中考英语专项训练之完形填空.docx

1、中考英语专项训练之完形填空温馨提醒：Action speak louder than words.行动胜于言语！中考专题一 完形填空一、解题步骤1重视首句，把握开篇完形填空所给的文章，首句一般不设空，是一个完整的句子。在记叙文中，首句往往给出故事的人物、时间、地点、起因等，可以由给出的这些信息设想出文章所展示的语境。而在说明文、议论文中，首句往往给出的就是文章的主题句或是交待与主题相关的一些背景知识，这些知识限定了文章的主题范围，同学们在阅读时应有一个好的逻辑思维起点，抓住并理解主题句有助于把握全文大意，理顺思路，有利于顺利地理解和解题。2综观全文，把握大意“完形”须先”完义”。准确理解全文是

2、做好完形填空题的关键。题中的大部分答案都须通过透彻理解文章内容和正确区分选项的词语意思来确定，只有少数答案是可以单纯地通过语法知识来确定的。因此，在解题时不要一拿到题就一个空格一个空格地填入答案，而要认真仔细地把全文读一遍，了解整篇的大意，从文中的主线来建立解题的思路。3、阅读思酌，精选试填在了解全文大意的基础上开始解题。此时要再阅读原文，不要急于挑选答案，要注意四个选项的要求，区别空格中所缺的是什么语法成分，或是检查词义或词的搭配。依靠自己掌握的英语语言知识，根据文章中的词义、语法、词的搭配或逻辑的需要来作出合理推断。（1）剖析结构，对比推理在填空格时，有时可从剖析句子结构着手，分清句子的成

3、分和句型，判断空格中所缺的词性、时态、语态和性质、数等的不同要求，然后再从选项里做出推理和决定。（2）瞻前顾后，寻觅启示中考完形填空主要测试的是实词，又以动词、名词占据大多数。近年来以考词语辨析和逻辑推理为主。所以要做好本题答案，要反复阅读文章，瞻前顾后，善于从字里行间寻找内容上的逻辑关系，理清纹理脉络。要结合上下句，了解相互间的关系。形成整体观念，透彻地理解空格中所要求的词。如果我们仅从个别句子本身考虑，在语法和意思上正确的答案可能有几个。只有结合前后句子，分析判断，区别选择项，排除干扰项，才能选出正确答案或是最佳答案。要善于抓关联词语，前后搭配。如but, in fact, while表示

4、转折；and, as well as, besides 等表示并列；so, therefore, as a result等表示因果。识别这些词的功能，有助于抓住文章的脉络，进行理解和延续。（3）根据常识，联想推断在解题过程中，我们还须根据生活常识、共同的经历、风俗习惯、英美概况和科技知识来理解短文，进行推断，从而找到正确答案。所以，平时我们一定要注意各方面知识的积累。（4）暂缓定词，以易助难在解题过程中，一旦遇上一时难以确定的答案，可以暂时先搁一下，先做后面的空格。实际上，有的空格只有确定了后面的某个或某几个答案后，才能确定原来那个空格的确切答案。有的前后答案是相互呼应、相互依存的。因此，有时

5、在确定后面的答案后，会突然想到前面的某个答案选得不妥，于是再作修改。在填完大部分空格后，全文的意思已基本显露而趋于完整时，剩下的个别较难的空格也就容易做了。（5）排除干扰，仔细鉴别在填空格时，有时采用上述方法仍无法确定，可采用逐一排除干扰项的方法。首先，去除在语法上和内容上有明显错误或不合要求的选项，然后再对剩下的选项或词语正确而语法上不恰当的选项，就需要仔细鉴别，把它们逐一填入空格，通过上下文进行比较，选出最佳答案。4重读全文，校核答案在填完全部空格后，应该将全文仔细通读一遍，从全篇的高度来审视一切，看全文的意思是否融会贯通，各段之间、前后之间的内在逻辑关系是否一致。再检查一下前后的人称、时

6、态、主谓关系、语态、语气以及词的搭配等是否正确。如有疑问，再阅读上下文以致全文，仔细斟酌，修改不合理的部分，以防止因逐句选择造成的片面性错误，从而进一步提高答题的正确率。（一） 从上下文及全篇理解的角度考虑解题示例分析： (1)An eleven-year-old boy in a small town wanted to become a train driver. But the boy was born without 1 . His father taught him to 2 his feet as hands.( B )1. A. feet B. arms C. legs D. e

