1、新概念英语第一册语法点梳理上课讲义新概念英语第一册语法点梳理新概念一共144课,其中单课为课文,双课为语法和练习。整本书是以单数课为正课,并附带有插图而双数课则是针对单数课所讲的内容有针对性地进行练习,从此出展现出整个新概念一教材区别于其他教材的独特之处。以下是对新概念一整本教材的理解和剖析,以供各位对整个课本的理解和把握上参考和借鉴。首先根据课本中出现的时态来分析:本册书的语法出现层次性和规律性是很强的,首先我们先来整本书中都出了哪些时态,这些时态的具体分布和讲解时我们大家需要注意的递进性。 Lesson 3134 现在进行时 Lesson 3740 第一次出现be going to 的将来
2、时Lesson 5156 一般现在时 Lesson 6776 为一般过去式Lesson 8390 为现在完成时 Lesson 9196 为一般将来时 (will)Lesson 117118 过去进行时 Lesson 119120 过去完成时除去前面所有时态和句型所占据的76课我们一起来看一下以下的68课,每一课小的语言点,语法点都是在什么地方,应该用什么样的方式来讲解。新概念一的每一个单课的重点都是出现双课的标题和课后的练习题里面。Lesson12语言点:与陌生人说话或引起别人的注意。Excuse me. Yes? Pardon? Thank you very much.语法点:主系表结构th
3、is为主语,名词做表语1的一般疑问句以及它的肯定回答。Is this your handbag? Yes, it is.Lesson 56 语言点:如何介绍别人。This is Miss Sophie Dupont. Nice to meet you. 语法点:主语为第三人称单数的主系表结构。She is French. He is German. Its a Volvo.(L6) a/an 的使用。Lesson 78语言点:如何自我介绍和相互认识。语法点:主语为第二人称的主系表结构。Are you French?What nationality are you? Whats your job
4、? 特殊疑问句。Lesson 910语言点:朋友或熟识的人之间如何相互问候。How are you?语法点:主系表结构形容词做表语。 介词短语表位置 near the window, on the television, on the wall Lesson 2930语言点:如何发号命令。语法点:祈使句(肯定); 动词与宾语的固定搭配。Lesson 3738语言点:如何表达将要做的事情。 语法点:现在进行时态be going to do结构表达将要发生的事情。 There be 句型的一般疑问句形式。Lesson 41-42语法点:如何表示不可数名词的量。Lesson 63-64语言点:建议忠
5、告。 语法点:dont do. You mustnt doLesson 65-66语法点:具体时间表示法(半点和刻钟)。 反身代词。 具体日期表达方式。Lesson 73-74语言点:问路。 语法点:不规则动词的过去式。 形容词转变成副词。Lesson 77-78语言点:看病。 语法点:综合时间表达方式。Lesson 105-106语言点:办公室用语。 语法点:want sb to do./ tell sb to do以及其否定形式。Lesson 103-104语言点:考试。 语法点:宾语从句。(从句部分为非现在时态); 程度副词 too, very ,enoughLesson 125-126
6、语言点:/ 语法点:have to do/ dont need to doLesson 127-128语言点:娱乐界。 语法点:must/cant 对现在事情的肯定/否定猜测。Lesson 129-130语言点:交通状况。语法点:must/ cant have been.对过去事情的肯定/否定猜测。Lesson 131-132语言点:度假。 语法点:may 对现在/过去事情的肯定或否定猜测。以下学的知识慢慢与新概念二接轨:现在完成时:Lesson 8390 直接引语变成间接引语:Lesson 99102形容词的比较级和最高级:Lesson107112 neither ,so 的用法:Lesso
7、n 113114不定代词的用法:Lesson 115116 过去进行和过去完成时:Lesson 117120定语从句:Lesson 121124 情态动词的综合用法:Lesson 125132 直接引语变间接引语:Lesson 133136(着重讲时态的倒推) if 的用法:Lesson 137140 被动语态:Lesson 141144新概念英语第一册语法总结:动词的变化1)代词及be动词主格 I we you you she/he/it they宾格 me us you you her/him/it them代词所有格 my our your your her/his/its their名
8、词性代词 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirsbe动词现在时 Am are are are is arebe动词过去时 was were were were was were2)名词的复数规则变化的名词复数形式规则1一般情况+s e.g. shellshells toytoys规则2以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. foxfoxes churchchurches规则3以o结尾+s或+es e.g. radioradios potatopotatoes规则4以f, fe结尾的,变f, fe为ves e.g. lifelives half
9、halves规则5以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es e.g. skyskies studystudies3)动词的第三人称单数形式规则1一般情况+s e.g. like-likes, look-looks规则2以s, x, ch, sh和o结尾+es e.g. do-does, catch-catches规则3以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies4)动词现在分词规则1一般动词加-ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing规则2以不发音的字母结尾的单词去e加-ing e.g.
