初中英语语法一百条语法攻略完整版.docx

1、初中英语语法一百条语法攻略完整版初中英语语法一百条满分攻略（完整版） 徐敏著The moon shines _ the light of the sun.1. tell的五种用法：tell sb sth （双宾语）e.g Tell me your name. 告诉你我的名字tell sb + 宾语从句e.g He told me that he had seen the film.他告诉我他已经看过这部电影tell sb to do sth（不定式作宾语补足语）e.g The teacher told us to clean the classroom.老师关照我们去打扫教室。tell sb

2、not to do sth 关照某人不要做某事（不定式 to do，否定形式用 not to do）The teacher told us not to look out of the window。老师关照我们别向窗外看 Tell 后面往往跟sb，如果sb，没有出现往往是被动语态例：We _ (tell) to start at once.在一些特殊的词组中，tell 后可以没有sbTell a lie 说谎 tell the time 报时Tell the difference between A and B讲明A和B的区别Its hard to tell Joan from John把J

3、oan和John区分开来很难Tell （sb）a story 讲故事Tell (sb) the truth 讲真话2. （1） composition v. 作文在元音因素开头的字前用aneight 八 eighteen 十八 eighty 八十Eight hundred 八百 eight thousand 八千Eleven 十一当心：one wn 数字one是元音字母开头，但不是元音因素开头e.g a one-hundred-dollar bill以元音因素开头的字母a e f h i l m n o r s xe.g I have got an “A”There is an “f” in

4、the word “fish”以元音因素开头的单词 an hour an honest boy an interesting book an American girl当心：a UFO (Uju:)对照an Unidentified Flying Objecta useful animal A university对照： an uncle An umbrella 3. friend是可数名词单数，前面一定有冠词或其他修饰的词 a friend the friend This/that friendMy/Your friend(但不能重复使用）在另一个手里 in the other hand在我

5、的另外一个手里 in my other hand.s=his=her4. teach的用法teach sb sth（双宾语）Teach us EnglishTeach our Englishteach sb a lesson 给某人一个教训teach English /Chinese 教英语/语文teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事teach oneself 自学（teach-taught-taught）5. help的用法help sb （to）do sth （to后跟动词原形，to可以省略）help sb with sth 在某方面帮助某人e.g help me with m

6、y English 在英语方面帮助我help oneself to（介词） sth （to是介词，介词后跟动名词或者名词）请随便吃些什么Help 后常跟宾格还是反身代词，关键看to后是动词还是名词：to 后跟动词，前面有宾格；to后用名词 前面用反身代词。6. 不定式作主语，用it作形式主语It is necessary for us to wash the face every day.对照：If you like this rubber,I will lend it to you.7. all，neither 和both的辨析All 是三者及三者以上的“都”（Two/both）是两者的都不

7、和twin（双胞胎）连用Neither 的用法Neither 表示两者都不，Neither 后直接跟名词，名词用单数Neither is.Neither of 后跟名词复数，但动词多用单数动词e.g 两个房间都不大Neither room is bigNeither of the roomsis big.e.g 两个答案都不对Neither answeris correct.Neither of the answers is correct.Both的用法Both his parents are workers.Both 放在主语，句首His parents are both workers.

8、Both 放在be动词后His parents both speak English.Both放在行为动词前9. Others，the other和another的辨析Others 泛指其他人，往往用句型“一些人.另一些人.”：some. others.the other表示剩下的全部（前面有一定的范围）e.g Tom and Dick are in the classroom.Where are the others?The others= the other+名词复数=the other +数字=the rest碰到不可数名词，剩下的全部只能用the rest，表示两者中的一个，要用the

9、 other E.g翻译：钟有两个指针，一个是长的，一个是短的。The clock has two hands.One is long,the other is short.Another 表示三者及三者以上的另一个e.g I dont like this one. Please show me another.10. a few,a little,few,little的辨析 A little/ little 后跟不可数名词 A few/a little表示肯定Few/little 表示否定e.g This composition is quite good.There is few mist

10、ake in it.固定搭配：quite a few、quite a little Only a few、only a littleFew/a few 用来修饰可数名词，few表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有；a few 表示肯定意思，有几个。例如：He has few friends here,he feels lonely.他在这里没朋友，他感到寂寞。There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。Little/a little 用来修饰不可数名词，little表示否定的意思，几乎没有。a little 表示肯定的意思，有一点儿，例如：There is

