英语语法大攻克形容词副词讲解.docx

1、英语语法大攻克形容词副词讲解初中英语形容词比较级和最高级讲解与练习形容词比较级和最高级绝大多数形容词有三种形式,原级,比较级和最高级, 以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。 形容词的原级: 形容词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词的原形。 例如: poor tall great glad bad 形容词的比较级和最高级: 形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。 分为规则变化和不规则变化。 规则变化如下: 1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。 great (原级) (比较级) (最高级) 2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级

2、和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。 wide (原级) (比较级) (最高级) 3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。clever(原级) (比较级) (最高级) 4) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est 构成. happy (原形) (比较级) (最高级) 5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加 -er和-est。 big (原级) (比较级) (最高级) 6) 双音节和多

3、音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。 beautiful (原级)? (比较级) (比较级) difficult (原级) (最高级) (最高级) 常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级: 原级-比较级-最高级 good-better-best many-more-mostmuch-more-most bad-worse-worst far-farther, further-farthest, furthest 形容词前如加 less 和 least 则表示较不和最不 important 重要 less important 较不重要 least imp

4、ortant 最不重要 形容词比较级的用法: 形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下: 主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。 也就是, 含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下对比的成分。 Our teacher is we are. 我们老师的个子比我们的高。 It is today than it was yesterday. 今天的天气比昨天暖和。 This picture is than that one. 这张照片比那张照片漂亮。This meeting is than that one. 这次会

5、议不如那次会议重要。 The sun is than the moon. 太阳比月亮大得多。形容词最高级的用法: 形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 其结构形式为: 主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。 She is student her class. 她是班上最好的学生。 Shanghai is one of cities China. 上海是中国最大城市之一。 This is apple I have ever met. 这是我见到的最大的苹果。 Tom is boy in his basketball team. 汤姆是他们篮球队中个子最高的

6、孩子。 一、 变化规则； 1、 规则变化：（1）单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加er或est：bright _ _; 以不发音的e字母结尾的加r,或st：large; 以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为I加er或est:easy； 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写最后一个辅音字母再加er或est: big 以er，ow结尾的双音节词加er 或est:clever slow （2）多音节词前加more或most, 副词最高级前省略the. (3) 部分形容词本身表示最高级，因此他们没有比较级和最高级形式：favourite round 2、 不规则变化： good, well; bad, badl

7、y, ill; much, many; little; far; old; 注：只有少数形容词和副词有两种比较级和最高级形式：clever old far 二、 形容词各等级的用法： 1、 原级（同级）比较：asas; not as(so)as Well give you as much help as we can. She isnt as(so)active in sports as before. 2. 比较级：表示两者之间比 更可用状语much, a little, even等修饰： He made fewer mistakes than I did. He is even riche

8、r than I. 3、 高级：形容词最高级前必须加the, 副词最高级前常省略the，后面多用of， in短语表示范围： It was the most/least interesting story I have ever listened. He is the tallest of the three. 4、 如果在两者之间表示“最”时要在比较级前加the，而且还用of the two, of the pair短语： John is the cleverer of the two boys. Of the two boys, John is the clever. 三、 重点与难点： 1

9、、 asas结构：你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。 Youre a boy as good as Tom.=Youre as good a boy as Tom. 2、 (1)tooto与 sothat sb.cant的句型转换：前者为简单句，主语只有一个，而后者为复合句，主语有两个，试比较： The man was too angry to be able to speak. The man was so angry that he wasnt able to speak. The milk was too hot to drink. The milk was so hot that we cant

10、 drink it. (2) tooto与 not enough to句型的转换： He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married. The book is too difficult for me to read.= The book is not easy enough for me to read. 3、 形容词原级表示比较级含义： 约翰不象迈克那么苯。John is not so stupid as Mike. John is less stupid than Mike. John is cleve

11、rer than Mike. 4、 用比较级表示最高级：约翰是班里最高的男生。 John is taller than any other boy in the class. John is the tallest boy in the class. John is taller than :any other boy. any of the other boy. all the other boy. any of the others. any one else. 5、 the more. the more.表示“越越”: The more books you read, the wider

12、 your knowledge is. The more food you eat, the fatter you are. 6、 more and more.表示“越来越”: More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language. Our country is getting stronger and stronger. 形容词是用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、特征、状况或属性的词。在中考中，形容词考查热点主要集中在以下几点： 1、考查形容词的句法功能及其位置。 形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语。作定

13、语时，常放在所修饰的名词之前；形容词作表语，常位于be, become, smell, seem, look, get, feel, turn, grow等系动词之后。 2、考查形容词的构成。 某些形容词的构成是有一定的规律可循：（1）名词+ful；（2）名词+y；（3）动词+ing；（4）动词+ed；（5）名词+ly；（6）形容词+ly；（7）名词+al；（8）名词+n/ian。 3、考查形容词的特殊语序。 （1）形容词修饰something, anything, everything等复合不定代词时要后置。（2）几个形容词修饰同一个名词时，其语序为：限定语(a/an/the, my/thi

