1、高考大纲英语高考大纲英 语考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题(见附录1 至附录5),要求词汇量为3500 左右。二、语言运用1听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应能:(1)理解主旨要义;(2)获取具体的、事实性信息;(3)对所听内容做出推断;(4)理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。2阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能:(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中具体信息;(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;(4)做出判断和推理;(5)理解文章的基本结构;
2、(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。3写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。考生应能:(1)清楚、连贯地传递信息,表达意思;(2)有效运用所学语言知识。4口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。考生应能:(1)询问或传递事实性信息,表达意思和想法;(2)做到语音、语调自然;(3)做到语言运用得体;(4)使用有效的交际策略。附录1 语音项目表1. 基本读音(1) 26个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(7) 辅音连缀的读音(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音(1
3、) 单词重音(2) 句子重音3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2 语法项目表1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)
4、8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时(3) 一般将来时(4) 现在进行时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing形式(3) 动词的-ed形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语
5、(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气附录3 功能意念项目表1. 社会交往(SocialCommunications)(1) 问候(Greetings)(2) 介绍(Introduction)(3) 告别(Farewells )(4) 感谢(Thanks )(5) 道歉(Apologies)(6) 邀请(Invitation)(7) 请求允许(Aski
6、ngforpermission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺(Expressingwishesandcongratulations)(9) 提供帮助(Offeringhelp)(10) 接受和拒绝(Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会(Makingappointments)(12) 打电话(Makingtelephonecalls)(13) 就餐(Havingmeals)(14) 就医(Seeingthedoctor)(15) 购物(Shopping)(16) 问路(Askingtheway)(17) 谈论天气(Talkingaboutweather)(18) 语言交际困难(La
7、nguagedifficultiesincommunication)(19) 提醒注意(Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止(Warningandprohibition)(21) 劝告(Advice)(22) 建议(Suggestions)2. 态度(Attitudes)(23) 同意和不同意(Agreementanddisagreement)(24) 喜欢和不喜欢(Likesand dislikes)(25) 肯定和不肯定(Certaintyanduncertainty)(26) 可能和不可能(Possibilityandimpossibility)(27) 能够和不能够(Ability
8、andinability)(28) 偏爱和优先选择(Preference)(29) 意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)(30) 希望和愿望(Hopesandwishes)(31) 表扬和鼓励(Praiseandencouragement)(32) 责备和抱怨(Blameandcomplaint)(33) 冷淡(Indifference)(34) 判断与评价(Judgementandevaluation)3. 情感(Emotions)(35) 高兴(Happiness)(36) 惊奇(Surprise)(37) 忧虑(Worries)(38) 安慰(Reassurance)(
9、39) 满意(Satisfaction)(40) 遗憾(Regret)(41) 同情(Sympathy)(42) 恐惧(Fear)(43) 愤怒(Anger)4. 时间(Time)(44) 时刻(Pointoftime)(45) 时段(Duration)(46) 频度(Frequency)(47) 时序(Sequence)5. 空间(Space)(48) 位置(Position)(49) 方向(Direction)(50) 距离(Distance)6. 存在(Existence)(51) 存在与不存在(ExistenceandNon-existence)7. 特征(Features)(52)
10、形状(Shape)(53) 颜色(Colour)(54) 材料(Material)(55) 价格(Price)(56) 规格(Size)(57) 年龄(Age)8. 计量(Measurement)(58) 长度(Length)(59) 宽度(Width)(60) 高度(Height)(61) 数量(Number)9. 比较(Comparison)(62) 同级比较(Equalcomparison)(63) 差别比较(Comparativeandsuperlative)(64) 相似和差别(Similarity and difference)10. 逻辑关系(Logicalrelations)(
11、65) 原因和结果(Cause andeffect)(66) 目的(Purpose)11. 职业(Occupations)(67) 工作(Jobs)(68) 单位(Employer)附录4 话题项目表1. 个人情况(Personalinformation)2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family, friendsand people around)3. 周围的环境(Personalenvironments)4. 日常活动(Dailyroutines)5. 学校生活(Schoollife)6. 兴趣与爱好(Interests and hobbies)7. 个人感情(Emotions)8. 人际关
12、系(Interpersonalrelationships)9. 计划与愿望(Plansand intentions)10. 节假日活动(Festivals,holidaysandcelebrations)11. 购物(Shopping)12. 饮食(Food and drink)13. 健康(Health)14. 天气(Weather)15. 文娱与体育(Entertainmentand sports)16. 旅游和交通(Travelandtransport)17. 语言学习(Language learning)18. 自然(Nature)19. 世界与环境(Theworldandtheenv
13、ironment)20. 科普知识与现代技术(Popularscience and modern technology)21. 热点话题(Topicalissues)22. 历史与地理(Historyand geography)23. 社会(Society)24. 文学与艺术(Literatureandart)附录5 词汇表Aa(an) artabandon vability nable a abnormal a aboard prep abolish vabortion nabout ad & prep above prep,a &ad abroad adabrupt aabsence na
14、bsent aabsolute aabsorb vabstract a & n absurd aabundant aabuse v academic a &n academy n accelerate v accent naccept v access n &v accessible a accident naccommodation n accompany v accomplish v account n accountant n accumulate v accuracy n accurate aaccuse v accustomed a ache v & n achieve vachie
15、vement n acid a acknowledge v acquaintance n acquire v acquisition n acre nacross prep act n & v action nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual aacute aAD abbrad=advertisement nadapt v adaptation n add v addicted aaddition naddress n adequate a adjust v adjustment n administration n admirable a ad
