初二英语第三讲动词时态和情态动词.docx

1、初二英语第三讲动词时态和情态动词初一二英语-动词时态和情态动词动词时态一初中常用的八大时态及时间状语时态基本概念基本形式常用时间状语一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态，或客观真理动词原形或第三人称单数always/often/usually/sometimes/never/every day/once a week一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态动词的过去式（注意不规则变化）just now / yesterday / last week/two hours ago/in 1998一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态；在时间状语从句中由一般现在时代替be going to /

2、 will(shall)+ 动词原形tomorrow / next week / in two days/in the future现在进行时表示现在正在发生的动作be + 动词的现在分词now / at present / at the (this) moment / Look (Listen)现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在有影响或一直持续到现在have / has + 动词的过去分词already/just/yet/never/ever/three times/today/this week/since last winter /for three hours / recently(l

3、ately) / so far /till now / in the past(last) ten dayssince引导的时间状语从句过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在发生的动作was / were + 动词的现在分词at that moment /at this time yesterday / just then / at 6:00 last Sunday / from 1:00 to 3:00 yesterday afternoonwhen/while引导的时间状语从句中过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作had + 动词的过去分词by the end of l

4、ast month / By the time + 时间状语从句(从句用过去时)原因状语从句、宾语从句和让步状语从句中过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态would / was (were) going to + 动词原形the next day 主句是过去时态的宾语从句中二动词时态中的常见问题1. 不用进行时的动词1) 事实状态的动词（如：have, belong, cost, weigh, continue） I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理状态的动词 （如：know, realize,

5、 think see, believe, agree, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate） I need your help. He loves her very much.3 ) 瞬间动词 (如：receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide) I accept your advice. He didnt allow me to go out.4) 部分系动词 （如：seem, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, beco

6、me, turn）You seem a little tired. It looks like a ball.2. 可以用几种时态表示将来发生的动作1) 下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes.2) 下列动词：come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay, take

7、off, fly to的现在进行时表将来，主要用来表示人的意图、打算、安排。 Im leaving tomorrow. Are you staying here till next week? 3) 在时间或条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.4) 在倒装句中用一般现在时表示动作正在进行或即将发生。Here comes the bus. （车要来了）There goes the bell. （上课铃响了

8、）5) 渐变动词，如：get, run, grow, become,及die的现在进行时表示将来，主要用来表示即将发生的事。He is dying. 他快要死了。It is getting colder and colder. 天变得越来越冷了。3. 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别1) 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2) 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。3) 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, le

9、arn, work, study, know。 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become等。 I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了。） She has returned from Paris.（她已从巴黎回来了。） She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回来了。） He has bee

10、n in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)4) 有些时间状语，如this morning, tonight, this month 等，既可用于一般过去时，又可用于现在完成时，但所表达的意义有所不同。用于现在完成时表示包括现在在内，而用于一般过去式则与现在无关。 I have read this book this April. (说话时仍然为四月。) I read this book this April. (说话时四月份已过。

11、) 4. 一般过去时和过去完成时的区别1) 一般过去式表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态，即过去的过去。当强调过去某一动作发生在某一动作之前时，常用此时态。 He had finished his homework before nine oclock.九点之前他已经完成了作业。He finished his homework at nine oclock. 在九点时他完成了作业。2) 实际上，一般现在时和过去完成时常搭配使用。When he got home, his daughter had already gone to bed.

12、He said he had worked there for a long time. 3) 句中有by引导的时间状语从句时，动词可以单独用过去完成时，但是表示状态时仍用一般过去时。 By the end of last year, he had already got his doctors degree. By last September I was already 18 years old.5. 瞬间动词与延续动词的区别和转换动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为持续动词与瞬间动词。 延续动词 表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know,

13、 walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。可以与表示时间段的状语连用，如：for+一段时间; since从句; since+时间点名词; how long; for a long time等。瞬间动词 也称终止性动词、非延续性动词, 表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用。1) 用于完成时的区别 延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表

14、示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。He has completed the work.他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)Ive known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)2) 用于till / until从句的差异 延续动词用于肯定句，表示做直到。瞬间动词用于否定句，表示到，才。He didnt come back until ten oclock. 他到10 点才回来。He slept until ten oclock.他一直睡到10点。3) 瞬间动词与延续动词的转换leave - be away, borrow - keep, buy - have,

15、 begin/start - be on, die - be dead, finish - be over, join - be in + 组织机构 / be a member of + 组织机构, open sth - keep sth open, fall ill - be ill, catch a cold - have a cold, come here - be here, go there - be there, become - be, come back - be back, fall asleep - be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach - be

16、(in), leave - be away from,The old man died 4 years ago. -The old man has been dead for 4 years. - It is 4 years since the old man died. - Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. - I have had

17、the book for 5 days.6. 用现在完成时的句型1) It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late.2) This is the that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first

18、time (that) Ive heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。Great minds think alike. . Choose the best answer.1. Bothhisparentslooksad. Maybethey_whatshappenedtohim. knew . have known . must know .will know2. Hehas_ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still3. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A.

19、will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be4. Charlie _ here next month. A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work5. Haveyoumet Mr. Li _？. justnow . ago .before . a moment ago6. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice. will see . have s

20、een . saw .see7. Thesefarmershavebeen to the United States .Really? When _ there?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone8. Listen! The baby _ in the next room. A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries9. Look! The twins_ new sweaters. A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D. is wear

21、ing10. Dont talk here. Grandparents_. A. is sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep11._ you _ yourhomeworkyet ? Yes. I _it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish12. How long have you _ here ?About two months . been . gone .

22、 come . arrive13. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be14. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be15. -_ you _ free tomorrow? -No. I _ free the day after tomorro

23、w. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be16. My mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give17. -Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? -_. A. No, you wont. B. No, you arent. C. No, thanks. D.

24、No, please.18. I _ that you _ good care of her that day.A. thoughtwill take B. thoughtwould takeC. think will take D. think would take19. The boys_ only two subjects last term, but this term they_ five.A. have, have B. had, had C. had, have D. have had, have20. They stopped here because they_ the wa

25、y to the station.A. didnt know B. dont know C. will know D. werent known21. -Where is the morning paper? - I _ it for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get22. _ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are23. If they come, we _ a meeting.

26、A. have B. will have C. had D. would have24. He _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to give25. Its eight oclock now. The students _ an English class. A. have B. having C. is having D. are having26. Tom is a worker. He _ in a factory. His sisters _

27、in a hospital. A. work/ work B. works/ work C. work/ works27. Who _ English best in your class? A. speak B. speaks C. speaking28. He _ to us as soon as he gets there. A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote29. He _ in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to c

28、oming back30. Who _ over there now? A. singing B. are sing C. is singing D. sing31. Mrs. Read _ the windows every day. A. is cleaning B. clean C. cleans32. We _ music and often _ to music. A. like/ listen B. likes/ listens C. like/ are listening33. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating. A. isnt r

29、ain B. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. doesnt rain34. -Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? -No, _ （不去）. A. they willnt. B. they wont. C. they arent. D. they dont.35. She _ up at six in the morning. A. get B. gets C. getting36. On Sundays he sometimes _ his clothes and sometimes _ some shopping.A. wash/ do B. is washing/ is doing C.