14、s)+描绘性形容词+“大型（形）新式（色）国产材料”+名词中心词。其中“大”表示大小、长短、高低，年龄的形容词、“型（形）”表示形状的形容词；“新”表示新旧的形容词；“式（色）”表示颜色的形容词；“国产”表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词；“材料”表示物质材料的形容词。（3）enough在句中的位置是放在名词前，形容词、副词之后。（4）else只能作后置定语，修饰疑问代词what, who, whom, whose和不定代词something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody等。 4、考查形容词的比较等级。 （1）比较级和最高级的构成形式，一

15、般词尾加-er或-est，部分双音节和多音节词前加more和most，某些单词的不规则变形要特殊记（2）几种句式。甲乙若是一个样，用asas上，甲不如乙加not；两者相比用than连接；三者或三者以上比较用最高级，并和in或of连用。（3）含有介词短语.of the two时，要用比较级，且比较级前要加the；表示“越来越”时，要用“比较级+and +比较级”形式，若比较级是“more+原级”构成的，需用“more and more+原级形式”； 表示“越，就越” 时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”形式；形容词的最高级前必须加the，但最高级前已有物主代词、名词所有格修饰时，the要省去

16、；可以修饰原级或比较级的修饰语；比较级和最高级间的互变形式。1. This box is_ that one.A. heavy than B. so heavy thanC. heavier as D. as heavy as 2 When we speak to people, we should be .A. as polite as possible B. as polite as possiblyC. as politely as possible D. as politely as possibly 3 This book is_ that one, but_ than that o

17、ne.A. as difficult as; expensiveB. as more difficult as; more expensiveC. as difficult as; more expensiveD. more difficult as; as expensive 4 I think the story is not so _ as that one.A. interesting B. interested C. more interesting D. most interesting 5 His father began to work_ he was seven years

18、old.A. as old as B. as early as C. since D. while21. I think science is _ than Japanese. A. much important B. important C. much more important D. more much important( ) 2 This pencil is_ than that one. longest B. long C. longer D. as long ( ) 3 My mother is no _ young.A. shorter B. longer C. little

19、D. few ( ) 4 These children are _ this year than they were last year.A. more tall B. more taller C. very taller D. much taller( ) 5 It was very hot yesterday, but it is_ today.A. even hotter B. more hotterC. much more hot D. much hot 6. Mrs Black has got_ instead of getting any better.A. more bad B.

20、 a little worse C. much badly D. a lot of worse3( ) 1 When we arrived, we found the meeting room crowded with_ students.A. quite a few B. only a few C. few D. a few quite 2 The house is small for a family of six.A. much too B. too much C. very much D.so 3 Through the window we can see nothing but _

21、buildings.A. tall very many B. very many tall C. very tall many D. many very tall 4 -Whats your brother like?-He is_.A. a driver B. very tall C. my friend D. at school 5 The jacket was so_ that he decided to buy it. ,A. much B. little C. expensive D. cheapl 6 Our classroom is_ larger than theirs.A.

22、more B. quite C. very D. much4( ) 1 The earth is about_ as the moon.A. as fifty time big B. fifty times as big C. as big fifty times D. fifty as times big( ) 2 Your room is mine.A. twice as large than B. twice the size ofC. bigger twice than D. as twice large as( ) 3 Your room is _ than mine.A. thre

23、e time big B. three times big C. three times bigger D. bigger three times( ) 4 His father is_than his mother. ;A. older four years B. as four years older C. four years older D. bigger four years5( ) 1 Maths is more popular than_.A. any other subject B. all the subjects C. any subject D. other subjec

24、t( ) 2 China is larger than _ in Africa (W).A. any other country B. other countries C. the other country J 1%D. any country( ) 3 Tom is stronger than _ in his class.A. any other boy B. any boys C. any boy D. other boy6( ) 1 When spring comes, it gets_.A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer

25、and warmer D. shorter and shorter) 2 By and by, _ students in our class came to like English. A. more and more B. much and much C. many and many D. less and least) 3 At last he began to cry _.A. hard and hard B. more hard and more hard C. harder and harder D. less hard and less harder) 4 When spring

26、 comes the days get _ and nights _.A. short; long B. long; short C. longer; shorter D. shorter; longer71_ I look at the picture, _ I like it.A. The best; the more B. The more; the lessC. The more; less D. More; the more 2 _ he read the book, _ he got in it. A. The more; the more interestingB. The le

27、ss; the more interesting C. The more; the more interested D. More; more interested 3 _ you come back, _ it will be.A, The quicker; the best B. The sooner; the better C. Faster; the better D. The sooner; better81 I like_ one of the two books.A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older( )2 Which is_

28、country, China or Japan?A. the large B. the larger C. larger D. largest ( ) 3 Of the two cups, he bought .A. the smaller B. the smallest C. small D: smaller9( ) 1 Which do you like _, tea or coffee?A. well B. better C. best D. most ( ) 2 This work is _ for me than for you.A. difficult B. most diffic

29、ultC. much difficult D. more difficult ( ) 3 Which do you think tastes _, the chicken or the fish?A. good B. better C. best D. well ( ) 4 The Great Pyramid is about 137 metres high today, but it was onceA. higher B. highest C. high too D. more high ( ) 5 Dont you think it _ not to write the letter?A A. well , B. better C. best D. good10( ) 1 Who jumped_of all? A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the most far( ) 2 Li Lei is_ student in our class.A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest ( ) 3 The fifth orange is_ of all. Give it to that