16、mire v admission n admit v adolescence n adolescent a &n adopt vadore vadult n advance v &n advantage nadventure n advertise vadvertisement nadvice nadvise v advocate v affair naffect vaffection nafford vafraid aAfrica nAfrican a &nafter ad,prep & conj afternoon n afterward(s) ad again adagainst pre
17、p age n agency nagenda nagent n aggressive a ago adagree v agreement n agricultural a agriculture n ahead adaid n &vAIDS naim n &vair naircraft nairline nairmail nairplane nairport nairspace nalarm n &valbum nalcohol n alcoholic a &n algebra nalike adalive aall ad,a &pronallergic a alley n allocate
18、vallow v allowance n almost adalone aalong ad &prep alongside ad aloud ad alphabet n already adalso ad alternative a although conj altitude n altogether ad aluminium(Amaluminum) nalways adam v(be) a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur aamaze vamazing a ambassador n ambassadress n ambiguous a ambition n ambul
19、ance n America n among prep amount n & v ample aamuse v amusement n analyse vanalysis nancestor n anchor v & n ancient a and conj anecdote n anger nangle nangry aanimal nankle n anniversary n announce v annoy vannual aanother a &pronanswer n &vant nAntarctic aantique nanxiety nanxious aany pron & a
20、anybody pron anyhow ad anyone pron anything pron anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad & a apartment napologize v apology napparent a appeal v & n appear v appearance n appendix n appetite n applaud v & n apple n applicant n application n apply vappoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation n approach
21、n &vappropriate a approval n approve v approximately ad apron narbitrary a arch n architect n architecture n Arctic aare v(be)area nargue vargument n arise(arose,arisen) v arithmetic narm n & v armchair n army naround ad & prep arrange v arrangement n arrest varrival narrive varrow n art n article n
22、artificial aartist nas ad,conj &prepash n ashamed a Asia n Asian a & n aside adask vasleep aaspect nassess v assessment n assist v assistance n assistant nassociate v association n assume v assumption nastonish v astronaut n astronomer n astronomy n at prep athlete nathletic aAtlantic a atmosphere n
23、 atom nattach v attack v & n attain v attempt v &nattend vattention nattitude nattract v attraction n attractive a audience n aunt n authentic a author n authority n automatic a autonomous a autumn n available a avenue n average a & n avoid vawake(awoke,awoken) v &aaward naware aaway ad awesome a aw
24、ful a awkward aBbaby n bachelor n back ad,a & n background nbackward(s) adbasin nbacon nbasis nbacterium(pl bacteria)nbasket nbad(worse,worst) abasketball nbadminton nbat nbag nbath nbaggage nbathe vbakery nbathroom nbalance nbathtub nbalcony nbattery nball nbattle nballet nbay nballoon nBC abbrbamb
25、oo nbe(am,is,are,was,ban n &vwere,being,been)vbanana nbeach nband nbean nbandage nbank nbar nbean curd nbear1 nbear2 vbarbecue nbeard nbarber nbeast nbarbershop nbeat(beat,beaten)v & nbare abeautiful abargain n &vbark v &nbarrier nbase n baseball n basement n basic abeauty nbecause conj become(becam
26、e,become) v bed nbeddings n bedroom n bee nbeef nbeer nbefore prep,ad&conj beg v begin(began,begun) v behalf nbehave vbehaviour(Ambehavior) nbehind prep &adbeing nbelief nbelieve vbell nbelly nbelong v below prep belt nbench n bend(bent,bent) v beneath prep beneficial a benefit n & v bent a & n besi
27、de prepbesides prep &adbetray v between prep beyond prep bicycle nbid v &nbig abike=bicycle nbill nbingo n biochemistry n biography n biology nbird nbirth n birthday n birthplace n biscuit nbishop nbit n bite(bit,bitten) v bitter ablack a & n blackboard n blame n & v blank n & a blanket nbleed vbles
28、s vblind a block n & v blood nblouse n blow(blew,blown) v blue n &aboard n &vboat nbody nboil v bomb n &v bond n & v bone nbonus nbook n & v boom n &v boot nbooth nborder nbored aboring aborn a borrow v boss n botanical a botany nboth a &pronbother vbottle nbottom nbounce vbound a boundary n bow v &nbowl n bowling n box n boxing n boy n boycott vbrain n brake n &v branch nbrand nbrave abravery nbread n break(broke,broken) v & n breakfast nbreakthrough nbreast nbreath nbreathe v breathless a brewery n brick nbride n bridegroom n bridge nbrief abright abr
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