英国文学.docx

1、英国文学一、GeofferyChaucer杰弗里乔叟13431400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰德莱顿（JohnDryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作坎特伯雷故事集。)ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.Writingstyle:wisdom,humor,humanity.作品：坎特伯雷故事集：firsttimetouseheroiccouplet(双韵体)bymiddleEnglish特罗勒斯与克丽西德声誉之堂公爵夫人之书百鸟议会二、WilliamShakespeare威廉莎士比亚15641616lplaywright,poet评价comment

2、s：WidelyregardedasthegreatestwriterinEnglishliterature莎士比亚同时代戏剧家本琼森（BenJohnson）-他不属于一个时代，而是属于。（Hewasnotofanage,butforalltime.）作品：Historicalplays:HenryVI;HenryIV:RichardIII;HenryV；RichardII；HenryVIIIFourComedies:皆大欢喜;第十二夜;仲夏夜之梦;威尼斯商人FourTragedies:哈姆莱特;奥赛罗;李尔王;麦克白ShakespeareSonnet:154Threequatrainando

3、necouplet,ababcdcdefefgg三、FrancislBacon弗兰西斯培根15611626Baconsquote1、knowledgeispower知识就是力量。2、Beautyisassummerfruits,whichareeasytocorrupt,andcannotlast;andforthemostpartitmakesadissoluteyouth,andanagealittleoutofcountenance美犹如盛夏的水果，是容易腐烂而难保持的，世上有许多美人，她们有过放荡的青春，却迎受着愧悔的晚年。3、Naturalabilitiesarelikenatura

4、lplants,thatneedpruningbystudy;andstudiesthemselvesdogiveforthdirectionstoomuchatlarge,excepttheybeboundedinbyexperience.天生的能力好像天然生成的植物，必须通过学习加以修整；然而学习本身如若不由实践去约束，必然方向纷杂而漫无目的。4、Virtueislikearichstone,bestplainset美德好比宝石，在朴素背景的衬托下反而更华丽。评价thefounderofEnglishmaterialistphilosophy.Thefounderofmodernscien

5、ceinEngland.arepresentativeoftheEnglishrenaissance.awell-knownphilosopher,scientistandessayist.Baconsworksestablishandpopularizeaninductivemethodologyforscientificinquiry,oftencalledtheBaconianmethod.Induction（归纳法）impliesdrawingknowledgefromthenaturalworldthroughexperimentation,observation,andtestin

6、gofhypotheses.（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.n马克思称他为“英国唯物主义及现代实验科学之父”Writingstyle:brevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytomansrea

7、son.作品：学术的推进，总结了前人的一切知识，并进行归类。随笔新工具，阐述了归纳法新大西岛，是乌托邦性质的作品十七世纪英国诗人JohnDonnetheMetaphysicalpoet(17世纪玄学派诗人)Englishpoet,preacherHewasthemostoutstandingoftheEnglishMetaphysicalPoets作品：SongsandSonnets歌与十四行诗TheFlea跳蚤TheGood-Morrow早安BreakofDay破晓Epithalamions,ormarriagesongs颂歌Elegies挽歌OnHisMistressToHisMistre

8、ssGoingtobedDivinepoems圣歌HolySonnets神圣十四行诗AttheRoundEarthsImaginedCorner,BelowDeathBeNotProudArtisticfeatures:1.conceitsorimagery奇思妙喻2.syllogism三段论JohnMilton约翰弥尔顿16081674JohnMiltonwasanEnglishpoet,政论家，polemicist(辩论家）HeisbestknownforhisepicpoemParadiseLost,whichisconsideredasthegreatestEnglishliterar

9、yepic.评价：WilliamHayleys1796biographycalledhimthegreatestEnglishauthor.HeremainsgenerallyregardedasoneofthepreeminentwritersintheEnglishlanguageandasathinkerofworldimportance.写作的3个主题:ChurchgovernmentDivorceRepublicanism作品：1637：Lycidas利西达斯1650：Areopagitica为英国人民声辩1667:ParadiseLost失乐园是无韵体1671:ParadiseRe

10、gained复乐园1671:SamsonAgonistes力士参孙Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalofItaliansonnet.ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbestwhocanendurethesufferingbest.冒险小说作家DanielDefoe丹尼尔笛福16601731小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。HestartedTheReview,apoliticalandl

11、iterarymagazineinprison.1704年，他创办评论杂志，这是英国第一份定期出版的社会和政治刊物。评价：Heiscalled“TheFatheroftheEnglishfiction”（英国小说之父）考，填空Heisthefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular,andheisthefounderofrealisticnovel.作品：TheLifeandStrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCr

12、usoe鲁宾逊漂流记ItpraisesthefortitudeofthehumanlaborandthePuritan.Robinsongrewfromanaiveandartlessyouthintoashrewdandhardenedman,temperedbynumeroustrialsinhiseventfullife.Itisanadventurestory,Robinson,narrateshowhegoestosea,getsshipwreckedandmaroonedonalonelyisland,strugglestolivefor24-yearsthereandfinall

13、ygetsrelievedandreturnstoEngland.CaptainSingleton辛格顿船长MollFlanders摩尔弗兰德斯AJournalofthePlagueYear大疫年日记Roxana罗克萨娜JonathanSwift乔纳森斯威夫特16671745十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家amastersatirist。作品：ATaleofaTub一只桶的故事ThebattleoftheBooks书籍之战TheDrapiersLetter布商来信AModestProposal一个温和的建议GulliversTravels格列佛游记Fourparts:Lilliput小人国Br

