeradicated3, but it is still a race against time.词汇：spotn.地点，斑点，斑块，青春痘lymphn.淋巴结sarcoman.肿瘤，肉瘤，恶性毒瘤exhaustionn.衰竭，耗尽，精疲力竭immunologistn.免疫学家malfunctionn.故障，失灵，疾病countn.计数，计算infectionn.传染病，感染breakdownn.故障，衰弱，崩溃tolln.代价，死亡人数intravenous drugn.静脉注射药物abnor

10、malitiesn.(abnormality的复数形式)畸形，异常情况blood transfusionn.输血symptomn.症状virologistn.病毒学家virusn.病毒paneln.座谈小组，仪表板hemophiliacn.血友病患者vaccinen.疫苗注释：1play a key role.扮演一个关键角色，有至关重要的作用2be responsible for.对负责，是的原因3can be eradicated可以被根除的练习：1This passage is mainly about _.Athe spreading of the disease known as H

11、IVBthe work of Dr. Robert GalloCinfectious diseasesDthe symptoms of HIV2A T-cell is a _.Apatients bloodBdeadly strain of tuberculosisCwhite blood cell important in providing immunity to diseaseDred blood cell3The final paragraph leads the reader to see that scientists _.Ahave no hope in ever finding

12、 a cure for HIVBhave hope that a cure for HIV will be foundChave run out of time to find a cure for HIVDare in a contest against each other to find a cure for HIV4The basic pattern used to develop this passage is _.Achronological orderBpersonal narrativeCcomparison and contrastDquestion and answer5T

13、he word u eradicated the last paragraph means _.Amade extremeBcelebratedCremove by rubbingDgotten rid of entirely答案与题解：1A从开篇的病例介绍，到后面感染人数的不断上升可以推断出，这篇文章的主旨是讲艾滋病病毒在美国的传播。从第二段中的最后一句话可以看出，人们最初对艾滋病的冠名是在1982年7月，而那时全美已有病例471起，并有184人死亡了，因此可以推断出是讲该病毒的传播的。2C第一段的最后一句话里对T细胞进行了定义，即其为白细胞的一种，并在免疫效应中起关键作用，因此答案是选项3

14、B文章最后一段的最后一句话提到了解题线索，即现在科学家正在测试预防艾滋病的疫苗，他们相信，如果该病毒能被抑制，就可能被根治。4A该题为对文章线索总结题，chronological order意思为“按照时间次序”，chronological意思为“时间的”，从该文中的几个时间点来看，人们对于艾滋病的接触、了解、应对、研究，应该是按照不同年份进行的，故答案为选项A。5D本题为词义推断题，eradicate的本义为“根除”，本题的解题线索在最后一段最后一句话的前半句，即“Today scientists are testing vaccines and believe that if HIV ca

15、n be suppressed”，只要了解suppress的词义，即“抑制”，那么结合后面then（于是，那么）这个关联词就可以推断出后面的动词短语应该和“根治”有关，本题选项中的前三个选项均不含该意思，故答案为选项D。选项A为“成为极端”，选项B为“庆祝”，选项C为“通过摩擦被消除”，和前句大意均不相符。卫生C补全短文新增文章第二篇 The Hope Childrens HospiceThe Hope Childrens Hospice provides free specialist care for children with life-limiting conditions who a

16、re not expected to live into adulthood. It cares for up to eight terminally-ill children at one time, and aims to care for them in the same way their families would care for them at home. _1_Life-limiting conditions present many long-term medical and emotional problems-not only for the child, but fo

17、r parents and siblings too. So the hospice offers respite care-short stays for the child alone or for the whole family together. _2_ Short stays give terminally-ill children an opportunity to meet others with similar conditions.Each child at the hospice has their own carer and their own care plan. A

18、 normal day might start with a jacuzzi bath followed by a massage from a complementary therapist. _3_The hospice has a multi-sensory room. _4_ It has touch-screen computers, video games, paddling pools, anti space for wheelchair dancing. Children have music therapy and can record their own music, no

19、t only as a way to express their feelings, but to leave something for their family and friends to listen to in the years to come.The hospice has a number of quiet moms where we care for children during and after death. _5_ Our support does not end with death. We help not just grieving parents, but a