7、ars( C )2. A. lift B. look C. use D. think (2)The younger members of most American families dont like foreign food. They like hamburgers. Their idea of a 1 meal is a hamburger, served with ketchup and French fried potatoes, which are 2 French fries. French fries are not considered foreign; most Amer

8、ican children and teenagers 3 to eat them anytime of the day or night.( B ) 1. A. bad B. good C. expensive D. cheap( A ) 2. A. called B. cooked C. made D. invented( C ) 3. A. hate B. start C. love D. enjoy（二）从上下文语境，辨析词语、词义(1) When he was near the town, a worker caught up with the train and stopped i

9、t. At first he was very 1 , but he laughed when the boy said, I like 2 . Well, Im glad you dont like planes!( C ) 1. A. happy B. glad C. angry D. hungry( D ) 2. A. buses B. bikes C. planes D. trains(2) Im very sorry. I borrowed a book ten days ago. But I cant 1 it. I think Ive lost it.( D ) 1. A. se

10、e B. look C. look for D. find（三）从搭配、惯用法及常识的角度考虑(1) He couldnt go to school, so he 3 all his time watching trains 4 and going because he lived near the station. How he wanted to 5 a train driver!( D )3. A. cost B. paid C. took D. spent( A )4. A. coming B. running C. flying D. walking( D )5. A. am B.

11、is C. are D. be(2)Our school has a big library. There are many 1 in it.( D )1. A kind of book B. kind of booksC. kinds of book D. kinds of books二、 实例点拨请根据下面短文内容，在短文后面的四个选项中选择一个能填入空白处的最佳答案。Every year students in many countries learn English. Some of these students are children, _1_ students are young

12、 people. Why do all these people want to learn_2_? It is not _3_to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school. It is one of their _4_. Many people learn English because it is_5_in their work. Some young people learn English_6_their higher studies because some of their books ar

13、e_7_English. Other people learn English because they want to _8_newspapers in English. Some people learn English because they want to _9_ in the USA, England or Australia. English is very_10_in our life.1. A. all B. the other C. both D. other2. A. English B. Chinese C. maths D. Japanese3. A. hard B.

14、 easy C. good D. nice4. A. books B. classes C. schools D. subjects 5. A. good B. useful C. fine D. pleased6. A. for B. of C. to D. from7. A. in B. with C. at D. of8. A. look B. see C. look at D. read9. A. go B. work C. like D. come10. A. help B. helping C. helps D. helpful答题分三步：第一步： 通览全文通过通览全文，便知本文讲

15、述许多人学习英语。学习英语的人年龄不同，目的各异。第二步： 逐项填空本着先易后难的原则，先根据上下文和自己的语感，推测部分空格的可能答案。然后，再结合选项逐一敲定。1. 选B。some.other(s).意思是一些.另一些(泛指)； some.the other(s).意思是一些.另一些(特指)。由语境可知，在学英语的学生中，除一部分是孩子外，剩余的是青年人(特指)。2. 选A。根据上下文可知是English。3. 选B。由文章内容来看，人们学习英语的原因多种多样，因此回答为什么那么多人学习英语这个问题并不容易。4. 选D。由常识可知，English是学生学习的科目(subject)之一。5.

16、 选B。根据前后文意可知许多人学习英语，那是因为English在他们的工作中很有用(useful)。6. 选A。本题属于介词用法辨析。介词for在此可表示目的、原因。7. 选A。in English是习惯搭配。8. 选D。读报英语习惯说readnewspapers。9. 选B。根据语境及句子结构，有些人学习英语或想出国(go to a country)或想在这些国家工作(work in a country)。10. 选D。末句点题，英语在我们生活中是很有帮助的(helpful)。第三步： 复读检验将所有答案代入空格后，重新将短文复读一遍，如果语句通顺，语意清楚，便结束本题，转做其它试题。最后须

17、提醒大家一点，做好完形填空题并非一日之功。我们应从平日学习中做起，多积累，勤学苦练，方可成功！Have a greater success in the future！三、专项训练（1）根据文意，补全所缺单词，词首字母已给出。Overhead bridges can be seen in many parts of Singapore，in the places where traffic is very h _ and crossing the road is not safeThese bridges can help people cross roads s _ Overhead bri

