英语语法全概括.docx

1、英语语法全概括第一章 主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句一、主语从句1、what和that 的区别what引导从句，充当主、宾、表语that不充当成分，但不可省略EG:That he passed the exam surprised us.2、where how why 都能引导主语从句，据句意而定3、if与whether的区别 主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词宾语从句后面跟不定式，只用whether，不用if EG: Whether he will come doesnt matter. If depends on whether it rains or not.4、主语从句做主语谓动用单数

2、二、宾语从句1、宾语从句的语序和时态语序：宾语从句永远用疑问句引导陈述句时态：如果主语的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句可用任何时态 如果主语谓语动词是过去时，从句必须用过去的任何时态EG：He asked me what my name was.He asked me what was the matter.2、混合疑问句疑问句+do you think/believe/suppose+陈述句 EG:What do you think he loves?三、表语从句（同位语从句一样）China is no longer what is used to beWhat Ill tell you is

3、that he wont come here this afternoon.四、同位语从句修饰fact/belif/chance/news/phonght/promise等可能是同位语从句，也可能是定语从句若引导词充当成分，则为定从若不充当成分，则为同从*that不可以省略，不可以用which替代。第二章动词短语1SET set up 成立 Set off出发，动身set off for；引起，使引爆 Set out 出发;开始着手做；说出，阐明 Set about doing 开始着手做 Set free 释放 Set aside 留出做 Set foot in立足 Be set in以为背

4、景2CALL call on sb拜访某人 Call on sb to do号召做 Call at someplace摆放某地 Call for需要 Call in召集来 Call off取消 Call out大声喊 Call up召醒，打电话3GIVE give off放出光热 Give out分发、精疲力竭（没有被动语态） Give away赠送 Give in to sb/ sth投降屈服 Give up放弃 Give away to让道；屈服4WORK work with 与一起工作 Work out 算出；锻炼 Work as 做的工作 Work harded 努力工作 Work o

5、n 从事于；忙于5BREAK break out 爆发，发出（水火灾害，战争） Break down 车坏了，抛锚；人累垮了；分解（化学变化）；消除误会 Break up分解（物理变化） Break into/in 插话、打岔；强行闯入 Break through 突破 Break away from 脱离 6 JOIN join the Party/League/club成为一员 Join to把和连接起来 Join sb in sth/in doing sth 和一同做 Join up连接起来 7 TAKE take up 拿起；占据；接受；从事 Take over接管 Take off

6、起飞；脱下；成功；拿走 Take in 吸引；欺骗 Take down 写下；记下；取下 Take place发生（按计划安排） Take part in 参加 Take sth seriously 认真严肃对待 Take sth for granted 想当然 Take on 呈现；承担 8 LIVE live on 以为生（rice/salary） Live by doing 靠为生 Live with 与住在一起；忍受 Live up to 不辜负 Live though 经历；度过 9 TURN turn on/off打开；关掉 Turn up调高；出现 Turn down调低；拒绝

7、Turn to sb求救于；求教于 Turn to sth转向 Turn out结果是；证明是 Turn into 变成 Turn twenty刚过二十岁 Turn teacher成为一名教师 Turn over翻身；翻地 Turn in 上交10 CUT cut down 砍到 Cut up砍碎 Cut through凿通 Cut off切断 Cut in 插话11 LOOK look for/at/after找；看；照顾 Look out 向外看；小心 Look into向里看；调查 Look though浏览；仔细查看 Look up 向上看；查找； Look down瞧不起 Look

8、up to仰望；尊敬 Look as 把看成12 GET get through接通电话；完成；通过 Get over 克服；恢复（健康） Get on/along with sb相处 Sth进展 Get in torch with 取得联系 Get rid 摆脱 Get behind on 落后；落下 Get across理解；明白13 STAND stand up站起来 Stand for代表 Stand out杰出；显眼 Stand by 袖手旁观；支持14 CHECK check in 住店 Check out 结账15 GO go wrong/bad/mad 变得不好 Go with

9、out 没有什么；勉强活下来 Go +adv进展得 Go up/down上升；下降（价格） Go by消失（时间）；经过 Go ahead 说吧；用吧 Go for 努力获取 Go on doing/to do /with 继续；接着做另一件事16 COME come up with 提出；想出 Come across 偶然遇到 Come to 达到；提到 Come up to走上前来 Come up 上来 Come out出版；开花；结果 Come on 加油；快点吧；得了吧17 PICK pick sth 栽 Pick ones pocket 偷的包 Pick up 拾起；搭载；接受；偶尔

10、学到；恢复健康 Pick out挑选出18 MAKE make up 组成；构成 be Make of/ from/in/ into 制成 make up for弥补；编造；化妆 make out辨别出 make the most of best +sth to do充分利用 good use of make up ones mind 下定决心19 ATTEND attend the meeting/class/the weeding/the funeral 出席 Attend to照顾 Attend for顾及到；考虑到20 KEEP keep off 别碰 Keep out不让进来 Kee

