职称英语阅读判断综合类.docx

1、职称英语阅读判断综合类2014年职称英语阅读判断综合类综合类B级第六篇：Brands【品牌】The word brand is a comprehensive term that encompasses other narrower terms. A brand is a name, term, symbol, and/or special design that is intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers. A brand differentiates one sellers

2、products from those of competitors. A brand name consists of words, letters, and/or numbers that can be vocalized. A brand mark is the part of the brand that appears in the form of a symbol, design, or distinctive coloring or lettering. It is recognized by sight but may not be expressed when a perso

3、n pronounces the brand name. A trademark is a brand that is given legal protection because, under the law, it has been appropriated by one seller. Thus trademark is essentially a legal term. All trademarks are brands and thus include the words, letters, or numbers that can be pronounced. They may al

4、so include a pictorial design. Some people erroneously believe that the trademark is only the pictorial part of the brand. One major method of classifying brands is on the basis of who owns themproducers or middlemen. Sunbeam, Florsheim, Spalding (athletic products), and Sara Lee are producers brand

5、s, while Allstate, Shurfine, Sysco, Craftsman, and Penncrest are middlemens brands. The terms national and private have been used to describe producer and middleman brand ownership, respectively. However, marketing people prefer the producer middleman terminology. To say that the brand of poultry fe

6、ed marketed in three states by a small Birmingham, Alabama, manufacturer is a national brand, whereas the brands of Penneys or Sears are private brands, stretches the meaning of the terms national and private. 文章中文翻译：品 牌品牌是一个综合性的术语，它包括其他范围更小的术语。一种品牌可以是一个名字、一个术语、一个符号或是一个特殊的标志，用以区别不同卖主或卖主群体的货物或劳务。品牌可以

7、把一个卖主的商品同其他竞争者的商品区分开来。一个品牌的名字由可以清晰读出的单词、字母及数字组成。商标是品牌的一个组成部分，其形式为一个符号、一种图案、一种与众不同的色彩或字母书写。它可以从视觉上确认，但在读品牌的名字时不一定能表达出来。商标是受法律保护的品牌，因为依据法律，它已被卖主占有了。因此，商标实质上是一个法律术语。所有的商标都是品牌，它也就包括可以被读出的单词、字母及数字。商标上也可能有图案设计。有些人错误地认为，商标仅是品牌中的图案部分。品牌分类的一种主要方法是依据其所有人制造商和中间商来划分。山比母、弗拉什姆、斯巴尔丁（体育用品）和萨拉李等是制造商的品牌，而奥斯泰特、舒费因、赛斯克

8、、克拉夫茨曼和Penncrest则是中间商的品牌。国有和私有这两个术语分别用于描述制造商与中间商的品牌所有权。不过，销售人员更偏爱生产者中间商这个术语。我们说阿拉巴马州伯明翰市一家小厂生产的、在三个州都有出售的家禽饲料为国有品牌，而Penneys或Sears为私有品牌，就把国有和私有这两个术语的意思引申了。练习：1. “Brand” is a general term which covers narrower terms such as “brand name”, “brand mark”, and “trademark”. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentione

9、d2. A brand name is intended to impress customers with an attractive and original design while a trademark is intended to do so with a peculiar sound. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned3. Trademarks are protected by law while brand names are not. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned4. Some people iden

10、tify the brand mark with the trademark. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned5. Among various methods of classifying brands, the one based on ownership is widely accepted. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned6. Penncrest is a national brand. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned7. When classifying brands, m

11、arketing people tend to employ the categories of “producer-owned” and “middleman owned” A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned答案与题解： 1A文章第一句话说“brand”是一个意义很宽泛的词，涵盖了其他一些意义比较狭窄的词，接着作者就在下文讨论了不同种类的“brand”，包括“brand name”，“brand mark”“trademark等。 2B第一段说“brand name”是由可以发音的单词、字母、数字构成的，而“brand mark”则是由符号和图案设计组成的。

12、因此，这一句话把问题正好说颠倒了。3B第二段说。trademark”是一个法律概念，指的是受法律保护的商标；对照该段的前三个句子和第一段的第四个句子，可以看出“brand name”也是受法律保护的。4A 第二段最后一句话说有些人错把品牌的图案部分即“brand makk”当作商品的“trademark”。 5A第三段说根据所有权来区分商标是一种主要的方法，从中可以推出它是被广为接受的一种方法。 6B文章最后一段说由中间人拥有的品牌又称为私有品牌，而倒数第二段说Penncrest是一个中间人品牌，因此它是私有品牌而不是国有品牌。7A最后一段说销售人员更喜欢使用“生产者中间商”这一有关所有者的术

13、语来区分品牌，而不是“国有私有”这一术语。第七篇：Moderate earthquake Strikes England【中度地震袭击英国】A moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007, toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. Several thousand people were left without power1 in Kent County2. One woman suffered mi

14、nor head and neck injuries.It felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride,3 said the woman.The British Geological Survey said the 4.3-magnitude quake4 struck at 8:19 a.m. and was centered under the English Channel5, about 8.5 miles south of Dover6 and near the entrance to t

15、he Channel Tunnel7.Witnesses said cracks appeared in walls and chimneys collapsed across the county. Residents said the tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15 seconds.I was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had just got up from bed next to me, said Hendrick van Eck,27, of Canterbury8 about60 mile

16、s southeast of London. I then heard the sound of cracking, and it was getting heavier and heavier9. It felt as if someone was at the end of my bed hopping up and down. There are thousands of moderate quakes on this scale around the world each year, but they arc rare in Britain. The April 28 quake wa

