土地资源管理专业英语全资料.docx

1、土地资源管理专业英语全资料土地资源管理专业英语全第一篇1.La nd con solidati on is sometimes in correctly in terpreted to be only the simple reallocati on of parcels to remove effects of fragme ntati on.土地整理有时被错误的理解成为了克服土地破碎化的影响仅对土地进行的简单再配置。2.ln reality land con solidatio n has bee n associated with broader social and economic

2、reforms from the time of its earliest即plicatio ns in western Europe. 现实中土地整理已与更广泛的社会和经济改革想结合，最初应用在西欧。3.La nd con solidati on has always bee n regarded as an in strume nt orentry poi nt for rural developme nt. 土地整理一直被视为一种工具或切入点，在农村发展问题上。4.Early con cepts of rural developme nt were virtually the same

3、as agricultural developme nt because of the predo minant role ofagriculture in rural areas at the time. 早期概念的农村发展几乎一样的农业发展，因为农业主导作用在农村地区的时间。5.1mproving the agrarian structure was viewed as being identical to mai ntai ning the social viability in rural areas; what was good for the farmers was good fo

4、r areas. 改善农业用地结构被认为与维持乡村地区的社会生存发展能力具有相同的含义，对农民有益的事物也对乡村地区的发展有益06.The emphasis of land con solidati on projects has shifted from a focus on restructuri ng agriculture to one of achiev ing more efficie nt multiple use of rural space by balancing the interests of agriculture, Ian dscape, n ature con s

5、ervati on , recreatio n and tran sportati on, especially when land is required for the construction of major roads.土地整理工程的重点已经从以调整农业结构为主转变为通过平衡农业、景观、自然保护、休闲娱乐和交通特别是土地要满足主干道路建设需求时之间的利益关系来实现乡村空间更有效的多功能利用。7.ln line with other cha nges in the con cept of rural developme nt, land con solidati on now plac

6、es in creas ing importa nee on gen der in clusi on , participatory approaches and the use of mediati on andalter native dispute resoluti on in resol ving con flicts. 为了保持与乡村发展概念中其他变化的一致性，如今，土地整理日益强调性别包含。参与途径以及在化解矛盾时调节机制和解决选择性冲突。8.The most effective con solidati on in strume nt of rural developme nt

7、is comprehe nsive land con solidati on but at times other approaches such as simplified consolidation , voluntary group consolidation , andin dividual con solidatio n in itiatives can bring ben efits. 最有效的整合农村发展的工具是全面的土地整理，但有时其他的方法，如简化的整合，志愿组织整合,和个人整合行动可以带来的好处。9.Comprehensive land consolidation incl

8、ude the re-allocation of parcels together with a broad range of other measures to promoterural developme nt. 综合土地整理包括破碎地块的配置和促进乡村发展的范围广泛的其他措施。10.The allocation of responsibilities for carrying out these stepsalso varies between jurisdictio ns. 职责分配执行这些步骤也在不同法域之间。There is usually a clear divisi on be

9、twee n resp on sibility for overall supervision ,control and monitoring functions, and responsibility forimpleme ntatio n. 在全面监督、控制、监测功能和执行的职责之间具有明显的差别The responsibilities for the supervising agency should be defined in legislati on. One of the first con sideratio ns in propos ing a landconsolidatio

10、n pilot project is determining the roles andresp on sibilities of the various parties . 负责监督机构应立法界定。一次考虑在提出土地整理试点项目是确定的作用和责任的各当事方。11.Comprehe nsive land con solidati on projects usually have exte nsive public works and so they require the participati on of a large nu mber of cen tral gover nment age

11、 ncies such as the Mini stry of Agriculture ,Ministry of Justice, Cadastre offices, Registry offices, Ministry of Public Works, Ministry of Environment, Ministry ofTran sportati on and Mi nistry of Rural Developme nt. 土地综合整治项目通常有广泛的公共工程，所以他们需要 participatio ng 大量中央政府机构等农业部，司法部，地籍登记办公室，办公室，公共工程部，环境部，交