11、p up坚持；维持 Keep away from脱离 Keep on doing继续做 Keep up with跟上；追上；赶上 Keep back阻止 Keep sb doing/ from doing 使一直做；阻止做21 KONCK knock off把从撞下来 Knock down撞到 Knock over撞翻 Knock out of敲打出22 DIE die of死于内因 Die from死于外因 Die out灭绝 Die away逐渐消失 Be dying to sth渴望做23 PAY pay for付款 Pay off 还清 Pay back偿还24 PUT put on

12、收起来穿上；上演 Put up 举起；粘贴；住宿 Put off推迟 Put out扑灭；平息 Put away收起来留作以后用 Put up with忍受25 BRING bring in 引进；赚的 Bring up 抚养；呕吐 Bring about 引起第三章状语、定语从句一、状语从句：1、引导词词意：(1)although/while/though/as 虽然(2)when/while/as当什么时候(3)because/since/as/for 因为(4)since/now that 既然(5)every time/each time/the first time 无引导词(6)a

13、s soon as/immidentily/the moment/the minute/the instant 一就 (7)as long as/so long as/on condition that /prodided that 只要 (8)even though/even if 即使 (9)as if/as though 好像 (10)unless 如果不 Once 一旦就 In cass that 万一 For fear that 害怕；担心 (11)so that /in order that 为了以便 ，so that 结果 (12)so that So adj+n+that 那么

14、，以至于 Suah+n+that Such a+adj+n+that 地点状语从句：只要where 引导 (13)whatever/whoever/however So much/many/few/little+n 只能引导状语从句 No matter where /how 无论补充：时间、条件等状语从句只用一般现代时，表示将来时，没有现在时用完成时，主句用将来时 if do, will do二、定语从句必须分析引导词在从句中所充当的成分1、先行词为物，引导词用that/which/whose(1)只用that,不用which先行词为最高级序数词既有人又有物不定代词All/ anyone/ n

15、or(2)只用which,不用that介词提前非限定性定语从句2、先行词为人，引导词用who/that/whose/whomHe is the boy whose father is a police说明：（1）介词提前只用whom （2）those-who （3）非限定定语从句不用that 3、先行词为地点，引导词用where/which 4、先行词为时间，引导词用when或介词+which 5、先行词为the reason 引导词用why ,for which 6、先行词为the way ,引导词用that/in which/无 7、定语从句修饰整个句子，引导词用which/as (1)a

16、s 引导定语从句可放在主句前中后 which 引导定语从句只能放在主句后 *(2)定语从句是主谓宾结构，引导词充当主语只用which (3)译文是“正如，像”，只用as 不用which 8、定语从句引导词做主语，谓语动词和先行词保持一致 9、He is one of the students,who were praised by teacher He is the only one of the students,who was praised by teachers第四章半系动词、情态动词一、半系动词半系动词无进行时，无被动语态，加adj做表语1、appear,seem好像2、smell,

17、taste.feel.sound.look起来3、become,tuin,grow,go变得4、keep,stay,remain保持5、prove,turn out 结果是；证明是重点：Remain to be seem 仍然需要Stay hot 仍然热Stay fit 保持健康 二情态动词1、should 应该；理应；万一；竟然2、shall 用于一、三人称的问句中征求第二者意见shall I？shall he？ 用于二三人称的陈述句中表示命令、警告、许诺、允诺等3、will 愿意；临时决定将要做；保证（用语答语）；习惯（would表过去，will表现在）4、would和used to be

18、 的区别used to do 过去常常（暗示现在不做了）可以带时间状语，可不带时间状语would过去习惯 （无暗示）必须与过去的时间状语连用5、can和be able to的区别（1）can能、可能（做没做不知道）（2）be able to 能做（同时成功做到了）6、must 必须 mustnt禁止；偏要 （不能加过去完成时） 一定（猜测）7、猜测（*）（1）肯定猜测： may/minght/must do（2）否定猜测：may not/might not/cant do（3）问句猜测：can/could？ 猜测的反意疑问句与情态动词无关，和原句时态保持一致8、must/may/might/c

19、ant/could/need/should/ought to/would+have doneA:did /have doneB:情+have done 9、may/might+as well do 不妨做10、can not/can never+too 怎么做都不过分11、it couldnt be better 太好了12、need /dare 既是情态动词有事实意动词第五章虚拟语气1、if did,would do 与现在事实相反的虚拟if had done,would have done 与过去事实相反的虚拟if did would do 与将来事实相反的虚拟 were to do sh

20、ould do 2、as if/wish/would rather/if only+do had done 3、suggest/insist/order/demand/recommend/require that (should) do4、without/but forwould do would have done5、It is high time that did Should do 该是做的时间 To do For sb to sb说明：（1）虚拟语气中的省略（3）错综虚拟第六章非谓语动词、独立主格一、非谓语动词不定式：1结构：to do -to be done 经常或将来动作 To h

