新教材人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册Unit5 First Aid单词短语语法写作等知识点汇总.docx

1、新教材人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册Unit5 First Aid单词短语语法写作等知识点汇总Unit 5 First Aid原文呈现FIRST AID FOR BURNSThe skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ.Your skin acts as a barrier against disease，toxins，and the suns rays.It also helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from losing to

2、o much water，warns you when things are too hot or cold(1)，and gives you your sense of touch.As you can imagine(2)，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.(1)when引导时间状语从句。(2)as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面主句的内容。CAUSES OF BURNSY

3、ou can get burnt by a variety of things：hot liquids，steam，fire，radiation，the sun，electricity，acids，or other chemicals.TYPES OF BURNSBurns are divided into three types，depending on the depth of skin damage(3)(3)现在分词短语作方式状语。Firstdegree burns These affect only the top few millimetres of the skin. These

4、 burns are not serious.Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents(4)(4)过去分词短语作名词burns的后置定语。Seconddegree burns These go below the top layer of the skin.They are serious and take a few weeks to get better.Examples include burns caused by hot liquids(5)(5)过去分词短语作名

5、词burns的后置定语。Thirddegree burns These affect every layer of the skin，and sometimes the tissue under it.Examples include burns caused by electric shocks，burning clothes，or petrol fires.These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once(6)(6)and连接表示顺承关系的并列句。CH

6、ARACTERISTICS OF BURNSFirstdegree burnsdry，red and mildly swollenmildly painfulturn white when pressed(7)(7)when pressed为时间状语从句when they are pressed的省略形式。Seconddegree burnsred and swollen；blisters；watery surfaceextremely painfulThirddegree burnsblack and whiteswollen；the tissue underneath can often

7、be seenlittle or no pain if nerves are damaged(8)；may be painful around the edges of the burn(8)if引导条件状语从句。FIRSTAID TREATMENT1Place burns under cool running water，especially within the first ten minutes.The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling.2Dry the burnt area ge

8、ntly with a clean cloth.3Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary，unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin(9)(9)unless引导条件状语从句。4Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea，as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infecti

9、on(10)(10)动名词短语Applying.injured areas作主语，as引导原因状语从句。5If burns are on the face，make sure the victim can still breathe(11)(11)if引导条件状语从句，make sure后是省略了that的宾语从句。6If the victim is suffering from second or thirddegree burns(12)，there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.(12)if引导条件状语

10、从句。an essential part of的重要组成部分act as充当against disease抵御疾病the suns rays阳光prevent.from.阻止；防止sense of touch触觉get burnt烧伤lead to导致give first aid进行急救a variety of各种各样的radiation n辐射；放射线acid n酸adj.酸的；酸性的be divided into被分为depend on根据；随而定the top few millimetres of skin皮肤表面几毫米mild sunburn轻微的晒伤minor household i

11、ncidents轻微的家庭事故below the top layer表层以下take time to do sth.花费时间做某事electric shock触电；电击severe internal injury严重的内伤victim n受害者；患者mildly swollen微肿mildly painful微痛watery surface表层渗液extremely painful极其疼痛the tissue underneath皮下组织around the edges of the burn在创面四周running water自来水；流水stop the burning process阻止烧

12、伤的进程reduce the pain减轻疼痛if necessary如果有必要的话stick to粘住cover.with.用覆盖a loose clean cloth一块宽松的干净布apply.to把涂到cause infection引起感染make sure确保suffer from患(某种病)；受(某种病痛)折磨an urgent need迫切需要at once立即译文参考烧伤急救皮肤是人体的重要组成部分，也是人体最大的器官。你的皮肤是抵御疾病、毒素和阳光的屏障。它还有助于控制体温，防止身体失去太多的水分，当东西太热或太冷时，给你警告，并使你有触觉。正如你想象的那样，烧伤会导致非常严重

13、的伤害。治疗烧伤的第一步也是最重要的一步是进行急救。烧伤的原因你会被各种各样的东西灼伤：热的液体、蒸汽、火、辐射、太阳、电、酸或其他化学物质。烧伤的种类根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤或烫伤可分为三种类型。一度烧伤：只影响皮肤表面几毫米。这些烧伤不严重。例如轻微的晒伤和其他轻微的家庭事故造成的灼伤。二度烧伤：位于皮肤表层以下。它们是严重的，需要几个星期才能好起来。例如由灼热的液体引起的烫伤。三度烧伤：会影响皮肤的每一层，有时还会影响到皮下组织。例如由电击、衣服燃烧或汽油火灾引起的烧伤。这些烧伤会造成非常严重的内伤，患者必须马上去医院。燃烧的特点一度烧伤干燥、发红、微肿微痛受压时变白二度烧伤发红、肿胀、

