医学英语口语心血管词汇学习.docx

1、医学英语口语心血管词汇学习医学英语口语:心血管词汇学习基本词根:词根或词干是复合词的核心，主要来源于希腊语和拉丁语。当词根或词干之间相连接或后接后缀时，若连接处无元音字母，需加上连接元音字母0或icardio；heart心脏(electrocardiogram 心电图，cardiology心脏病学)corono；crown，the heart冠，心脏(coronary bypass冠状动脉搭桥术)aorto：aorta主动脉(aortosclerosis主动脉硬化)atrio：cavity，atrium 心房(atrioseptoplasty房间隔修补术)ventrio：ventricle心室

2、(intraventricular block室内传导阻滞)angio；vessel血管(angiogram血管造影术)vaso l a vessel血管(vasoconstrictor血管收缩剂)artero；artery动脉(arteri0stenosis动脉狭窄)veno；vein静脉(venostasis静脉淤滞)phlebo；vein静脉(thrombophlebitis血栓性静脉炎)stetho：chest胸(stethoscope听诊器stethalgia胸痛)thoraco：chest胸(thoracomyodynia胸肌痛)sphygmo：pulse脉搏(sphygmoman

3、ometer血压计，sphygmopalpation切脉)hemo；blood血(hemorrhage出血)hemato：blood血(hematuria血尿)plasmo：plasma血浆(plasmapheresis血浆除去法)thrombo；clot血块(thrombosis血栓形成)fibrofiber，fiberous tissue纤维(组织)(myocardial fibrosis心肌纤维化)agglutino；clumping凝块(agglutinogen凝集原)globo:round，globe圆的，球(globin球蛋白)sero:serum 血清(seroenzyme血清酶

4、)lympho:lymph淋巴(1ym phadenitis淋巴结炎)athero：fatty buildup脂肪堆积(atherosc1erosis动脉粥样硬化)myo：muscle肌肉(cardiomyopathy心肌病；myocardium 心肌)cyto；cell细胞(cytotoxic细胞毒的)angino；choking阻塞(anginal心绞痛的)tacho；quick快速(tachycardia心动过速)brachy: short短的(brachycardia心动过缓)2 常用后缀: 后缀加于词根词干之后，不仅改变其意义，还决定该词的词性.21 名词后缀加在词干之后，变成名词。

5、如：一ia：condition条件或情况(anemia贫血，ischemia缺血)- itis：inflammation(myocarditis心肌炎)- osis：abnormal or pathological condition(sclerosis硬化症)- ism；a condition (embolism栓塞)一(i)um ：与.有关(pericardium心包)- let：指小词(platelet血小板)一ulc：指小词(venule小静脉)一ulum：指小词(vasculum 小血管)22 形容词后缀加在词干之后，变成形容词。如：- ac，-al，一ar：.的(cardiac心脏

6、的bronchia1支气管的)- eal：.的(esophageal食道的)- ous：(intravenous静脉内的)一old，类.的，.样的(cystoid囊样的)23 复合后缀由词干和一个简单的后缀构成。如，一algia：pain(thorcalgia胸痛) 一ectasia ，dilatation扩张(venectasia静脉扩张)一emia：blood condition血液状况(1eukemia白血病)一odynia：pain 痛(cardiodynia心痛)一penia:deficiency不足(1euk0cyt0penia白血球减少)一uria:urine condition

7、尿的情况(hematuria血尿)一graphy： process of recording 记录(electrocardiography心电描记术)一lysis：dissolution溶解(hemolysis溶血)一blast：未分化的原始胚胎细胞(fibroblast成纤维细胞)一sclerosis：a hardening硬化(arteriosclerosis动脉硬化)一stenosls :a norrowing狭窄(arteriostensis动脉狭窄)一tomy：cut，incision切开(pericardiotomy心包切开术)3 常用前缀 : 前缀加于词根词干前限制其意义，多数情

8、况下一个复合词前有一个前缀，有时两个前缀叠加共同限制词义一；无，非(atypical非典型性的)an一：无，非(anuria stage无尿期 anemia贫血)anti一：against抗(antldiuretic hormone抗利尿激素)circum一：around环(circumduction环行运动)contra一：against抗(contraindication禁忌症)de一：from 从(deoxidation脱氧)dys一：bad坏，困难(dyssystole心收缩异常)endo一：inside，inner内部(endogenous内源性的，endocardial 心内膜的)

9、epi一：over，upon外部，上(epicardiolysis心外膜松解术)hyper一：above，excessive超过(hyperglycemia高血糖ventricular hypertrophy心室肥厚)hypolunder，less than normal低于正常(hyponatremia低钠血症hyposystole心收缩过弱)inter一：between在.之间(interventricular septum室间隔)intra一：within在.之内(intravenous静脉内的)pars一：beside，alongside旁，附着(paravenous静脉旁的)peri