11、little ink in my bottle,can you give me a little ink?我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点墨水吗？11. a lot of/ lots of +可数名词复数/不可数名词，它只用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句中改用many/ muchE.g There are a lot of books in our school library.否：There arent many books in our school library.疑：Are there many books in our school library?Plenty of 后跟可数名词复数以及

12、不可数名词，它也只用于肯定句。否定句中没有many/much，疑问句中改用enough。e.g There is plenty of rain in my hometown.There isnt much rain in my hometown. Is there enough rain in your hometown? 12.until 的用法Until前的短暂动词要用否定，这个动词到until所引导的时间状语以后才开始。e.g He didnt leave his office until he finished his work.对照：He left his office after

13、he finished his work.Until 前的持续性动词用肯定，这个动作到until所引导的时间状语时结束了。e.g He waited until his mother back.13.be good at =do well in 擅长. Be better at 更擅长.14.end 的用法at the end of . 在.的尽头/末尾On the end of the pencil 在铅笔头上 in the end = at last = finally 最后by the end of last year 到去年年底为止（用于过去完成时）对照：by the end of t

14、his year 到今年年底为止（用于一般将来时）15. 介词in和on 的用法月份/年份前要用in 具体某一天的上午/下午/晚上用on：on the morning of July the sixth.16. Way的用法In this way 用这种方法 in another way 用另一种方法 on ones way to school 去学校的路上By the way 顺便.way to do.=way of doing. 做某事的方法This is the best way to plant trees =This is the best way of planting trees

15、. 这是种植树木最好的方法17. 在too.to.句型中，表示对某某人来说，介词用for。18. 在不定式做主语的句型中，形容词代表sb的性质，介词用ofe.g Its kind of you to help me English如果形容词不代表sb 的性质，介词用fore.g Its important for us to read English every morning.补充：something作主语+be+形容词+介词+sb 这里的介词一般用toe.g1.pens are important to students. 2. Smoking is harmful to you.但有五个

16、形容词用for：good，bad，difficult，hard，easye.g Smoking is bad for you. Personal informationName: MinXu First name last name Given name sur nameEnglish name： NicoleNick name : I have no nick name.(绰号）Age： Im fifteen years old .Birth place: Shanghai I was born in Shanghai.Date of birth: I was born on May the

17、 twentith ,2002Mother land: China is my mother land.Nationality: Chinese（国籍）I m Chinese 我是中国国籍的 Im a Chinese 我是中国人Height：160 cm（centimeters）Weight：50 kg（kilograms）I m 50 kilograms heavy.School:SISU Minhang Experimental SchoolFavourite subject:ChineseFavourite food:appleHobby: reading and writingFami

18、ly members: There are three members in my family.They are my father, my mother and I.Best friend : Ziyi Yu21. 表示“乘.交通工具”有三种方法：1 by bus / train/ bike/car/taxi/plane.2 On a bus/train/bike对照：in a car/ taxi/ spaceship3 Take a bus/ train Take buses22. solve solutionSolve v. 解决 Solution n. 解决的办法a solution

19、 to/ of.解决. 的办法。23. “上学迟到”两种用法：be late for school= come late to school24. Must + 动词原形表示肯定的推测 e.g Tom must be in the classroom. Tom 一定在教室里 must have done 表示对条已经发生的事情的肯定推测 e.g You must have seen this film.May+动词原形表示不肯定的推测e.g He may be in the library.May have done 对已经发生事情的不肯定推测e.g They may have been to

20、 Beijing .他们可能去过北京。表示不肯定推测，用cant+动词原形e.g The man on the playground cant be our English teacher because he is so young.在操场的男人一定不是我们的英语老师，因为他太年轻了。25because 是连词，后面跟句子，句子一定是由主语+谓语组成，这里没有谓语。介词“with”短语，可以作为伴随状况26. 表示确定的数字，用“hundreds of ”：成百上千，“thousands of”：成千上万，“millions of”：几百万所以：hundred ，thousand，milli

21、on 只有当他们有of的情况下，才能用复数，来表示不确定的数字。用了复数，前面不会有数字。e.g About _ of the tourists are old people who are from the South.A. Thousands of B two hundred C two hundred of D. two hundred.注解：只有two hundred是确定的数字，故选B。27. 普通名词组成的专有名词要大写 The great wall 长城 The Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国表示序号数字放在名词前用序数词，数字放在名词后用基数