17、s the strongest in Britain since 2002 when a4.8-magnitude quake struck the central England city of Birmingham10.The countrys strongest earthquake took place in the North Sea in 1931, measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale11. British Geological Survey scientist Roger Musson said the quake took place on 2

18、8 April in an area that had seen several of the biggest earthquakes ever to strike Britain, including one in 1580that caused damage in London and was felt in France.12 Musson predicted that it was only a matter of time13 before another earthquake Struck this part of England. However, people should n

19、ot be scared too much by this prediction, Musson said, as the modern earthquake warning system of Britain should be able to detect a. forthcoming quake and announce it several hours before it takes place. This would allow time for people to evacuate and reduce damage to the minimum.文章中文翻译：中度地震袭击英国20

20、07年4月28日英格兰东南部地区发生中度地震，一些房屋烟囱倒塌，许多居民半夜从睡梦中惊醒。肯特郡几千人遭遇断电。一名女子头部和颈部受了轻伤。“它（地震）给人的感觉是整幢房子就像游乐场的滑行机一样在滑动。”该女子说。英国地质调查局说，本次里氏4.3级的地震发生于上午8点19分，震中在英吉利海峡底部，位于多佛尔以南约8.5英里处的海峡隧道入口附近。一些目击者看到郡中墙壁出现裂缝，并有烟囱倒塌。当地居民说震动大约持续了10 15秒。“我当时躺在床上，觉得好像旁边有人从床上站起来。”住在伦敦东南部60英里处坎特伯雷的27岁的Hendrick van Eck说，“然后我听到有东西裂开的声音，而且越来越响

21、。就好像有人在我床尾不停地并着脚跳。”这种规模的中度地震世界上每年都会发生几千次，但在英国仍非常少见。4月28日的地震是英国自2002年中部城市伯明翰里氏4.8级地震以来最强的一次。英国的地震最高曾达到里氏6.1级，1931年发生在北海。英国地质勘测所的科学家罗杰马森说，4月28日发生地震的地区曾经遭受过几起英国最大的地震，其中的一次发生在1580年，那次地震蹂躏了伦敦，并波及法国。马森预言英格兰的这个地区早晚还会发生地震，但他说人们不必对此产生太大恐惧，因为英国的现代地震预警系统应该能够侦测即将发生的地震，并在震前数小时内通知大家。这将使人们有时间撤离震区，并把损失降到最低。练习：1. Du

22、ring the April 28 earthquake the whole England was left without power.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned2. The Channel Tunnel was closed for 10 hours after the earthquake occurred.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned3. It was reported that one lady had got her head and neck injured, but not seriously.A Righ

23、t B Wrong C Not mentioned4. France and several other European countries sent their medical teams to work side by side with the British doctors.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned5. The countrys strongest earthquake took place in London in 1580.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned6. Musson predicted that anot

24、her earthquake would occur in southeast England sooner or later.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned7. It can be inferred from the passage that England is rarely hit by high magnitude earthquakes.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned答案与题解：1B题句说2007年4月28日的地震致使全英格兰都停电，与短文第一段第一句表达的内容不符。短文说地震殃及英格兰东南部的肯特郡部分地区，电力中断，

25、几千名居民无电可用。所以，题句是错误的，答案为B。2C本题所说的意思是：地震发生后，海峡隧道关闭了10小时。题句表达的内容短文中找不到，故答案为C。3A题句的意思是：地震中一个妇女的头部和颈部受了点轻伤。题句表达的意思与第一段最后一句表达的内容相符。所以选项A是答案。4C题句表达的意思是：法国和其他几个欧洲国家派遣他们的医疗队去英国与当地的医生并肩工作。这一内容短文中找不到，故答案为C。5B题句所说的英国最强烈的地震于1580年发生在伦敦，这与短文表述的事实不符。短文第七段第一句明白无误地说，英国最强烈的地震于1931年发生在北海。题句表达的信息是错误的，故答案为B。6A题句说Masson预言

26、在英格兰东南部迟早将发生另一次地震。这一说法与短文最后一段第三句所表达的意思相符。所以答案是A。7A短文第六段第一句说，全球每年发生强度为里氏4级左右的地震有几千次，但是这种中等强度的地震在英格兰很少发生。据此，读者可以容易地推断出，高震级的地震在英格兰就更少见了。第八篇：Easy Learning【容易的学习】Students should be jealous. Not only do babies get to doze their days away, but theyve also mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep. B

27、y the time babies are a year old they can recognize a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour at the University of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast because they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake. To test the theory, Cheour and her c

28、olleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first few days of their lives. They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel soundsone that sounds like “oo”, another like “ee” and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between. EEG record

29、ings of the infants brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds. Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers, while the rest were split into two sleep-study groups. One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the s

30、ame three vowels, while the others listened to other, easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds. When tested in the morning, and again in the evening, the babies whod heard the tricky boundary vowel all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognise this new sound. They could iden

31、tify the sound even when its pitch was changed, while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all. Cheour doesnt know how babies accomplish this night-time learning, bunt she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults, babies dont “turn off” their cerebr

32、al cortex while they sleep. The skill probably fades in the course of the first year of life, she addsso forget the idea that you can pick up tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders. 文章中文翻译：容易的学习学生们应该感到嫉妒。婴儿们尽管整天睡觉，但是他们还能在睡眠中掌握学习的艺术。婴儿到了一周岁时，他们可以识别出很多音，甚至一些简