14、obdingnag大人国FlyingIsland飞岛Houyhnhnm马岛浪漫主义诗人一WilliamBlake威廉布莱克17571827PoetandPainterEngraverDevelopedownmythology/religionFirstmajor“Romantic”poet英国文学史上最复杂、最有个性的诗人之一他打破了18世纪新古典主义的教条，用歌谣和无韵体诗来书写理想和生活。Featuresofhispoems1.useofsimplelanguage2.serious,somberthemes3.lyricalbeauty4.symbolism5.mysticism常出现的

15、主题：Good&evilHeaven&hellKnowledge&innocenceExternalreality&inner作品：PoeticalSketches诗的素描SongsofInnocence天真之歌ahappyandinnocentworldfromchildrenseye.Include:LambisasymbolofpeaceandpurityTheBookofThel塞尔书TheMarriageofHeavenandHell天堂和地狱的结合SongsofExperience经验之歌awordofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionw

16、ithamelancholytonefrommeneyes.Include:、TygerisasymbolofdreadandviolenceVisionsoftheDaughtersofAlbion阿尔比昂的女儿们之幻想TheSongofLos罗斯之歌RobertBurns罗伯特彭斯17591796ScottishpoetandwriteroftraditionalScottishfolksongs,whoseworksareknownandlovedwherevertheEnglishlanguageisread.是英国苏格兰著名的农民诗人。ThegreatestScottishpoeti

17、nthelate18thcentury.PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗约翰安德生，我的爱人一朵红红的玫瑰n往昔时光不管那一套n我的心在那高原上作品：Poems,chieflyintheScottishdialect苏格兰方言诗集TheTreeofLiberty自由树带有名著明主进步思想Scots,WhaHae苏格兰人HolyWilliesPrayer威利长老的祈祷无情的嘲讽了教会的虚伪和地主对农民的压迫TheTwaDogs,两只狗WilliamWordsworth威廉华兹华斯17701850与SamuelTaylorColeridge柯尔

18、律治、RobertSouthey骚塞同被称为LakePoets“湖畔派”诗人。评价：amajorEnglishRomanticpoet享有自然诗人的美誉PoetLaureate:“桂冠诗人”withColeridgehelpedtolaunchtheRomanticAgeinEnglishliteraturewiththe1798jointpublicationLyricalBallads.抒情歌谣集，thePreludeisconsideredasthedeclarationofRomanticism英国浪漫主义的宣言.作品：抒情歌谣集(withSamuelTaylorColeridge)/

19、Daffodils/TheDaffodilsTheme:1.Natureembodieshumanbeingsintheirdiversecircumstance.Itisnaturethatgiveshim“strengthandknowledgefullofpeace”2.Itisblisstorecallthebeautyofnatureinpoetmindwhileheisinsolitude.Comment:Thepoetisverycheerfulwithrecallingthebeautifulsights.Inthepoemonthebeautyofnature,theread

20、erispresentedavividpictureoflivelyandlovelydaffodils(水仙)andpoetsphilosophicalideasandmysticalthoughts.LinesComposedAFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey丁登寺杂咏Ode:IntimationsofImmortality不朽颂TheSolitaryReaper孤独的割麦女LucyPoems露西序曲SamuelTaylorColeridge塞缪尔泰勒科尔律治17721834TheLakePoetsEnglishlyricalpoet,critic,andphilosop

21、her,whoseLyricalBallads,writtenwithWordsworth,startedtheEnglishRomanticmovement.作品：古舟子颂克丽斯塔贝尔忽必烈汗Artisticfeatures:mysticism,demonismwithstrongimagination,astrangeterritory半夜冰霜忧郁颂抒情歌谣集(withWilliamWordsworth)文学评论著作文学传记（BiographiaLiterature）JaneAusten简奥斯丁17751817lShecomparedherworkstoafineengravingupon

22、aliterarypieceofivoryonlyinchessquire.作品：理智与感情傲慢与偏见曼斯菲尔德庄园爱玛劝导诺桑觉寺IntheopeningofPrideAndPrejudice,JaneAustenstates:“Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortune,mustbeinwantofawife”.Peoplemarryformanyreasons,includingconvenience,love,infatuation,andcompanionshipthrougho

23、utthenovel.浪漫主义诗人二GeorgeGordonByron乔治戈登拜伦17881824ThemostrenownedEnglish-languagepoetofhisday.Hisbest-knownworksarethenarrativepoemsChildeHaroldsPilgrimageandDonJuan.Byronsfamerestsalsoonhislife,whichfeaturedextravagantliving,numerousloveaffairs,debts,separation,allegationsofincestandbisexualityandan

24、eventualdeathfromfeverafterhetravelledtofightontheGreeksideintheGreekWarofIndependence.作品：恰尔德哈罗德尔游记唐璜该隐诗歌：PersyByssheShelley波西比希雪莱17921822评价:oneofthemajorEnglishRomanticpoetsiscriticallyregardedamongthefinestlyricpoetsintheEnglishlanguageShelleywasfamousforhisassociationwithJohnKeatsandLordByron.作品：无神论的必要性麦布女王伊斯兰的反叛解放了的普罗米修斯Theme:thedrama