可锐考研英语阅读真题解析.docx

1、可锐考研英语阅读真题解析2018年可锐考研英语阅读真题解析（三）五、胚胎研究BBC s Casualty programme on Saturday evening gave viewers a vote as to which of two patients should benefit from a donation. But it failed to tell us that we would not need to make so many life-and-death decisions if we got to grip with the chronic organ shortag

2、e. Being pussyfooting around in its approach to dead bodies, the Government is giving a kicking to some of the most vulnerable in our society. One depressing consequence of this is that a significant number of those on the waiting list take off to foreign countries to purchase an organ from a living

3、 third-world donor, something that is forbidden in the United Kingdom. The poor have no option but to wait in vain.The Human Tissue Authoritys position on the retention of body parts for medical research after a post-mortem examination is equally flawed. The new consent forms could have been drafted

4、 by some evil person seeking to stop the precious flow of human tissue into the pathological laboratory. The forms are so lengthy that doctors rarely have time to complete them and, even if they try, the wording is so graphic that relatives tend to leg it before signing. In consequence, the number o

5、f post mortems has fallen quickly.The wider worry is that the moral shortsightedness evident in the Human Tissue Act seems to infect every facet of the contemporary debate on medical ethics. Take the timid approach to embryonic stem cell research. The United States, for example, refuses government f

6、unding to scientists who wish to carry out potentially ground-breaking research on the surplus embryos created by IVF treatment.Senators profess to be worried that embryonic research fails to respect the dignity of “potential persons”. Rarely can such a vacuous concept have found its way into a deba

7、te claming to provide enlightenment. When is this “potential” supposed to kick in? In case you were wondering, these supposedly precious embryos are at the same stage of development as those that are routinely terminated by the Pill without anyone crying. Thankfully, the British Government has refus

8、ed the position of the United States and operates one of the most liberal regimes in Europe, in which licences have been awarded to researchers to create embryos for medical research. It is possible that, in years to come, scientists will be able to grow organs in the lab and find cures for a range

9、of debilitating diseases.The fundamental problem with our approach to ethics is our inability to separate emotion from policy. The only factor that should enter our moral and legal deliberations is that of welfare, a concept that is meaningless when applied to entities that lack self-consciousness.

10、Never forget that the research that we are so reluctant to conduct upon embryos and dead bodies is routinely carried out on living, pain-sensitive animals.1. What has caused the chronic organ shortage?A a decrease in donation rates. B inefficient governmental policy.C illegal trade in human organs.

11、D news medias indifference.2. The expression “pussyfooting around” might mean_.A unfair B hesitant C secret D strict3. The moral shortsightedness is revealed in the fact that _.A the government has stopped the experiment on human tissueB the donation consent forms are difficult to understandC the Hu

12、man Tissues Act is an obstacle to important medical researchD embryonic research shows disregard for human life4. To which of the following is the author most likely to agree?A the rich and the poor are equal in the face of death. B more scientists are needed for the medical advancement.C there is a

13、 double standard in medical ethics. D the dead deserve the same attention as the living.5. The author is most critical of_.A the media B doctors C U. S. Legislators D the British government答案:1.B 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.C核心词汇和超纲词汇get to grips with认真处理chronic慢性的，长期的，延续很长的pussyfoot谨慎的，顾虑重重的approach 方式、方法、态度，如Th

14、e school has decided to adopt a different to disciplinevulnerable易受攻击的，脆弱的，敏感的retention保留，保持;retainleg it逃跑purport自称，标榜;主要意思，大意，主旨kick in开始生效regime统治方式，统治制度，政权，政体;组织方法，管理体制deliberation熟思，考虑，商议全文翻译英国广播公司的“急诊服务处”节目于周六晚上让电视观众投票，决定两个病人之中哪一个应该受益于器官捐赠。但是该节目没有告诉我们如果认真处理长期的器官缺乏问题，就没有必要做那么多生死抉择。政府对待尸体问题顾虑重重，

15、给我们社会中最弱势的群体一个打击。它造成的一个令人沮丧的后果是等待名单上很大一部分人飞到国外从第三世界捐赠者那里购买活体器官，而这在英国是被禁止的。穷人除了徒然地等待之外别无选择。人体组织局在验尸后保留身体部位用于医学研究的观点也同样有缺陷。新的捐赠同意书可能由某个怀有恶意、试图阻止人体组织运往病理化验所的人物起草。同意书如此冗长，以至于医生很少有时间读完它们，即便他们努力了，由于上面的措辞以图表表示，因此当事人的亲戚往往在签名之前逃跑了。结果验尸的数量骤然下降。更广泛的忧虑是人体组织法令明显的道德短视似乎全面影响了当前的医学伦理争论。以小心翼翼的胚胎干细胞研究为例，美国政府拒绝为科学家提供基

