前后缀词根表较完整版供查阅.docx

1、前后缀词根表较完整版供查阅前缀、后缀、词根总结英语单词构词法前缀1.表示否定意义的前缀(1)纯否定前缀前缀举例a-, an-asymmetry (不对称), anhydrous (无水的)dis-dishonest, dislikein-, ig-, il-, im-, ir-incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregularne-, n-none, neither, nevernon-nonsenseun-unable, unemployment(2) 表示错误的意义前缀举例male-, mal-mal

2、function, maladjustment (失调)mis-mistake, misleadpseudo-pseudonym (假名), pseudoscience(3) 表示反动作的意思前缀举例de-defend, demodulation (解调)dis-disarm, disconnectun-unload, uncover(4) 表示相反、相互对立的意思前缀举例anti-, ant-antiknock (防震), antiforeign (排外的)contra-, contre-, contro-contradiction, controflow (逆流)counter-count

3、eraction, counterbalanceob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupywith-withdraw, withstand2.表示空间位置、方向关系的前缀前缀含义举例a-在之上、向aboard, asideby-附近、邻近、边侧bypath, bypasscircum-, circu-周围、环绕、回转circumstance, circuitde-在下、向下descend, degradeen-在内、进入encage, enbedex-, ec-, es-外部、外exit, eclipse, expand, exportextra-额外

4、extractionfore-在前面forehead, foregroundin-, il- im-, ir-向内、在内、背于inland, invade, inside, importinter-, intel-在间，相互international, interaction,intro-向内、在内、内侧introduce,medi-, med-, mid-中，中间Mediterranean, midpositionout-在上面，在外部，在外outline, outside, outwardover-在上面，在外部，向上overlook, overhead, overboardpost-向后

5、，在后面，次postscript (附言), postgraduatepre-在前，在前面prefix, preface, prepositionpro-在前、向前progress, proceedsub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-在下面，下subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplementsuper-, sur-在之上superficial, surface, superstructuretrans-移上，转上，在那一边translate, transform, transoceanicun

6、der-在下面，下的underline, undergroundup-向上，向上面，在上upward, uphold, uphill3.表示时间、序列关系的前缀前缀含义举例ante-, anti-先前，早于，预先antecedent, anticipateex-先、故、旧ex-president, ex-husbandfore-在前面、先前、前面foreword, foretellmid-, medi-中，中间midnight, midsummerpost-在后，后postwarpre-, pri-在前、事先、预先preheat, prewar, prehistorypro-在前、先、前pro

7、logue (序幕), prophetre-再一次、重新retell, rewrite4.表示比较程度差别关系的前缀前缀含义举例by-副、次要的byproductextra-超越、额外extraordinaryhyper-超过、极度hypersonic, hypertensionout-超过、过分outdo (超过), outbidover-超过、过度、太overeat, overdress, oversleepsub-, suc-次、低、副、亚subeditor, subordinate, successionsuper-, sur-超过supernatural, superpower, s

8、urplusunder-低劣、低下undersize, undergrownvice-副、次vice-president, vice-chairman5.表示共同、相等意思的前缀前缀含义举例com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co-共同、一起combine, connect, coexistsyn-, syl-, sym-同、共、和、类synthesis, sympathy6.表示整个完全意思的前缀前缀含义举例al-完整、完全alone, almostover-完全、全overall, overflow (充满)pan-全、总、万panentheism (泛神论), panoram

9、a (全景、概论)7.表示分离、离开意思的前缀前缀含义举例a-, ab-, abs-分离、离开away, apart, abstract, abstainde-离去、除去depart, decolourdis-, di-, dif-分离、离开disarm, divorceex-, e-离开、分离expel, exclude, expatriatefor-离开、脱离forgive, forgetre-离开release, resolvese-分离、隔离separate, seduce, select8.表示通过、遍及意思的前缀前缀含义举例dia-通过、横过diameter, diagramper

10、-, pel-通、总、遍perfect, perform, pervade (浸透)trans-横过、贯通transparent, transmit, transport9.表示加强意思的前缀前缀举例a-arouse, ashamedad-adjoin, adhere (粘着)10.表示变换此类作用的前缀前缀举例be-befriend (帮助、扶助)en-enslave, enable, enrichad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-adapt, accord, affix, aggression, arrive, assist, atten

11、d, attract, arrange, assign11.表示数量关系的前缀前缀含义举例mono-, mon-单一、一monotone, monopoly, monarchambi-, bi-, di- twi-二、两、双ambiguous, amphibian, bicycle, diode, twilightdeca-, deco-, dec-, deci-十decade, decimalshecto-, hect-, centi-百，百分之一hectometer, centimeterkilo-千、千分之一kilometermyria-, myri-, mega, meg, micro

12、-万、万分之一myriametre, megabyte, microvoltmulti-, mult-, poly-许多、复、多数multipmetre, polysyllablehemi-, demi-, semi-, pene-, pen-半、一半hemisphere, demiofiicial, semiconductor, semitransparent, peninsula12.表示特殊意义的前缀前缀含义举例arch-首位、第一的、主要的architect, archbishopauto-自己、独立、自动automobile, autobiographybene-善、福benefit

13、eu-优、美好eugenics (优生学), euphemismmale-, mal-恶、不良maltreatment, malodormacro-大、宏大macroscopic (宏观)magni-大magnificentmicro-微microscope13.表示术语的前缀前缀含义举例aud-听、声audiencebio-生命、生物biographyge-地球、大地geographyphon-声、音调phonographtele-远离television, telephone英语单词构词法后缀1.名词后缀(1) 具有某种职业或动作的人后缀含义举例-an, -ian地方的人，精通的人Amer