21、ave done-to have been done 表示在谓语动词前已经发生了 To be doing 正在进行的动作 2成分：主宾表定状补，除谓语外皆可（1）补语Make/let/have/see/hear+sb do不定式省略toWant/ask/wish/get/order+sb to do 不省略to（2）状语（*）目的状语 in order to / so as to 结果状语 only/never/hardly/simply to do（3）定语EG:I need a room to live in Please give me a pen to write with（4）主宾表

22、To look after the baby is my job today(主)Hope/want/expect/wish to do 宾语动名词：1结构： Doing-being done Having done-having been done2成分：主宾表定（1）宾语A、Avoid/suggest/escape/imagine/appreciate/delay/stand+doingB、Look foword to/pay attention to/be devoted to/contribute to/get down to/be used to/be accustomed to /

23、refer to/belong to/stick to+doingC、Remember to do 记得将做 Doing 记得做过Forget to do 忘记做（没做） Doing 忘记做过Regret to do 遗憾做 Doing 后悔做过Mean to do 打算做 Doing 意味做Like to do 具体一次 Doing 经常性的Stop to do 停下来做另一件事 Doing 停止做（2）主表定 Seeing Is believing The sleeping car 卧铺车3、复合结构动名词前加所有格若充当宾语则省略所有格若充当主语则必须用所有格 4、介词+doing分词1

24、、结构 Doing 分词一般时表示经常或正在进行的动作Having done 分词完成时 表示在谓语动作之前完成了 只作状语Done vt.既表示被动又表示完成 Vi.只表示完成2、成分：（1）状语分词就不能做目的状语分词做状语等于状语从句分词做状语主语必须一致（2）补语表被动+ed表主动+ing（3）定语 分词做定语=定语从句（4）表语N ot+非谓语动词Be+determined to/dressed in/ faced with/tired of /devoted to 在句中充分定补状语把“be”去掉三、独立主格结构构成：n/代+doing/done/to do sth介短使用：分词做

25、状语、主语必须一致，主语不一致用独立主格结构第七章 时态一般时 现在 is am are do does 过去 was were did 将来 will do 进行时 现在 are am is + doing 过去 were was +doing 将来 will be doing 现在完成进行时：has /have been+doing完成时 现在 has have +done 过去 had done 将来 will have +done 过去将来完成时 would do说明：（1）与现在完成时搭配的时间状语 So far/recently/lately/in the past five ye

26、ars/sine/ever since/since then/dready/yet（2）过去时的语境（3）always用于现在进行时表示厌烦或赞成的情绪（4）所有将来时的表达法：Abe to do 表示按计划安排做B. be about to do 表示瞬间 马上要发生 不能加时间状语 但可以与when从句搭配C be doing 终止性动词的进行时表示将来时D一般现在时表示将来时a 国家或法定时间b 时间或条件等状语从句中 E. be going to 打算做 F 临时决定做用will被动语态：be +过去分词第八章特殊句型1、倒装（1）全倒装：谓语提到主语之前1.介词短语充当地点状语放句首

27、，句子使用全倒装 2.here/there/up/in/then放句首，句子使用全倒装 （2） 部分倒装：系动词，助动词，情态动词，提到主语前 1.否定副词放在句首：never/handly/seldom/little/not in no time/by no means/no where/in no contriy/not until 2.only 在状语放句首使用部分倒装 3.so do I 也 So I do 的确如此 I do so 就那么做 4.so/such放在句首句子适合用部分倒装 5.not only but also 联系两句话 not only 放句首，句子使用部分倒装 6

28、.虚拟语句中if省略句子使用倒装 7.as “虽然” 必然使用倒装2、主谓一致（1）主语+as well as /together with /but/like/except+代词 谓语动词与主语保持一致 和介词名词无关（2）most,some.half,part.3/2,70%,the rest of+ n谓语动词与名词，代词保持一致（3）the+名单/and+名单 谓语动词用单数（4）shoes/trousers/gloves/glasses 谓语动词用附属 但是如果有量词修饰，谓语动词取决量词（5）not onlybut also/eighteror/neighter nor/notbu

29、t/or/there be 谓语动词 取决于就近一致原则（6）the number of 谓语动词用单数a number of 谓语动词用复数a large of 谓语动词用单数large quantitres of 谓语动词用复数（7）each、every,no+n and ,each,every,no+n 谓语动词用单数（8）many a+名单 谓语动词 用单数（9） class/family/govermengt/group等 表示整体谓语动词用单数 表示成员谓语动词用复数三、感叹句What+n+主谓How +adj/adv+主谓What+a+adj/adv+n 主谓How+adj/adv+a+n+主谓四、强调句1、it is/was+强调部分+that 陈述句is/was it+强调部分+ that?一般疑问句疑问句+is/was it+ what 从句 特殊疑问句2、主语+do/does/did+动原 的确五、反意疑问句1、祈使句的反意疑问句Pass me the book,will you ?Dont be late next time,will you ?2、 Let us，will you ?Lets，shall we ?3、含有宾语从句的复合句，反意疑问句取决于主句，但若主语是I dont think/believe/suppose取决