12、通部和农村 发展部。12.With the trend towards decentralization projects increasingly invo Ive local and regi onal gover nmen ts, mun icipalities, water boardsor water associatio ns. 随着地方分权趋势的深化，工程日益需要地方和区域政府、市政府、水资源理事会或者协会的参与。13.Ensuring that the project is cost-effective is crucial. Geographic in formatio n

13、systems and satellite positi oning systems are now rout in ely used to reduce time and costs of survey ing and pla nning .确保项目的成本效益是crucial.geographic 信息系统和卫星定位系统现在经常用来减少时间和成本的测量和规划。Several coun tries have developed semi-automated systems for use indesig ning the new layout of reallocated parcels. 几

14、个国家已开发的半自动化系统在设计使用新布局的重新分配包裹。14.1 ndividual con solidatio n. 个人整理。Con solidati on of hold ings can take place on an in formal and sporadicbasis. 土地整理可以在非正式的、零星的基础上进行。The state is not directly invoIved and so these initiatives do notin elude the provisi on of public facilities. 国家不直接参与，所以这些举措不包括提供公共。

15、15. However， the state can play a significant role in encouragecon solidati on that improve agriculture by promoti ng instrunments suchas joint use agreements ， leasing and retirement schemes.但是国家可以在鼓励土地整理方面发挥重要作用，通过促进像联合土地利用协议、租赁和收回方案等手段来改善农业生产条件。第二篇1.Goals are broad stateme nts of desired outcomes

16、(e.g. main tai necosystem health and productivity, promote com mun ity stability,en sure susta in able developme nt)that usually are not qua ntifiable. 目的是对通常不能量化的预期成果(例如维持生态系统的健康和生产能力、促进社区稳定、保障可持续发展)都宽泛描述。2.Since the release of the original Handbook, the BLM has worked withRACs (resource advisory c

17、oun cils) to develop Land Health Sta ndards applicable to all ecosystems and man ageme nt actions. 土地管理局原“手册”的发布以来，一直与RACS(资源咨询理事会)开发土地健康标准“适用于所有的生态系统和管理行动。3.These Land Health Stan dards must be expressed as goals in the landuse plan.这些土地的卫生标准必须表示为目标的土地利用规划。4.A sample goal for a Land Health Stan dar

18、d is: Mai ntai n healthy,productive pla nt and ani mal com mun ities of n ative and other desirable species at viable populati on levels comme nsurate with the species and habitat s potential. ”一个有关土地健康标准的典型调查目的是：使健康、具有生产能力的本地动物和植物群落以及其他值得保护的物种保持和物种与栖息地潜力相称的能够繁衍的种族水平。5.A sample goal from the Strateg

19、ic pla n is: Sustai n desiredbiological com mun ities on Departme nt of the In terior-ma naged and in flue need lands and waters in a manner con siste n with obligati ons regardi ng the allocati on and use of water. 战略规划目的的例子为：以与有关水资源分配和利用职责相一致的方式，在土地和水的内部管理、内部影响的区域内保持有益生物群落的活力。6.At the land use pla

20、 n level,it is importa nt to ide ntify reas on able developme nt sce narios for allowable uses such as min eral leas in g,locatable min eral developme nt,recreati on timber harvest,utility corridors,and livestock grazing to enable the orderlyimpleme ntati on of future actio ns. 在土地利用计划的水平，重要的是确定合理的开

21、发方案允许使用诸如矿产租赁，可定位的矿产开发，娱乐的木材收获，公用走廊，牲畜放牧使有条不紊的执行未来的行动。第三篇1.Physical land evaluati on provides no objective method to compare differe nt land uses for a give n land area, as there is no in here nt com mon scale of measure betwee n the landuse.由于不同土地利用方式之间缺乏内在共有的衡量标准，因此特定区域土地的自然评价就不能提供客观的方法来比较不同的土地利用方

22、式。2.We can count the nu mber of physical con stra ints to each use, but itis difficult to compare their relative severity or degree oflimitati on. 我们可以计算数量的物理限制每个使用，但它是很难比较的相对严重性或程度的限制的。3.Some con strai nts may lead directly to yield reduct ions, but othersare on ly expressed as man ageme nt difficu