18、dges are used in very much the same way as zebra crossings（斑马线）They are more efficient（效率高的），t _ less convenient（方便的）because people have to climb up a lot of stepsThis is inconvenient to the oldWhen people u _ an overhead bridge，they do not hold up（阻挡） trafficBut when they cross a busy road using a

19、zebra crossing，traffic is held upThis is w _ the government（政府）has built many overhead bridges to help people and k _ traffic moving at the same timeThe government of Singapore has s _ a lot of money building these bridgesFor their own safety，people should be advised to use them instead of rushing a

20、cross the roadOld people may find it a little d _ climbing up and down the steps，but it is still much safer than walking across the road w _ all the moving trafficOverhead bridges are very usefulPeople， both old and young，should always use them This will stop accidents from h _ Key:1Heavy 2safely（作状

21、语应用副词形式）3though（此处表让步关系，意为虽然）4Use 5why（此处表达这就是.的原因）6keep7spent（spend time money in on doing sth意为花时间金钱做某事，其中in常省略）8Difficult 9with10happening（stopfrom doing）意为阻止防止.去做某事）（2）The population problem may be the 1 one of the world today. The worlds population is growing 2Two thousand years ago, there were

22、 only 250 million people 3 the earth Four hundred years ago, the number was 4 500 million But at the beginning of the 5 century, the worlds population was about 1,700 millionIn 1970, this number was 3,600 million In 1990, the number was five billion A 6 report says that the world population will 7 s

23、ix billion by the end of the 20th century This is just ten 8 fter it 9 five billion.People say that by the year 2010, 1 0 may be seven billion1Agreat Bgreater Cgreatest Dgreating2Afaster and faster Bfast and fast Cfastest and fastest Dfaster and fast3Ain Bon Cat Dfor4Anearly Bmore Calmost Dover5Atwe

24、nty Btwelve Ctwentieth Dtwelfth6AUSA BUN CPRC DPLA7Apast Bpass Cpassed Dpasses8Aweeks Bmonths Cseasons Dyears9Aget Bgets Creached Dreach10Athis Bits Cone DitKEY: 1C 2A 3B 4D 5C 6B 7B 8D 9C 10D（3）Fire can help people in many ways. But it can also be very harmful (有害的). Fire can keep your house _1_, g

25、ive light and cook food. But fire can burn things _2_. Big fire can burn, trees, houses, animals or people.Nobody knows how people began to use fire. But there are _3_. interesting old stories about how a man or woman started a fire. One is _4_ a man. The man _5_ a very long time ago. He went up the

26、 sun and _6_ fire down.Today people know how to make a fire with matches(火柴). Children sometimes _7_ to play with them. But matches can be very dangerous. One match can burn a piece of paper. and _8_ it could burn a house. A small fire can turn a big fire. very quickly. So you _9_ be careful with ma

27、tches.Be careful with fire, and it will _10_ you. But if you arent careful with fire. and it may hurt you.1. A. warm B. warmer C. cool D. cooler2. A. also B. too C. either D. neither3. A. many B. much C. little D. no4. A. over B. about C. a little D. no5. A. worked B. studied C. learned D. lived6. A

28、. bring B. take C. brought D. took7. A. enjoy B. like C. dont like D. become8. A. after B. late C. yet D. then9. A. can B. man C. will D. must10. A. help B. do C. tell D. hopeKey: 1C 2C 3D 4C 5A 6B 7D 8A 9B 10D（4）English names and Chinese names are quite different in some 1 ways, but its not hard fo

29、r us to knowUnlike Chinese, most English people have 2 names One is their family name, both of the other names are given names Their family name is 3 the given name They use Mr, Mrs or Miss with the 4 name, but they never use 5 with the first name For example, we can 6 a man named James Allan Green

30、Mr Green, 7 we cant call him Mr James or Mr Allan People usually use Jim 8 James Jim is short for James because its 9 to rememberBut Chinese names are the opposite A girl with the name Han Limei 10 her family name Han first Of course, she can be called Ah Mei for short in China if you wish1Aanother Bother Cothers Dthe others2Aone Btwo Cthree Dfour3Aabove Bfront Cback Dbehind4Alast Bgiven Cmiddle Dfull5Atheir Bthem Cits Dit6Aask Bsay Ccall Dwrite7As