雅思英语语法讲义.docx

1、雅思英语语法讲义雅思英语语法材料第一章 谓语动词第一讲 时态一、时态表格（一）一般（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）一般现在过去将来过去将来肯定句式主is/are+主v原/v单三+主was/were+主v-ed+主be + v-ing主will/shall + v原主is/are going to v：打算一般现在（主将从现）主be about to do sth马上主will +be + doing sth将要主would/should + v原主was/were going to+ v原否定句式主is/are not+主dont/doesnt + v原+主was/were not主didnt

2、+ v原主be + not + v-ing主wont/shall not + v原主is/are not going to+ v原主Was/Were not going to+ v原主would/ should not+ v原+/疑问句式Is/Are主+?Do/Does主+v原？Was/were主?Did主+v原?Be主v-ing+？Will/Shall主+v原？Is/Are主+v原？Would/Should主v原+？Was/were主going to+v原？意义重复、习惯；状态，客观；频度，次数；列车、航班动作已经完成；描述一系列动作；过去习惯将来计划、明确安排；预测、尚未安排、可能；考虑打

3、算、事实预测过去谈论将来标志性的时间状语频度副词：always, often, rarely, usually, sometimes, seldom; once/twice/three/four+次数；every evening/ day week/month/yearyesterday; last night/week/month season / year; ago; just now; 介词+过去的week/month/season/year/centuryWhen, as soon as, after, before, until, as long as; tomorrow; next

4、; in+表示将来的week/month/season/yearthe next时态“三字经”：现在时，并不难；表重复，表习惯；表状态，表客观；有频度，有次数；看主语，定单三。（二）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）进行进行现在过去将来过去将来肯定句式主is/are +v-ing主was/were +v-ing主will/shall be + v-ing主would + v原主was/were going to+ v原否定句式主is/are not +v-ing主was/were not +v-ing主wont be + v-ing主Was/Were not going to+ v原主wouldn

5、t+ v原/疑问句式Is/Are主+v-ing?Was/were主+v-ing?Will主be + v-ing？Would主+v原？Was/were主going to+v原？意义说话时正在发生的状态；目前正在进行的工作为过去某一动作提供场景将来进行着的动作；纯粹的将来计划或安排过去谈论将来进行着的动作标志性的时间状语now; at the moment, currently, presently, at present, this week month/yearwhen， while， asby this time tomorrowb that time; the next day（三）（现在

6、、过去、将来、过去将来）完成完成现在过去将来过去将来肯定句式主has/have+v-ed主had+v-ed主will have+ v-ed主would have+ v-ed否定句式主has/have not v-ed主had not + v-ed主+wont have+ v-ed主wouldnt have+ v-ed疑问句式Has/Have主+v-ed?Had主+v-ed?Will主have+v-ed？Would主have+ v-ed?意义过去动作持续到现在；过去动作影响到现在过去某时之前发生的动作将来某时之前完成的动作过去将来某时之前完成的动作标志性的时间状语for+时间段，since+时间

7、点;Ever, never, just, already, yet; before, till now, when, as soon as, by the time, after; no sooner than, hardly whenBefore, by+固定时间; in+某段时间Before, by+固定时间; in+某段时间（四）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）完成进行完成进行现在过去将来过去将来肯定句式主has/have been +v-ing主had been +v-ing主will have been +v-ing主would have+ been +v-ing否定句式主has/ha

8、ve not been +v-ing主had not been +v-ing主+wont have been +v-ing主wouldnt have been +v-ing疑问句式Has/Have主been +v-ing?Had主been +v-ing?Will主have been + v-ing？Would主have been +v-ing?意义某种状态或动作持续了多久过去之前某一动作持续的长短或动作本身将来某时之前某个动作或状态存在了多久过去将来某时之前动作或状态存在了多久标志性的时间状语for+时间段，since+时间点 for+时间段，since+时间点by the end ofby

9、the end of二、基本时态演练Listening to the following conversation. (一) Task One: fill in the blanks.1. Interviewer: Your name?Peter: Peter _. (1) 2. Interviewer: _ (2) you work or _ (3) you a student? Peter: Im studying really hard for my exams this monthIm doing maths at universitybut I also_ (4) my parent

10、s out. They own a _ (5) and I _ (6) there as a waiter in the evenings, so I _ (7) a lot of free time during the week. My mom is always saying that I _ (8) enough in the restaurant! But I do manage to find some free time most days.3. Interviewer: Can you look at the _ (9) and tell me whether you do a

11、ny of these things and if so, how _ (10)?Peter: I love music and Im learning to play the piano. I _ (11) really early and practice for an hour or so just about every day. I also play the guitar in a band with some other friends. We used to practice together at least _ (12) a week but these days we o

12、nly manager to meet about once _ (13).4. Interviewer: What about the next thing on the list? -_ (14)?Peter: Well, I used to play them all the time but now Im too busy studying and I _ (15) miss them at all. 5. Interviewer: Do you use a computer for other things?Peter: I use the Internet just about _

13、 (16) for my studies. And I also use it to _ (17) my friends and my family. My cousin is living in Thailand at the moment and he _ (18) me regular emails to let me know how much fun hes having! Hes always visiting exciting places. 6. Interviewer: Now, how about _ (19)?Peter: Actually, I joined the l