16、金，在由试管受精创造的剩余胚胎上进行具有潜在的突破性的研究。一些参议员表示担心胚胎研究未能尊重“潜在的人”的尊严。这样一个空洞的概念很难设法进入声称要提供启示的争论之中。什么时候这种“潜在”才能生效呢? 免得你感到奇怪，这些想象上宝贵的胚胎与那些例行公事地被避孕丸扼杀却没有任何人哭泣的的生命处于同样的发展阶段。令人感激的是，英国政府已经拒绝接受美国的立场并成立了一个欧洲最自由的体制，在这里，研究者被授权为医学研究制造胚胎。在未来的几年科学家很由可能能够在实验室中培育器官并找出一系列使人衰弱的疾病的治愈办法。我们对待伦理的方法上存在的基本的问题是没有能力把情感与政策分开，这表现在尸体和胚胎的神话

17、上。唯一应该进入我们道德和法律的慎重考虑之中的因素是幸福。幸福是一个概念，当它被运用到缺乏自我意识的实体上的时候是没有意义的。永远不要忘记我们如此不愿进行的胚胎和尸体的研究正在一些活生生的、有疼痛知觉的动物上照常实行。六、索尼公司的管理问题In the late 1980s, Akio Morita, the co-founder of Sony Corp. , embarked on the most costly shopping expedition of his long career. A visionary who believed that Sonys future lay in

18、 the convergence of hardware and “content” such as music and film, Morita eventually set his sights on Columbia Pictures Entertainment, with its two studios and a vast library of movie titles and television series. In September, 1989, after months of on-again, off-again negotiations, Sony agreed to

19、pay the inflated asking price of $3.2 billion and assume $1.6 billion in debt.What was the rationale for such a decision? According to John Nathans Sony: The Private Life, it was motivated only by senior executives desire to please the company patriarch. Even Morita, then Sonys chairman and CEO, bel

20、ieved that Columbias price tag, originally $35 per share, was exorbitant. In a closed-door meeting in August, 1989, details of which have never been fully revealed, he told his seven top aides, who made up the decision-making executive committee, that he was abandoning the idea of the acquisition.Th

21、at would have been the end of it had Morita not voiced regret over dinner that evening with the committee members. “Its too bad,” he lamented, “Ive always dreamed of owning a Hollywood studio.” The next day, the group reconvened and promptly decided that Sony would purchase Columbia after all. In th

22、e weeks that followed, Sony upped its bid from an initial $15 to $27 a share and, by late September, made a deal that was ridiculed by industry experts. In 1994, mismanagement forced Sony to write off $2.7 billion and assume a loss of $510 million for its Hollywood experiment.Sony: The Private Life

23、is filled with such insiders tales, making it the most vivid and detailed account in English of the personalities who built the $50 billion-plus consumer-electronics giant. Nathan, a professor of Japanese cultural studies at the University of California, got access to dozens of executives who had co

24、ntributed to or witnessed Sonys development since its 1946 founding in war-devastated Tokyo. Nathan offers, however, only limited analysis of Sony, the corporation. And he tends to go over well-trodden ground: how Sony established itself in the U.S. and how it developed famous products or devices. M

25、uch of this has appeared before in articles and, to a lesser extent, in books.This is not to say that Nathans book has no point of view. The companys underlying problem, as illustrated in the Columbia case, is that the environment in which the Sony Corporation has historically conducted its affairs

26、is less public than personal, less rational than sentimental. In conclusion, Nathan says that, under the current leadership of President Nobuyuki Idei, Sony is emerging as a rational company. Moreover, Idei and his practical-minded managers are intent on reinventing Sony as an Internet company. From

27、 now on, says Nathan, “personal relationships are not likely again to figure decisively.” But how will this Sony fare? Nathan admits that a dazzling future is far from guaranteed.1. Which of the following is true of Sonys acquisition of Columbia Pictures?A It was motivated by Moritas desire to proje

28、ct an image of success.B Sonys top executives were quite convinced of its benefits for the company.C Entertainment industry insiders believed it was the failure of Hollywood.D It was the expensive expansion from electronics into entertainment.2. The word “patriarch” most probably means_.A founder B

29、monarch C elder D forerunner3. It can be inferred from the last two paragraphs that_.A Sony: The Private Life is the biography of Akio MoritaB Sonys Japanese leaders have been too practical-mindedC this management problem of Sony cannot be rectified overnightD Nathan did not write about how Sony est

30、ablished itself as the electronics giant4. Nathans attitude towards Morita seems to be of_.A strong distaste B implicit criticism C enthusiastic support D reserved consent5. The best title for the passage may be_.A Sonys Shopping Expedition B Sony: the Private LifeC Who Drove Sony to Ground D Sony:

31、Management by Impulse答案:1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D核心词汇和超纲词汇XX文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我embark 上船，装船; on/upon sth.从事，着手，开始expedition远征，探险;探险队;发出，派遣XX文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我visionary空想家，梦想者，好幻想的人vision幻想，幻影convergence集中，收敛converge聚合，集中于一点library系列丛书，文库，如a of childrens classics儿童文学名著系列丛书on-again, off-again一上一下，遭遇到种种波折asking price卖主的开叫价，卖出价rationale基本原理，根本原因，理论依据exorbitant过度的，过高的，昂贵的lament悔恨，悲叹，哀悼reconvene重新集合，重新召集convene召集, 集合treadtrod trodden踩，践踏;行走ground范围、领域，如We have to go over the same。fare费用，旅客，食物过日子，遭遇，受招待How did youin London?全文翻译在20世纪80年代后期，索尼公司的联