10、make-making, take-taking,arrive-arriving规则3重读闭音节词结尾, 即单词中只有一个元音字母,其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词,双写辅音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping5)动词过去式 规则动词变化规则1一般动词加-ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched, play-played规则2以e结尾的加-d e.g. make-maked, arrive-arrived规则3以辅音字母y结尾的变y为i加-ed e
11、.g. cry-cried, carry-carried规则4重读闭音节词结尾, 即单词中只有一个元音字母,其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词,双写辅音字母再 加-ed e.g. stop-stopped过去式的读音在清辅音后面(除外)读/t/ e.g. walked, jumped 在浊辅音和元音后读/d/ e.g. washed, watched在/t/,/d/后读/id/ e.g. waited,hated6)形容词和副词的比较级和最高级比较级规则1一般加-er e.g. high-higher规则2以e结尾加-r nice-nicer规则3以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i再加-er busy-bus
12、ier规则4重读闭音节结尾, 双写辅音字母再加-er fat-fatter 最高级规则1一般加-est e.g. high-highest规则2以e结尾加-st nice-nicest规则3以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i再加-est busy-busiest规则4重读闭音节结尾, 双写辅音字母再加est fat-fattest7)常见缩写:is=s I am=Im are=re is not=isnt /iznt/ are not=arent /a:nt/ do not=dontdoes not=doesnt was=s did not=didnt can not=cant will=ll ha
13、s=s have=ve have not=havent has not=hasnt will not=wont shall not=shant新概念英语第一册语法总结:不定代词及不定副词不定代词及不定副词 some, any, no, every-thing: something, anything, nothing, everything-one: someone, anyone, anything, everyone-where: somewhere, anywhere, anywhere, everywhere-body: somebody, anybody, nobody, every
14、body例子:1)I looked for my book everywhere, but I cant find it anywhere.2)If you want to go somewhere, if you want to be someone, you mustwakeup.3)Help! Somebody? Anybody?4)You are really something. 你真了不起!(口语中常用 something来表示“真像回事儿”,“真行”)5)Since everybody is here, lets begin our class.6)Where did you g
15、o? I wentnowhere.7)Nobody is at home.新概念英语第一册语法总结:副词副词可以修饰形容词,动词,副词或整个句子。如:The book is very good. He runs fast.She came here quite early. CertainlyI will go with you.副词变化形式: 直接在形容词后加-ly:careful- carefully, slow-slowly 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词,把y变i, 加-ly:happy- happily,lucky-luckily 有些词形容词和副词的形式相同,不需要做任何变化:fast
16、, hard, late 有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远:neary-nearly, high-highly, late-lately新概念英语第一册语法总结:名词分为可数名词和不可数名词:1)不可数名词无法分开的东西:water, tea, bread, milk,rice 抽象的东西:love, beauty,coldness不可数名词有以下特点:不能用a, an修饰; 不能加s; 和单数be动词或动词搭配。2)可数名词单数可数名词要用冠词修饰,复数可数名词要在名词后面加s。名词复数共有以下几种变化: 规则变化的名词复数形式规则1一般情况+s e.g.shellshells book
17、books规则2以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. foxfoxes, busbuses, watchwatches规则3以o结尾+s或+es e.g. potatopotatoes,NegroNegroes, heroheroes, tomatotomatoes,(口诀:黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿),剩下一般加s, radioradios规则4以f, fe结尾的,变f, fe为ves e.g. lifelives,halfhalves, shelfshelves, wifewives规则5以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es e.g. skyskies,flyflies 不规则变化
18、的名词复数形式man(men)woman(women)foot(feet)goose(geese) tooth(teeth)child(children)sheep(sheep) deer(deer) mouse(mice)fish(fish)新概念英语第一册语法总结:限定词限定词:some, any, many, much some, any 修饰可数名词或不可数名词,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句。注意:当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用some。I have some milk. I dont have any milk. May I have some milk? many修
19、饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词。在口语中表示“很多”一般不用many, much, 而用a lot of, 在否定句中表示“很多”用many, much。I have a lot of money. I dont have much money.新概念英语第一册语法总结:直接引语/间接引语如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时,那么间接引语要做相应变化:时态,人称,时间地点及指示词1) 时态变化:一般现在时一般过去时 现在进行时过去进行时 一般过去时过去完成时 现在完成时过去完成时 一般将来时过去将来时be going towas/were going to/would cancould may-
