被动语态的几种特殊用法.docx

1、被动语态的几种特殊用法被动语态的几种特殊用法(1)主动形式表示被动意义1)常见的这类动词有：“act，add up，clean，compare，count，cook，draw，fill，iron，keep，let，look，make up，milk，kill，open，photograph，prove，read，sell，smoke，spoil”等。The window wont open(这扇窗户打不开。) The cow milks well(这头牛出奶率很高。)Damp wood will not fire(湿木不易燃烧。)She doesnt photograph well(她不上相。

2、)His judgment proved wrong(他的判断是错的。) The banana peels easily(香蕉皮剥起来很容易。) Flies kill easily in autumn(秋天苍蝇容易死亡。) It turned out fine that day(结果那天天气很好。)How did his coat catch on a nail? (他的衣服怎么钩到钉子上了?) 2)实用动词“needwantdeserverequire +V-ing(动名词)”形式表示被动意义。My hair needs cutting。The bike wants repairingIt

3、doesnt deserve mentioningHamlet is required reading for the course(哈姆雷特为本课程指定读物。) 3)一些固定句型如：be worth doing sth have/get sth(sb.)done，以及to be under(in)+抽象名词等表示被动意义：Beijing is a big city in China and worth visiting(北京是中国的一个大城市，值得浏览。)Mr.Wilson had his wallet stolen the day before yesterday(威尔逊先生前天丢了一个钱

4、包)。The bike is under(in)repair(自行车正在修理中。)This tape recorder is in use(这种录音机正在使用中。) 4)一些不定式的主动态表示被动意义： There be句型：There are a lot of things to doThere is nothing to worry about不定式修饰want, have等动词的宾语，而句中的主语同时又不是不定式的逻辑主语时：I want some clothes to wash Do you have anything to say for yourself?不定式修饰buy，get，

5、give等动词的直接宾语，而句中的间接宾语又是不定式的逻辑主语时：His sister gave him a bike to rideMy father get me a book to read 5)少数动词的进行时，有时表示被动意义：Her works are printingThe drum is beatingMy new house is building (2)“It is+V-ed+that-?结构表示被动 常用的这类结构有：“it is said that”(据说)；It is supposed that(据推测)；It is well known that(众所周知)；It

6、is believed that(据信)；It is reported that(据报导)；It is hoped that(人们希望)；It is generally considered that(有人认为)；1twill be seen that(由此可以看出)；It must be admitted that(必须承认)；It must be pointed out that(必须指出)”等。 It is believedthought that this medicine works wellIt is required(of)him that he give the evidenc

7、e(要求我提供证据)It is feared that he could not come hereIt is estimated that a flight to Shanghai would take more than one hour It is often realized that women held a high social position in the Southern European societies in the 10th and llth centuries (3) “get + p.p.(动词的过去分词)表示被动： 这种结构往往用来强调动作的结果，也可用来表示

8、突然发生的事态，或最终出现的某种事实，是一种非正式语体。Did the question get answered?A Boeing 747 got crashed last week The house is getting paintedrepaired The building got damaged in the floodThousands of soldiers got killed in the warAs I passed by, my coat got caught on a nail注在下列句子中，不能使用“get + p.p. (动词的过去分词)”结构。 误：He got

9、 born in 1976正：He was born in 1976误：The stow got written by him正：The story Was written by him误：The conference got being held in London正：The conference is being held in London (4) 注意以下被动语态的几种情况 1)短语动词变为被动语态后，其后的介词或副词应紧随其后。Frank was brought up by his auntThe babies are well looked afterThe meeting Was

10、 put offThe salesman was put out by Mr.Wilsons question(威尔逊先生的问题把那位售货员惹火了。) 2)“Verb+宾语+宾补”变为被动语态后，宾语转化为主语，宾补转化为主补。The wall Was painted white(We painted the wal1 white)He is regarded as smart (We regarded him as smart) The house was found empty(We found the house empty)He Was heard to play the guitar

11、 in the next door(I heard him play the guitar in the next door)浅析动词被动语态的几种特殊用法 重庆 / 谢仕芳 一、短语动词（“动词介词 / 副词”、“动词副词介词”），如： look after, laugh at, operate on, bring out, give up, put off, do away with, make up for, look down upon 等作谓语，变被动语态时，要把它们看作一个整体，其中的介词或副词不能漏掉。例如： 1. We look after the baby carefully

12、. 我们小心地照看着婴儿。 The baby is looked after carefully. 2. The doctor operated on him at once. 医生立刻给他动了手术。 He was operated on at once. 二、感官动词（ see, watch, notice, hear, feel 等）和使役动词（ let, make, have 等）用在主动句中，要求后面接不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语，但变被动语态时，要加上 to 。因为此时原宾语补足语就变成主语补足语了。例如： 3. I saw the boy play in the street.