10、 :around周围(endopericarditis心内膜心包炎)post: after后(postifarction syndrome心肌梗塞后综合症)pre一：before在.之前(precardium心前区)sub:under在.之下，亚(subleukemic leukemia亚白血性白血病)super一：above，over高于，超过(superoxide anion超氧化物阴离子)supra：above，over高于，超过(supraventricular tachycardia室上性心动过速)A阿埃艾按奥阿什曼现象(曾用名“阿希曼现象”)Ashman phenomenon阿-斯

11、综合征Adams-Stokes syndrome埃布斯坦综合征Ebstein syndrome,Ebstein anomaly艾森门格综合征Eisenmenger syndrome按需型起搏器demand pacemaker奥斯丁.弗林特杂音Austin Flint murmurB靶瓣泵闭变病并波搏不布部靶心率target heart rate瓣口反流面积regurgitant valve orifice area泵衰竭pump failure闭塞性心肌病obliterative cardiomyopathy变力性inotropic变时性chronotropic变速ramp变异型心绞痛vari

12、ant angina pectoris,Prinzmetal angina病毒性心包炎viral pericarditis病毒性心肌炎viral myocarditis病态窦房结综合征sick sinus syndrome,SSS并行收缩parasystoleQRS波群QRS complexQ波心肌梗死Q-wave myocardial infarction搏动pulsation不稳定型心绞痛unstable angina pectoris布兰德-怀特-加兰德综合征Bland-White-Garland syndrome部分阻滞partial blockC侧长超陈成程充出除触传磁侧支循环col

13、lateral circulation长Q-T间期综合征long Q-T syndrome长轴观long-axis view超常传导supernormal conduction超常激动supernormal excitation超声波ultrasonic wave超声电子计算机切面显像术ultrasonic computer tomography超声切面显像术ultrasonotomography超声全息ultrasonic holography超声束ultrasonic beam超声图ultrasonogram超声心动描记术echocardiography,ultrasonic cardio

14、graphy,UCG超声诊断ultrasonic diagnosis超速overdrive超速抑制overdrive suppression陈旧性心肌梗死old myocardial infarction成串train成串期前收缩salvo peremature beat成对刺激couple stimulation成对期前收缩couplets premature beat程控刺激programmed electrical stimulation,PES程控额外刺激programmed extrastimulation程控扫描programmed scanning充血性心力衰竭congestiv

15、e heart failure出血性心包炎hemorrhagic pericarditis除极(又称“去极化”)depolarization触发激动triggered activity触发型起搏triggered pacing传出阻滞exit block传导比例conduction ratio传入阻滞entrance block磁频率magnet rateD大单导等低第递电吊动冻窦短对多夺大动脉错位malposition of great arteries大隐静脉瓣功能试验(又称“布罗迪-特伦德伦堡试验”)Brodie-Trendelenburg test大折返macro-reentry单极导

16、联unipolar lead单向阻滞unidirectional block单心房single atrium单心室single ventricel导管后型主动脉缩窄coarctation of aorta,postductal type导管前型主动脉缩窄coarctation of aorta,preductal type导联lead等长运动isometric exercise等容舒张期isovolumic relaxation phase低动力hypokinesis低心排血量综合征low cardiac output syndrome低血容量性休克hypovolemic shock低血压hy

17、potension第二心音second heart sound,S2第二心音固定分裂fixed splitting of second heart sound第二心音逆分裂paradoxical splitting of second heart sound第三心音third heart sound,S3第四心音fourth heart sound,S4第一心音first heart sound,S1递减传导decremental conduction递增起搏incremental pacing电机械分离electrical mechanical dissociation电生理检查electr

18、ophysiologic study,EPS电生理学electrophysiology吊床样hammock form动力障碍dyskinesis动脉导管未闭patent ductus arteriosus动脉血氧饱和度arterial oxygen saturation动脉硬化arteriosclerosis动脉杂音arterial murmur动脉粥样硬化atherosclerosis动态心电图ambulatory electrocardiogram,Holter monitoring electrocardiogram动作电位action potential冻结显示freeze-frame

19、窦房传导时间sinoatrial conduction time,SACT窦房传导阻滞sinoatrial block窦房结功能衰竭sinus node failure窦房结功能障碍sinus node dysfunction窦房结恢复时间sinus node revovery time,SNRT窦房折返性心动过速sinoatrial reentry tachycardia窦室传导sinoventricular conduction窦性静止sinus standstill窦性停搏sinus arrest窦性心动过缓sinus bradycardia窦性心动过速sinus tachycardia