14、ican, historian-al具有职务的人principal-ant, -ent者merchant, agent, servant, student-ar的人scholar, liar-ard, -art做的人coward, laggard, braggart-arian派别/主义的人，humanitarian, vegetarian-ary从事的人secretary, missionary-ate具有职责的人candidate, graduate-ator做的人educator, speculator-crat某种政体、主义的支持者democrat, bureaucrat-ee动作承受

15、着employee, examinee-eer从事于的人engineer, volunteer-er从事某职业的人，某地区、地方的人banker, observer, Londoner, villager-ese国人，地方的人Japanese, Cantonese-ess阴性人称名词actress, hostess, manageress-eur家amateur, litterateur-ian地方人，信仰教的人，从事职业的人Christian, physician, musician-ician精通者，家electrician, magician, technician-icist家，者，能

16、手physicist, phoneticist, technicist-ic者，师mechanic, critic-ie爱称，指小diaries, auntie, lassie-ier从事职业cavalier, clothier, brazier-ine, -ina阴性人称heroine, ballerina-ist从事研究者，信仰主义者pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist-ive动作者，行动者native, captive-logist学家，研究者biologist, geologist-or者author, doctor, operato

17、r-ster做事情的人youngerster, gamester, songster-yer从事职业者lawyer(2)构成具有抽象名词的含义后缀含义举例-acy性质、状态、境遇accuracy, diplomacy-age状态、行为、身份及结果、总称courage, storage, marriage-al事物的动作、过程refusal, arrival, survival, denial表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal-ance, -ence性质、状态、行为、过程、总量、程度endurance, importance, diligence,

18、 difference, obedience-ancy, -ency性质、状态、行为、过程frequency, urgency, efficiency-bility动作、性质、状态possibility, feasibility-craft工艺、技巧woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft-cracy统治、支配bureaucracy, democracy-cy性质、状态、职位、级别bankruptcy, supremacy-dom等级、领域、状态freedom, kingdom, wisdom-ery, -ry行为、状态、习性bravery, bribery, riv

19、alry-ety性质、状态variety, dubiety-faction, -facture作成，化、作用satisfaction, manufacture-hood资格、身份、年纪、状态childhood, falsehood-ice行为、性质、状态notice, justice, service-ine带有抽象概念medicine, discipline, famine-ing动作的过程，结果building, writing, learning-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition行为的过程、结果、状况action, solution, conclusio

20、n, destruction, expression, correction-ise性质、状态exercise, merchandise-ism制度、主义、学说、信仰、行为socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism-ity性质、状态、程度purity, reality, ability, calamity-ment行为、状态、过程、手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument-mony动作的结果、状态ceremony, testimony-ness性质、状态、程度goodness

21、, kindness, tiredness-or, -our动作、性质、状态favor, error-osity动作、状态curiosity-ship情况、性质、技巧、技能及身份、职业hardship, membership, friendship-th动作、性质、过程、状态depth, wealth, truth, length, growth-tude性质、状态、程度latitude, altitude-ure行为、结果exposure, pressure, failure-y行为的结果、状态、性质glory, history, inquiry(3)带有场所、地方的含义后缀含义举例-age

22、住所、地点village, cottage-ary住所、场地library, granary-ery, -ry工作场所、饲养地、地点laundry, nursery, surgery-ory工作场所、住处factory, dormitory, laboratory(4)表示学术、科技含义后缀含义举例-grapy学，写法biography, calligraphy, geography-ic, -ics学，法logic, mechanics, optics-ology学，论biology, zoology, technology-nomy学，术astronomy, economy-ery学科、学

23、术chemistry, cookery, machinery-y学，术，法photography, philosophy(5)表示人和事物的总和，集合含义后缀举例-agebaggage, tonnage-domnewspaperdom-hoodneighbourhood, womanhood-rycavalry, ministry-urelegislature, judicature(6)表示物品和物质名称的含义后缀举例-ant, -entsolvent, constant-alsignal, pictorial-arcollar, pillar-erboiler, computer, was

24、her, cooker-erydrapery-ingclothing, matting-mentinstrument, equipment, attachment(7)表示“细小”的意思后缀举例-cleparticle-culemolecule-elparcel-enchicken, maiden-etpocket, ticket-etta, -ette, -ettocigarette-kinnapkin-lingduckling-letbooklet-ybaby, doggy2.形容词后缀(1)带有“属性、倾向、相关”的含义后缀举例-able, -iblemovable, comfortab

25、le, applicable, visible, responsible-alnatural, additional, educational-an, -aneurban, suburban, republican-ant, -entdistant, important, excellent-arsimilar, popular, regular-arymilitary, voluntary-ic, -atic, -icalpolitic, systematic, physical-inemasculine, feminine, marine-ingmoving, touching, dari

26、ng-ishfoolish, bookish, selfish-iveactive, impressive, decisive-orysatisfactory, compulsory-il, -ile, -eelfragile, genteel(2)表示“相像，类似”的含义后缀举例-ishboyish, childish-esquepicturesque-likemanlike, childlike-lymanly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly-sometroublesome, handsome-ymilky, pasty(3)表示“充分的”含义后缀举例-ful

27、beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful-ousdangerous, generous, courageous, various-entviolent(4)表示由某种物质形成、制成或生产的含义后缀举例-enwooden, golden, woolen-ousgaseous-ficscientific(5)表示方向的含义后缀举例-erneastern, western-warddownward, forward(6)表示“倍数”的含义后缀举例-bledouble, treble-pletriple-foldtwofold, tenfold(7)表示“数量关系”的含义后缀举例-teenthirteen-tyfifty-thfourth, fiftieth(8)表示国籍、语种、宗教的含义后缀举例-anRoman, European-eseChinese-ishEnglish, Spanish(9)表示“比较程度”的含义后缀举例-ergreater-ishreddish, yellowish-esthighest-mostforemost,