最新高考形容词和副词专题复习包括语法要点讲解高考考点汇总经典习题易错题汇总.docx

1、最新高考形容词和副词专题复习包括语法要点讲解高考考点汇总经典习题易错题汇总专题三 形容词和副词第一节 语法要点讲解形容词基本用法1. 形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是下列情况要后置： proper (本身), present (在场的，出席的), involved (有关的), concerned (相关的), left (剩下的), objecting (反对的), mentioned (提及的), selected (当选的)等。如 the students present (出席的学生) the cost involved (所需费用)2. 下列情况也要后置： a. som

2、e, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词的修饰语要后 置如： something new; nothing serious; anything interesting b. else 修饰不定代词和疑问代词时，要后置。如： Nobody else is so silly as you are. c. 不定式短语，动名词短语，分词短语，介词短语做定 语要后置。如： Do you still remember the afternoon in the first year at college when the professor gave us a chemistry lesson

3、? d. 以 a- 开头的形容词做定语要后置如：alike, alive, alone, asleep, afraid, awake 如： He is the only man awake at that time.3、以-ly 结尾的形容词1） 大部分形容词加-ly 可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly（兄弟般的）， motherly,fatherly,orderly (有条理的， 整齐的)，manly, timely, worldly (老于世故的) 仍为形容词。改错：(错） She sang

4、lovely. （对） Her singing was lovely. （错） He spoke to me very friendly. （对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. It is published daily. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -出处-材料性质，类别-名词 根据这个公式。

5、5. 常见形容词的比较1). worth - worthy - worthwhile 2) alike - like -likely 3) dead - deadly - deathly 4) historic - historical 5) live - lively - alive - living 6) possible - probable- likely 7) valueless -priceless 8) respectable (可敬的、高尚的) - respectful (表示敬意的) A respectable man is respectful to others. 9)

6、healthy (健康的) - healthful (有益于健康的) The air at seaside is healthful to us. So all of us are healthy.副词的基本用法1. 副词 enough 要放在形容词和副词的后面，形容词 enough 放在名词前后都可。2. 基本句型：such + (a) + adj. + n. ; so + adj. + a + n.3. such 后可加各种名词，而so后面只能加单数名词；4. so 可加 many, much, few, little 等，而such不能。5. smell 有双重词性，作“闻起来”解是系动

7、词，后接形容词作表语；作“嗅”解是形为动词，后接副词。该题的干扰项是B，“smells bad” 表示闻起来很臭，不可能同时放入两个空格。6. much too 是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词；too much 是名词或形容词，可单独使用或修饰名词。7. 副词的修饰关系是现今高考的热点之一，复习中应予以足够的重视。“far behind ”表示“远远地掉在后面”。8. “can never be too ”是一种固定的表达方式，意为“越就越好”常用副词的比较close to 离近，此处 close 是副词；closely 表示“密切地”，与题意无关。表示 “雨下得大”可用 rain hard;

8、rain heavily等，不用 badly 或 strongly。表示“刮大风”可用 strong wind。hardly 是否定词，与句意无关。注意下面兼有两种形式的副词 1)close 与 closely close意思是“近”； closely 意思是“仔细地” He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.2)late 与 lately late意思是“晚”； lately 意思是“最近” You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?3) deep 与 deeplydeep

9、意思是“深”，表示时间和空间深度；deeply时常 表示感情上的深度，深深地 He pushed the stick deep into the mud. He often works deep into the night. Even father was deeply moved by the film. 4)high 与 highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.5) wide 与 widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛

10、地”，“在许多 地方” He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.6) free 与 freely free的意思是免费；freely 的意思是无限制地 You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like. 另外注意下列各组副词的用法区别 1) just - just now 2) rather - fairly 3) yet - still - already 4) hard -

11、hardly - rarely - scarcely 5) such a + adj. + n. - so + adj. + a + n. 6) most - mostly - almost 7) especially - specially 8) every day - everyday 9) sometime - sometimes -some time形容词和副词的级别1、as as 结构说明：1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。He cannot run so/as fast as you.2）当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。 as +形容词+ a +单数名词 as + ma

12、ny/much +名词 This is as good an example as the other is. I can carry as much paper as you can.3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的 前面。This room is twice as big as that one.Your room is the same size as mine.4) 倍数+ the + n + of 倍数+ as + adj. + as This bridge is three times as long as that one.This bridge is th

13、ree times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine.Your room is twice the size of mine. 5) 数量词 + senior / junior + to He is seven years senior to his wife. I am three years junior to my elder sister.、 more than 结构1）要避免重复使用比较级。 (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is cle

14、verer than his brother.2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 (错) China is larger that any country in Asia. (对) China is larger than any other country in Asia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4）程度词 a bit, a little, rather, muc

15、h, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等词可修饰比较级。除 外，还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。以 上词 (除by far) 外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前 面。而 by far 一般置于比较级之后和最高级之前。、of the two 结构在 of the two 结构中，比较级前要加 the，但如果不在 of the two 结构中，要注意冠词的使用。后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有冠词。 比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia? Which is

16、the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters. 4、the + 最高级 + 比较范围 1)形容词最高级前必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。 The shortest boy runs fastest in the 100-meter race. 形容词 most 前面没有 the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”。It is a most important problem. = It is a very

17、 important problem.注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 (错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. (对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2) 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almostThis hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 注意：a. very 可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。 This is the very best. This is much the best.b. 序数

18、词通常只修饰最高级。 Africa is the second largest continent.3) 句型转换： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class.4) “否定词语 + 比较级”，“否定词语 + so as” 结构表示最 高级含义。 Nothing is so easy as this.= Nothing is easier than this.= This is the easiest thing. 5、和more有