22、词。Lesson three= the third lesson 第三课World-war-two= the second world war 二次大战Unit two= the second unit 第二单元28. more的原形：many/much Many和much 不能作表语，所以比较级more不能作表语，他们只能做定语。 e.g many students 许多学生Much water 许多水More persons 有更多的人我们图书管里的书的数目正越来越多。The number of the books in our library is becoming more and m

23、ore.正确: The number of the books in our library is becoming bigger and bigger /larger and larger/greater and greater.我们国家婴儿的数目正在变得越来越少。 The number of the babies in our country is becoming less and less.Little 不能作表语，所以less 也不能作表语。正确：The number of the babies in our country is becoming smaller and small

24、er.29.两者比较用比较级30.最高级一定有比较范围31. I dont think+宾语从句句型，译成中文，否定放在宾语从句中。32.make表示使得，后面跟形容词、名词、不定式，以及过去分词（做宾补）。e.g The good news made us happy. 这个好消息使我们开心。 We made him a great runner after hard training. 在艰苦训练后，我们使他成为了一个伟大的跑步运动员。 The boss made his child to work ten hours a day. 老板使这个小孩每天工作十个小时。I speak Engl

25、ish slowly.I want to make myself understood（过去分词表被动）.32题形容词做宾补，34题某些动词修饰sb 的时候，用过去分词起形容词的性质。33. sound 系动词后面跟形容词做定语。 某些动词当主语是something ，用现在分词起形容词的性质做表语。e.g The film is moving. 这部电影十分动人。 The book is interesting. 这本书十分有趣。34.见第32条语法35. 比较级前可以用a little，a bit，even，still，much，far，千万不能用more。36.a little 后跟比较

26、级37.some time 表示一段时间，前面往往有“for”，for some time sometime 表示某时候，往往用于将来时或过去式e.g We will have an English test sometime next week. some times 表示几次，几倍e.g I have read this book some time这本书我看了几次 sometimes 意为“有时候”，往往用于一般现在时（无特殊情况时）e.g Sometimes I go to school by bike.对照例题：Sometimes this old man _(go) to the

27、park before.38. come from From 是介词，介词后面跟名词，动名词，代名词等。39. 根据句意，得出答案。40. Weather和work是不可数名词，前面不可以用不定冠词a ，但用冠词thee.g The weather in Shanghai is changeable. 上海的天气变幻莫测。一件工作：a piece of work=a job41. show及物动词后面跟宾语，后跟名词，代名词，动名词作宾语。Interest 可以做名词和动词。某些动词，当主语是something，用现在分词起形容词的性质，做表语。e.g The book is interest

28、ing. 这本书很有趣。 The news is surprising. 这条新闻令人惊讶。The moment is exciting。这个时刻激动人心。The film is moving. 这部电影很动人。有时候这个现在分词还可以放在something前面作定语。e.g an interesting book 一本有趣的书 The surprising news 这条令人惊讶的新闻 the exciting moment 这个激动人心的时刻某些动词当主语是sb，用过去分词起形容词的性质做表语。e.g I am interested / surprised/ excited/ worrie

29、d/pleased/ satisfied/frightened. 我对.十分感兴趣、惊讶的、兴奋地、担忧的、高兴的、满意的、害怕的.42. 在中文中，我们可以说虽然. 但是. “因为. 所以.” 但英语中只能用一个e.g Although he is old ，he is active.He is old,but he is active.尽管他老了，但他还是十分活跃。Although只能放在句首，though可以放在句首也可以放在句中。In time 和on time 的区别In time 及时 （心目中一定有一个特定的时间段）e.g You must return the book in

30、time.你必须及时还书。On time 准时（心目中一定有一个特定的时间点）e.gYou must come to school on time.你必须准时到校。43. 祈使句： and/then +将来时态的句子条件状语从句用肯定句，将来时态句型。e.g Use your head， and you will find a good way. If you use your hand,you will find a good way.如果你多动脑筋，你就会找到一个好方法。祈使句： or+将来时态句型条件状语从句，将来时态句型。e.g Hurry up,or you will miss the train. If you dont hurry up,you will miss the train.如果你不尽快，你将错过火车。44. since要用于完成时态，until的两个先后时态要注意。45. Because 引导的是原因状语从句，有直接的因果关系。e.g He didnt come to school today because he was ill.Although引导让步状语从句