13、 我看见那个男孩在街上玩。 The boy was seen to play in the street. 4. She made me stand for 45 minutes. 她让我站了 45 分钟。 I was made to stand for 45 minutes. 三、带双宾语的句子变被动语态时，如果“直宾”作主语，通常要在“间宾”前加 to ，但当谓语动词为 make, mend, buy, pay, get, sing, cook, fetch, spare, find 等时，要在“间宾”前加 for 。例如： 5. They pass me a letter. 他们递给我一

14、封信。 A letter is passed to me. 6. The mother bought her daughter a gift. 那位母亲给她女儿买了一件礼物。 A gift was bought for her daughter. 四、带复合宾语（宾语宾语补足语）的句子，即宾语和宾语补足语都是名词或代词充当的句子，变被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，而宾补保留在谓语后面。例如： 7. They call the girl Lucy. 他们叫那个女孩露茜。 The girl is called Lucy. 五、当 anybody, anything 等不定代词作主动式否定

15、句的宾语时，变被动语态时，应将其变为 nobody, nothing 作被动句的主语，而把被动句的谓语动词变为肯定形式。例如： 8. He hasnt eaten anything until this morning. 到今天早上为止他什么都没吃。 Nothing has been eaten until this morning. 六、有些动词和动词短语是没有被动形式的，也不可用其过去分词作后置定语，如 arrive, die, become, disappear, happen, take place, break out, belong to 等。例如： 9. The American

16、 Civil War broke out in 1861. 在 1861 年美国内战爆发了。 10. The accident which took place last week surprised us. 上星期发生的事件使我们很惊讶。 七、当谓语动词为 say, report, think, believe, expect, know, consider, suppose 等的句子变被动语态时，有两种形式： A. 用 it 作形式主语，而真正的主语用从句的形式来表达，句型为： It is said / reported / supposed / believed that （据说 / 据

17、报道 / 据推测 / 有人相信）。例如： 11. People say that he is a doctor. It is said that he is a doctor. 据说他是个医生。 B. 谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主语补足语。例如： 12. People say that he is a doctor. He is said to be a doctor. 八、主动形式表被动意义的几种情况。 A. 一些及物动词，如 read, act, write, feel, sell, wear, wash, open, shout, clean, cook, keep, play,

18、cut, fill, blow, measure, lock, allow, run, record, begin 等，在主语是物的句子里时，常用主动形式表被动意义。例如： 13. The story-book sells well. 这本故事书很畅销。 14. This pen writes smoothly. 这支钢笔很好用。 15. The machine runs well. 机器运转良好。 B. 一些表示状态特征的连系动词或一些感官动词，如 look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear 等充当系动词时，用主动形式表被动意义。例如： 16

19、. The roses smell sweet. 玫瑰花闻起来很香。 17. Good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 C. 动词不定式前有形容词 light, heavy, easy, difficult, expensive, fit, nice, interesting, dangerous, bitter 等，且与句子主语构成动宾关系时，用主动形式表被动意义。例如： 18. The old man is difficult to deal with. 那个老人很难应付。 19. The telephone number “ 119 ” is easy to

20、remember. 电话号码 119 很好记。 D. 在“ This / That is + 名词”的句型中，修饰表语的不定式用主动形式表被动意义。例如： 20. This is a hard question to answer. 这是个很难回答的问题。 21. That is a nice place to visit. 那是个值得参观的好地方。 E. 作定语用的不定式的逻辑主语在句中作主语或宾语时，用主动形式表被动意义。例如： 22. I have a lot of work to do. 我今天有很多工作要做。 被动语态的特殊用法一、主动形式表示被动意义。 主动形式表示被动意义有以下几

21、种情况：1在句型“sth.link v.adj.”中，如look, sound, smell, taste 和feel这五个连系动词用主动形式表示“某物给人某种感觉”。例如：This kind of cloth feels smooth and looks nice. 这种布料摸起来光滑，看起来很漂亮。2在句型“sth.vi.adv.”中，象wish, sell, write, lock, open, close, last 等不及物动词，用主动形式表示某物的某种属性。例如：This kind of cloth washes easily and sells well. 这种布料容易洗，好卖。