20、might2) 时间地点及指示词的变化:here-there, tomorrow-the next day, thefollowingday, this-that3) 人称变化:根据句意改变人称。4) 直接宾语/间接宾语主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务,也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的,或者是为谁做的。所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当。He gives me a book.(me间接宾语,a book直接宾语)直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词to或for:主语及物动词直接宾语介词间接宾语Give me a bo
21、ok. = Give the book to me.Send him a letter. = Send a letter to him.Show him the new dress. = Show the new dress to him.新概念英语第一册语法总结:问句问句:一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句,选择疑问句,否定疑问句1) 一般疑问句:助动词/be动词+主语 Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea?2) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 What is your name?3) 选择疑问句:or You
22、 want beef orlamb?4) 反意疑问句: 肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分,否定陈述部分+肯定疑问部分You dont need that pen, do you?5) 否定疑问句:一般疑问句+否定词 Arent youlucky? Dont you want have a rest?新概念英语第一册语法总结:倒装句倒装句:so/neither的倒装eg: He canswim. So can I. She didnt go to class.Neitherdid I.结构:so/neither+be+ 主语 so/neither+助动词+ 主语 so/neither+情态动词+ 主语助
23、动词: 一般现在时: do, does/am, is, are 现在进行时: am, is, are一般过去时: did 现在完成时: have, has一般将来时: will, shall 过去进行时: was, were过去完成时: had 过去将来时: would新概念英语第一册语法总结:祈使句祈使句表示请求、命令、建议、邀请等,谓语动词一律用原型,句子中通常不用主语,句末用惊叹好或者句号,用降调。肯定句:动词原型Come here, please. Godownstairs, please. Stand up.Sit down. Be quiet. Be careful.祈使句中如果有
24、唤语,一定要用逗号隔开,放在句首或者句尾:Come in, Amy. Sit down here, Tom. Mary, give me a book please.否定:Dont+动词原型Dont come here. Dont sit down. Dont stand up. Dont give me it.let sb. do 让某人做Let mepass. Let us have a rest. Lets have a rest.反意疑问:Lets have a walk along the river, shall we? Let us go out for a drink, wil
25、l you?新概念英语第一册语法总结:感叹句1) What +名词+主语+谓语What a beautiful girl she is! What tall buildings they are!2) How +形容词+主语+谓语How beautiful the girl is! How tall the buildings are! 在口语中,感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略:What a nicepresent!(省略it is) Howdisappointed!(省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语)新概念英语第一册语法总结:情态动词的使用1)情态动词can(能够),must(必须),
26、may(可以)结构:主语+can/must/may+动词原型He can make the tea. Sally canairthe room. We can speak English.变疑问句将情态动词移到句首Can he make the tea? Can Sally air the room? Can we speak English?变否定句在情态动词后面加notHe cannot make the tea. Sally cannot air the room. We cannot speak English.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he can. / No, he cannot
27、. Yes, she can. /No, she cannot.Yes, we can. / No, we cannot.特殊疑问句:(必背) What can you do?注意:情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化,不要在情态动词或动词后面加s。2)must/have to的区别must 表示必须,是主观上觉得应该做,have to是不得不,是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做must 只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里,而have to do可以用在任何时态3)must, may, might表示猜测: must do 表示对现在事实的猜测 must have done表示对过去事实的猜测 must
28、 have been doing 表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测 may/might do, may/might have done表示没有任何事实依据的猜测,might的可能性更小。4)cant/couldnt 表示不可能新概念英语第一册语法总结:need的用法 表示“需要”时为实意动词,后面可以加名词,也可以加不定式:I need a pen. Do you need anybeer? No, I dont. I need to have arest.Need doing=need to be done (表示被动)The flowers need watering. =The flowe
29、rs need to be watered. 花需要浇水。 need在否定时做情态动词使用:You neednt go so early. (=You dont need to go so early.)Must I clean the desk right now? No, you neednt.新概念英语第一册语法总结:一般现在时英语中的时态一共有八种,它们是:一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、现在完成时、一般将来时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时。今天我们所要讲的就是第一种: 一般现在时表示一般性,经常性的动作或一般性事实。1、含有be动词的句子 He is a teacher. The girl is very beautiful. Tim and Jack are students.变疑问句将be动词移到句首 Is he a teacher? Is the girl very beautiful? Are Tim and Jack students?变否定句在be动词后面加not He is not a teacher. The girl is not very beauti
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