20、lso siblings who are experiencing bereavement. We give everyone opportunities to discuss their fears about death and dying.词汇：hospicen.收容所，救济院，临终关怀respiten.缓期执行caren.临时看护adulthoodn.成年，成人期siblingn.兄弟姊妹therapistn.理疗币paddlingn.划动pooln.戏水池bereavementn.丧亲，丧友注释：1live into adulthood.长大成人，活到成年2in the years

21、to come.在大限将至之日，最后期限临近之时练习：AThese are places where families and friends can say goodbye.BSome children go to school, while others play with hospice play specialists.CWhen families prefer to do the caring themselves, a hospice carer will go to their home and help them.DThis is a special room which st

22、imulates the childrens senses with lights, music, touch, and smell.EThey become confused about time, place, and who people are.FAt these times, parents hand over responsibilities to the staff and have a “holiday”.答案与题解：1C选项C的本意是，当这些儿童的家人希望能够亲自照料这些子女时，救济院的看护人员将会上门为其提供帮助，与前句中“为患儿提供家人般的关照”形成呼应。2E该选项意为“

23、他们对于时间、地方以及人们的身份产生了疑惑”。这里他们指的是上文中的患儿和其家人。第二段第一句话中已经显示，在接受长期药物治疗后，患儿和其家人都会出现一定程度上的身心问题，这句话和前文中的话逻辑衔接，所以答案为选项E。3B上文中提到的患儿一天的治疗安排，是按照从早开始的时间顺序进行的，在介绍完患儿早间的治疗活动后，文章对其一天之后的行为进行解释，而本句话的意思为“一些患儿去上学，另一些则和救济院的游戏专家一起玩”，和上文形成了补充搭配。4D该选项是对救济院特殊的游戏房间进行解释描述的，而最先提及该房间的就是第四段的第一句话，故补充在其后面，对其进行补充说明。5A该选项和上下文呼应，解题线索为下

24、句中提到的“服务不会随着死亡而结束”，从这里可以知道上文提到的房间是关于患儿亡故的，那么这间房子的用途就是该选项所描述的“为患儿亲属提供一个对其进行最后告别的场所”。卫生B补全短文新增文章*第七篇 Power Napping is Good for the I.Q.Today we hear more and more about the importance of getting enough sleepabout eight hours a night. Sleep can help heal and give energy to both the body and the brain.

25、_1_ It seems almost certain that the third of our lives that we spend asleep has a great effect on the two-thirds that we are awake. Sleep affects our emotions, memory, focus, and behavior.Studies show that people in developed countries spend less time asleep and more time at work or commuting. Dr.

26、Karine Spiegel, at the University of Chicago, has found that the average length of sleep has gone down from nine hours a night in 1910 to seven-and-a-half hours a night today. However, our bodies cannot function well without enough sleep. _2_ According to Canadian scientist Dr. Stanley Coren, every

27、hour of lost sleep at night causes us to lose one I.Q. point the next day. For example, when someone gets only five or six hours of sleep each night for a week, the persons I.Q. could go down 15 points or more. _3_Most sleep experts say that humans need at least eight hours of sleep every day, but i

28、t should be in two stages: a long sleep at night and a shorter nap in the afternoon. Some companies help their employees follow this advice. _4_ They say this makes the workers much more efficient.To study sleep deprivation (not getting enough sleep), scientists use a test called the Multiple Sleep

29、Latency Test (MSLT). During the test, a person stays in a darkened, quiet room during the daytime. Scientists believe that a sleep-deprived person will fall asleep quickly. If it takes ten minutes or longer to fall asleep, the person is probably getting enough sleep.Scientists have also found that t

30、he time of year seems to affect how much sleep we need. _5_ However, in the summer, people sometimes sleep as little as six hours, without having any problems.词汇：emotionn.情绪commutingn.乘公交车上下班，通勤I.Q.n.智商（全称为intelligent quotient）deprivationn.剥夺，匮乏Sleep Latency Testn.睡眠潜伏期注释：1have/has an effect on. 对有效

31、果的2go down from. to.从降至练习：AThey allow them to “power nap” in the afternoon, if only for 20 minutes.BLosing just one or two hours of sleep a night, over a long period of time, can cause serious health problems.CPeople usually sleep longer in the winter, sometimes as much as 14 hours a night.DPeople in power are more intelligent because they take naps.