22、3在“adj.to do”结构中，作状语的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。例如：The water is unfit to drink. 这水不宜饮用。I found his house easy to find. 我发觉他的房子很容易找到。4在“have / want / need sth. to do”结构中，作定语的不定式用主动形式示被动意义。例如：Do you have anything to say for yourself. 你有什么话要替自己说吗？I want something to eat. 我想吃点东西。I need some water to drink. 我需要喝点水。注

23、意：动词have后面的不定式也可以用被动形式，此时，不定式的动作的执行者，往往是别人而不是句子中的主语。例如：Im going to Beijing. Do you have anything to be bought?我要去北京，你有什么东西要(我)买吗？I have a child to be looked after. 我有个小孩要人照看。试比较：I have a child to look after. 有个小孩要我照看。5在句型“give / buy , / lend / get sb. sth. to do”中，作定语的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。例如：Im hungry. Ca

24、n you give me something to eat？我饿了，请给我点吃的好吗？She offered to lend me some books to read. 他提出借些书我看。6在句型“there is sth. to do”中，作定语的不定式既可以用主动形式表示被动意义，也可以用波动形式。例如：As there was nothing else to do / to be done, we left there.由于没有别的事可做，我们离开了那儿。There are a number of problems to deal with / to be dealt with. 有

25、很多问题要处理。7在“with宾语宾语补足语”独立主格结构中，作宾补的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义（主语是不定式动作执行者）。例如：With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newlyelected president is having a hard time.由于有很多问题要解决，新选的总统日子不好过。8在“be to blame (for)”结构中，作表语的不定式用主动形式表示“应该受到责备或谴责”。例如：Who is to blame for it？这事该怪谁呢？The driver is to blame for the acci

26、dent. 司机应该对事故负责。9在表示“需要”的动词need, want, require之后，作宾语的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。例如：The teaching plan requires further discussing. 教学计划需要进一步讨论。The machine needs repairing. 这个机器需要修理。10在“be worth doing”结构中，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。例如：The movie is worth seeing twice. 这部影片值得看两遍。11在表示“应得、应受”的动词deserve 之后作宾语，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。例如：T

27、he boy deserved beating. 这个孩子该打。一.何时使用被动语态英语中，大多数情况下用主动语态比较简练、有力。但是，被动语态也有其特殊的用途，它也是表达思想、描述事物的需要。人们通常在下列情况下使用被动语态:。1.不知道或不必说出动作的执行者时使用被动语态例句How is this word pronounced?这个单词怎么发音?Scientists say that work is done whenever a force moves.科学家们说，力移动时就做了功。After war,everything had been destroyed.战争结束后，一切都被毁坏

28、了。A greater number of magic English books will be published next year.明年将有更多的魔法英语书出版。2.强调动作的承受者时使用被动语态例句If you break the school rules，you will be punished.如果你违反校规，你将受到惩罚。A new Hope School will be opened in our village.我们家乡将开办一所新的希望学校。She is liked by everybody.大家都喜欢她。Xiao Li was elected monitor of th

29、e class.小李被选为班长。3.当动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时使用被动语态例句The bridge was washed away by the flood.桥被洪水冲走了。We were shocked by the news of his death.我们听到他的死讯极为震惊。Many accidents were caused by careless driving.许多事故都是开车不小心造成的。4.修辞的需要，使用被动语态可以使句子更加简练、匀称例句He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audien

30、ce.他出现在舞台上，受到了观众的热烈鼓掌。The old professor gave a lecture on American history and was well received.这位老教授作了一个有关美国历史的讲座，受到大家的热烈欢迎。I was shown round the school campus by Sean，who had entered the school just a year before.肖恩带我参观了校园，他去年刚进这所学校。5.为了表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作执行者或说话者自己时使用被动语态例句Youve been told many times n

31、ot to make the same mistake.你已被多次告知不要犯同样的错误。Everybody is expected to obey the following rules.希望大家遵守以下规定。The control room may not be entered without permission.非经许可，勿人控制室。6.科技文献中为了客观地描述事情及其过程时应使用被动语态例句The film is coated with light-sensitive chemicals, which are changed by the different shades and colours of light.胶卷上涂了一层感光的化学物质，这些物质因光的不同色度与颜色而改变。7.在新闻报道中使用被动语态可以体现新闻的客观性例句The w