19、关的词组 1) the more the more越就越 The harder you work，the greater progress youll make.2) more B than A与其说A不如说B less A than B He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work.3) no more than 与一样(不)，不比多 The officials could see no more than the Emperor.no less than与一样 He is no

20、less diligent than you.4) more than不只是，非常She is more than kind to us all.第二节 高考考点汇总1. 考查形容词和副词的基本用法形容词在句中一般作定语、表语、补语，而副词在句中主要作状语。2. 考查形容词作定语的后置规律形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但下列三种情况形容词要后置：形容词短语作定语时;表语形容词作定语时;修饰复合不定代词时。3. 考查多个形容词作定语的排序多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：(限定词+程度副词+) 描绘+大小(长短、高低)+形状+年龄(新旧)+颜色+国籍或产地+物质材料+类别或用途+名词。4

21、. 考查副词在句中的位置规律副词修饰形容词或其它副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。5. 考查-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别-ed形容词，通常说明人，意为(某人)感到;-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为(某事物)令人或令人的(事物)。第三节 易错题汇总1. We dont care if a hunting dog smells _, but we really dont want him to smell _.A. well, well B. bad, bad C. well, badly D. badly, bad【陷阱】容易误选B，认为两个

22、smell 均为连系动词，后接形容词作表语。【分析】这是1995年的一道上海高考题，最佳答案为D。句中的第一个 smell 为实义动词，意为“闻气味”、“嗅觉”，smell badly 意为“嗅觉差”；第二个 smell 为连系动词，意为“闻起来(有某种气味)”，smell bad 意为“闻起来气味难闻”。全句意为“我们并不介意一条猎狗的嗅觉不好，但我们的确不希望它的气味难闻”。2. “_ do you think of your English teacher?”“Oh, he is an _ man.”A. What, interesting B. What, interested C.

23、How, interesting D. How, interested【陷阱】容易误选D，认为第一空应填 how，表示 how“如何”；第二空应填 interested，因为有的书上说 ing 形容词主要说明事物，-ed 形容词主要说明人。【分析】其实最佳答案应是A。英语中表示汉语的“你觉得如何?”时，可用How do you like .? 或 What do you think of .? 注意两者搭配不同，即 like 与 how 搭配，think of 与 what 搭配。另一方面，有的书认为：-ing 形容词说明事，-ed 形容词说明人。此说法在很多情况下是可行的，但表述欠严谨。严谨

24、的表述应该是：表示使(别)人感到如何), 用-ing形容词；表示人自己本身感到如何，用-ed形容词。比较：All the children are interested. 所有的孩子都很感兴趣。All the children are interesting. 所有的孩子都很有趣。I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种有趣的表情。再比较：He is frightened. 他很害怕。He is fr

25、ightening. 他很吓人。He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。He has a frightening look on his face. 他脸上带有吓人的神情。3. I think he is _ to tell us the secret, but Im not sure.A. possible B. likely C. impossible D. certain【陷阱】A、B、C三项均有可能被选择。【分析】根据句意首先排除D；再根据上面一题的分析，排除DA和C；也就是说，此题最佳答案为B。注意likely 的用法，它与p

26、ossible所用句型不同，请看实例：Are we likely to arrive in time? 我们会及时赶到吗?Its very likely that he will ring me tonight. 今晚他很可能会给我来电话。They will very likely come by car. 他们很可能会坐汽车来。(该句中的likely为副词，而前两句中的likely为形容词)4. Lets make it at seven oclock on Tuesday morning at my office if _.A. youre convenient B. it is conv

27、enient for youC. you feel convenient D. it is convenient with you【陷阱】容易误选A或C，因为许多同学将汉语中的“如果你方便的话”直译为 if you are convenient 或 if you feel convenient。【分析】最佳答案为B，因为英语中的 convenient不是表示“感到方便的”，而是表示“使人感到方便的”，所以 be convenient 的主语通常不能是“人”。要表示“如果你方便的话”，英语通常 if it is convenient for to you，其中的介词可用 for 或 to，但一般

28、不用 with。顺便说一句，偶尔也可见到用人或物作 be convenient的主语，但此时的句子必须具备这样的特点：句子主语是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，如：Mary is convenient to see on Sunday. / It is convenient to see Mary on Sunday. 星期天去见玛丽较为方便。The furniture is convenient to move. / It is convenient to move the furniture. 这家具搬起来很方便。5. We were two hours late that day, which w

29、as due to the _.A. crowded traffic B. crowded traffics C. busy traffic D. busy traffics【陷阱】容易误选A，因为许多同学将汉语中的“拥挤的交通”直译为 crowded traffic(s)；由于 traffic 不可数，排除含 traffics 的选项，所以许多考生便选定答案A。【分析】其实，此题的最佳答案是C，因为英语的 traffic 习惯上不用 crowded 修饰，而用 busy 或 heavy 或修饰，以说明“交通”的“拥挤”。类似这样的在修饰语方面需特别注意的还有：(1) 汉语的“绿茶”说成英语是

30、green tea，但相应的“红茶”却是black tea 而不是 red tea。(2) 可说thick soup(浓汤)，但不说thick coffee (tea)；要表示“浓咖啡(茶)”，可用strong coffee (tea)。(3) 可说thin soup(稀汤)，但不说thin coffee (tea)；要表示“淡咖啡(茶)”，可用weak coffee (tea)。6. Mary is very clever and _ worth teaching, but her brother is not. Look, he is now _ asleep in class.A. very, very B. much, very C. well, very D. well, fast【陷阱】容易误选A，因为许多学生往往将汉语中的“很”与英语中的 very 等同。【分析】但是，许多汉语中的“很”是不能用英语中的 very