20、窦性心律sinus rhythm窦性心律不齐sinus arrhythmia短P-R综合征short P-R syndrome,Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome短阵快速脉冲刺激burst stimulation短阵快速起搏burst pacing短轴观short-axis view对导管型主动脉缩窄coarctation of aorta,jutta ductal type多功能程控multiprogrammability多源性心律multifocal rhythm夺获captureE额恶二额面frontal plane额外刺激extrastimulation恶性高血压m

21、alignant hypertension二尖瓣P波P-mitrale二尖瓣闭锁mitral atresia二尖瓣反流mitral regurgitation二尖瓣关闭不全mitral incompetence,mitral insufficiency二尖瓣口面积mitral valve orifice area二尖瓣上环(又称“二尖瓣上环形狭窄，supravalvular ring mitral stenosis”)supramitral ring二尖瓣脱垂mitral valve prolapse二尖瓣狭窄mitral stenosis二联律bigeminy二腔观two-chamber v

22、iew二叶主动脉瓣bicuspid aortic valveF法反房非肥肺分风福复负附法洛三联症(曾用名“法乐三联症”)trilogy of Fallot法洛四联症(曾用名“法乐四联症”)tetralogy of Fallot,Fallot tetrad法洛五联症(曾用名“法乐五联症”)pentalogy of Fallot反流分数regurgitant fraction反流血流量regurgitant blood flow房间隔缺损atrial septal defect房间隔缺损合并二尖瓣裂atrial septal defect with cleft mitral valve房室传导at

23、rioventricular conduction房室传导阻滞atrioventricular block房室分离atrioventricular dissociation房室结内折返性心动过速A-V nodal reentry tachycardia房室结双径路dual A-V nodal pathways房室顺序型起搏atrioventricular sequential pacing,DVI房室折返性心动过速A-V reentry tachycardia房束旁道atriofascicular tract,Brechenmacher tract房性心动过速atrial tachycardi

24、a非梗阻性肥厚型心肌病nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy非特异性心包炎nonspecific pericarditis非同步型房室顺序起搏asynchronous atrioventricular sequential pacing,DOO非透壁性心肌梗死nontransmural myocardial infarction非细菌性血栓性心内膜炎nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis非阵发性心动过速nonparoxysmal tachycardia肥厚型心肌病hypertrophic cardiomyopath

25、y肺充血pulmonary congestion肺动脉瓣闭锁pulmonary atresia肺动脉瓣第二音pulmonary second heart sound,P2肺动脉瓣二叶瓣bicuspid pulmonary valve肺动脉瓣发育不全agenesis of pulmonary valve肺动脉瓣反流pulmonary regurgitaion肺动脉瓣关闭不全pulmonary incompetence,pulmonary isufficiency肺动脉瓣上狭窄supravalvular pulmonary stenosis肺动脉瓣狭窄pulmonary stenosis,valv

26、ular pulmonary stenosis肺动脉瓣下狭窄subvalvular pulmonary stenosis肺动脉高压pulmonary hypertension肺动脉楔压pulmonary wedge pressure肺动脉压pulmonary artery pressure肺静脉畸形引流anomalous pulmonary venous drainage肺性P波P-pulmonale肺血管阻力pulmonary vascular resistance肺源性心脏病cor pulmonale分支阻滞fascicular block风湿性全心炎rheumatic carditis,

27、rheumatic pancarditis风湿性心脏病rheumatic heart disease福格蒂取栓导管Fogarty embolectomy catheter复极(又称“复极化”)repolarization负荷试验stress test附加径路accessory pathwayG干肝感高格梗功共固冠干扰interference肝颈静脉反流征hepatojugular reflux感染性心内膜炎infective endocarditis高动力hyperkinesis高动力循环状态hyperkinetic circulatory state高度阻滞advanced block,hi

28、gh grade block高血压hypertension,arterial hypertension高血压脑病hypertensive encephalopathy高血压危象hypertensive crisis高血压心脏病hypertensive heart disease高原性低血压high altitude hypotension高原性心脏病high altitude heart disease格雷厄姆.斯蒂尔杂音(又称“肺动脉瓣区柔和舒张期杂音”)Graham Steell murmur梗阻性肥厚型心肌病obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy功

29、能性杂音functional murmur共同房室瓣common atrioventricular valve共同房室通道common atrioventricular canal共同径路common pathway固定频率起搏器fixed-rate pacemaker固有心率inherent heart rate,intrinsic heart rate,IHR冠状动静脉瘘coronary arteriovenous fistula冠状动脉瘘coronary artery fistula冠状动脉异常起源anomalous origin of coronary artery冠状动脉样硬化性心脏病coronary atherosclerotic heart disease冠状血管阻力coronary vascular resistanceH海核横后化环换回混海鸥鸣样杂音seagull murmur核心运动概念leading