23、lties. 一些限制可能直接导致产 量减少，但其他人只表现为管理上的困难4.We n eed some objective and comme nsurate comparis on of costs and-我们需要一些客观的和相benefits for each land use on each land unit.称的比较成本and-benefits 各土地利用对各土地单元5.ln many situati ons ,it is realistic to use econo mic measure of costand ben efit, and the n use these to

24、qua ntify the land use pote ntialand suitability, accord ing to the land evaluati on defi niti on. 从土地评 价定义来看，很多情况下采用成本和收益的经济学衡量方法来量化土地利用的 潜力和适宜性是可行的。6.Historically,land evaluation had its origin in land capability classification, soil survey interpetion, and similar physical evaluati ons, in which

25、the use pote ntial of land is expressed in terms of its predicted physical resp onse to various land uses or in terms of physical c on strai nts to these use. 历史地看，土地评价源于土地生产力 分类、土壤调查说明和与现在土地评价相类似的自然评价，在这种自然评价中，土地利用潜力表现为不同利用方式下土地潜在的自然生产能力或土地在不 同利用方式下的限制性条件。7.In pure subsiste nce agriculture, the ben

26、 efit are the con sumable foodstuffs ,fiber,wood, ani mal product ect. they can be qua ntify as calories, grams of protein, ect. the cost are labor, which can bequa ntified by time and inten sity. 在纯粹是自给自足的农业社会里，农业收益指的是用于消费的食物、纤维、木材以及动物产品等。这些物质可以用热量和蛋白质的重量来量化；而投入的成本则可以用劳动时间和强度来量化。8.ln market-orie nt

27、ed societies that are largely orga ni zed by econo mic in teract ions (i.e. where money and its surrogates are the primary mea ns of excha nge )both ben efit and cost can be expressed by econo micmeasure: “verything has its price ”.在市场经济社会中，社会主要由各种经济性相互作用组成(这里，金钱及其代替物是首要的交换手段)无论收益还是成本，都可以通过经济衡量尺度表现出

28、来，即：“每样东西都有价格”9.A serious problem and an area of active research is the assig nment of econo mic values to thi ngs that do not have an established market value in the same sense as actively-traded good such as a good commodity.一个重要的问题同时也是一个研究的热点，就是如何给交易活跃的商品中那些没有市场价格的物品赋值，例如食品。Much of en vir onmen t

29、al econo mics is take n up with this problem. 多环境经济学是采取了这个问题10.The economic suitability of a land area for a land use is the predicted net econo mic ben efit to a specified party (e.g.Iandowner ,land user, society) to be expected if the land area isdedicated to the use. 当某区域的土地确定将被用于某种用途时，对该土地在该种土地利

30、用方式下的土地经济适宜性评价即为对不同收益者如土地所有者、土地使用者、社会的预期土地经济收益的预测。11.Note:the economic value of a land use system implemented on a give n land area is not synonym ous with the market value of the landarea (la nd evaluati on 工 land valuati on) although the predict return toa land unit of land uses obviously in flue

31、nces its price. 土地在某种特定的利用方式下的经济价值与这块土地的市场价值并不是同义的(土地评价工土地估价)，尽管土地单元在不同利用方式下的预期回报明显地影响着它的市场价格。12.The net present value (NPV is the cash worth of the Iand-use scheme at the present time , on a per unit area (normalized ) or aggregate (per-field or per-farm ) basis , over the useful life of the scheme

32、.净现值指在土地利用方案的有效期内，以(标准化)或汇总(每块田 或每个农场)的单位面积为基础计算的土地利用方案的当前现金价值。13.The NPV is not no rmalized to a per-acco un tin g-period basis ,as isthe gross margi n.与毛利不同，净现值不会按会计年度标准化。Thus , the NPV has the disadva ntage that all la nd use opti ons to becompared must have the same useful life or pla nning horiz on, which is rarely theCase in agricultural projects. 因此，净现值法的缺点，所有土地使用方案相比，必须有相同的使用寿命或规划的视野，这是很少的情况在农业项目。In pr