14、ocal football team when I was at school and I still play _ (20) provided I can get to training. I much prefer playing football to watch it on TV, though I do _ (21) watch a match if theres a big final or something. 7. Interviewer: What about going to watch live matches?Peter: Id love to be able to a

15、fford to go every week because I _ (22) my local team, but students dont _ (23) have much money, you know! I can remember the _ (24) I went to a live match. Oh, sorry, I can see my friendsI _ (25) go now!（二）Task Two Read through the conversation and find out: 1. Present simple sentences: 2. Present

16、continuous: 3. Past simple sentences: 三、时态改错1. People should act according to what they are believing. 2. In general, I think our government spent too much money on space travel. 3. Nowadays, many people in my country have sent their children to single-sex schools. 4. These days, more and more peopl

17、e traveling to very distant places for their holidays. 5. I am hoping it is not too late to save the environment. 6. The female hen laying on average 5 or 6 eggs per week. 7. Younger drivers is more likely to be involved in a car accident. 8. Most doctors are agreeing that the only way to lose weigh

18、t is by doing more exercise. 第二讲 语态一、被动语态的形式一般进行完成现在主am/is/are + v-ed主am/is/are being +v-ed主 has/have been +v-ed 过去主 was/were +v-ed主was/were being +v-ed主had been +v-ed将来主 will be +v-ed主 will have been +v-ed将来完成主 would be +v-ed主 would have been +v-ed情态动词主 can/could/may/might/shall/should/will/would/m

19、ust/have to/ought to + be + v-ed不定式to be +v-ed; to have been +v-ed二、被动语态使用情景（一）一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式1. I agree with the statement that there should be no government restriction on creative artists who express themselves in the way they do and that they must be given freedom for the s

20、ame. (IELTS 4, Band 7, p167)2. There is almost everything good in what is given to us through the media world which is made up of artists. (同上)3. In conclusion, I strongly agree with that children should be taught to cooperate rather than compete. (IELTS 5, Band 6, p167) 4. It was opened in the year

21、 1863, and it is already 140 years old. (IELTS 5, Band 7, p168)（二）在描述事件和客观事实的时候，被动语态用得更多1. The use of electricity in England is indispensed with. (IELTS 4, Band 6, p164)2. Demand for electricity in England during typical days in winter and summer is illustrated in the graph. (同上)3. The use of averag

22、e English home is shown in the pie chart. (同上)（三）主语是泛指很多人或者大部分人这个方面1. A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 in Japan, by which it is thought that the proportion of elderly people will be similar in the three countries. (IELTS 5, model answer, p162)2. It can be argued thatIt is advi

23、sed/believed/universally accepted/generally recognized thatIt is said/reported/estimated that（四）当上下文已经说明了动作执行者时：A law was introduced to help protect people in this situation.（五）动作的执行者并不重要时：In the factory, the shoes are cleaned and packed into boxes ready for sale.（六）需要体现动作的执行者时，加by-短语：A lot of waste

24、 materials could be recycled by large manufacturers. 三、剑指考试1. To enrich vocabulary, we should read more authentic materials.可以改为：（1）（2）（3）2. It is important for nations all over the world to work hard together to control the environmental pollution.可以改为：3. I am not sure whether all the college gradu

25、ates can find jobs after graduation.可以改为：4. 用适当的动词形式完成下列句子：（1）My home _ (locate) in the western part of the city. （2）These funds can _ (give) to the poorer people to help them. （3）We _ (not tell) that the rules had changed. （4）Children need to _ (teach) the correct way to behave in public. 5. 句子改错：（

26、1）The house was sell for over a million dollars.（2）The class has allowed to eat in the staff dining room during the renovations. （3）The potatoes carry along a conveyor belt to a room where they wash and peel. （4）The teacher told to take her class out of the school if the fire bell rang. （5）Smoking d

27、ont allow in any part of the aeroplane. （6）The museum was being renovating when we were there, so we could not visit it. （7）Bus tickets can buy at any newsagents. （8）New employees have instructed not to operate the photocopier until they are trained. 6. 把下面的句子改成被动语态，并决定是否需要带by-短语（1）A factory worker

28、checks each box for quality.（2）The government does not permit children under 16 to work.（3）The washing machine is washing your clothes at the moment.（4）A mechanic will repair your car this afternoon. （5）The agent has sold our house at last. （6）Something tore the back of my coat. （7）The employer pay

29、off the staff more for working at the weekend. （8）Burning tires give off highly toxic chemicals. 第三讲 虚拟语气请欣赏下列一首诗歌：If you were a teardrop in my eye,For fear of losing you, I would never cry.And if the golden sun should cease to shine its light, Just one smile from you would make my whole world bright. 一、虚拟语气基本句型虚拟时间 if 从句谓语形式主句谓语形式 与现在事实相反 did/ were would (should, could, might) do 与过去事实相反 had done/ had been would (should, could, might) have done/ been 与将来事实相反 did/were to/should + do would (should, could, might) do 1. 与现在事实相反 (1) If she were sick, she could stay