14、起水泡、表层渗液极其疼痛三度烧伤黑白相间肿胀；通常可看到皮下组织若损害了神经，则没有疼痛或轻微疼痛，在创面四周有疼感急救处理1把烧伤的部位放在自来水下冲洗，特别是在开始的十分钟内。凉水可以阻止烧伤的进程，减轻疼痛和肿胀。2用干净的布轻轻擦干烧伤的地方。3如果有必要的话，用剪刀剪掉衣服，除非你看到布料粘在烧焦的皮肤上。4用一块宽松的干净布覆盖烧伤区域。在烧伤的地方涂油是不明智的，因为它会使里面的热散不出去，并可能导致感染。5如果是面部烧伤，确保患者还能呼吸。6如果患者属于二度或三度烧伤，就需要立即送他/她去医院。1radiate vt.辐射出(光、热等) radiation n辐射；放射线2me

15、tre n米millimetre n. 毫米；千分之一米3minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的minority n少数；少数民族4urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的urgency n紧迫；急迫；急事5loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的loosely adv.松弛地；零散地1acid n酸 adj.酸的；酸性的；尖刻的Everyone doesnt like to hear the acid remarks. adj.尖刻的This chemical acts as a part of an acid in our experiment. n.酸Cars cause po

16、llution，both smog and acid rain. adj.酸的；酸性的2minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的 n未成年人；辅修科目He had three minors this semester. n.辅修科目This is a very minor operation and there is very little risk involved. adj.较小的The law forbids shops to sell alcohol to minors. n.未成年人Words and Phrasestechnique n技能；技术；技艺(教材P50)What fi

17、rstaid techniques do you know of? 你知道哪些急救技巧？例1The new technique works better than the one it has replaced.这项新技术比之前的效果要好。例2She needs to work on her interview technique if shes going to get a job.如果她想找到工作，就需要在面试技巧上下功夫。知识拓展have a technique for有的技术technique in 方面的技术sense of touch触觉(教材P50)It also helps c

18、ontrol your body temperature，prevents your body from losing too much water，warns you when things are too hot or cold，and gives you your sense of touch.你的皮肤是抵御疾病、毒素和阳光的屏障。它还有助于控制体温，防止身体失去太多的水分，当东西太热或太冷时，给你警告，并使你有触觉。例1His sense of touch gradually took the place of sight. 他的触觉逐步代替了视觉。例2Newly developed

19、robots have a sense of touch and are able to see and make decisions. 新开发的机器人有触觉，可以看见物体，还能做决定。知识拓展sense of responsibility/duty 责任感，责任心 sense of humor 幽默感，幽默 sense of belonging 归宿感，归属感 sense of smell 嗅觉 sense of beauty 美感；审美感 sense of direction 方向感minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的(教材P50)Examples include mild sunb

20、urn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.例如轻微的晒伤和其他轻微的家庭事故造成的灼伤。例1Thats a relatively minor matter.We can leave it till later.相对来说那是件小事。我们可以把它留到以后解决。例2Even minor head injuries can cause longlasting psychological effects. 即使是轻微的头部创伤也会对心理产生长期影响。知识拓展(1)a minor matter 小事a minor party 少数党(2

21、)minority n U，C少数民族；少数a/the minority of 少数的be in the/a minority 占少数loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的(教材P51)Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.用一块宽松的干净布覆盖烧伤区域。例1She is wearing a loose dress.她穿着一件宽松的连衣裙。例2His logic is too loose to make much sense.他的推理太不严密，没什么道理。知识拓展at a loose end 无所事事；无事可做break loose f

22、rom 摆脱，挣脱have (got) a loose tongue 说话没遮拦on the loose 在逃；不受约束urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的(教材P51)If the victim is suffering from second or thirddegree burns，there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.如果患者属于二度或三度烧伤，就需要立即送他/她去医院。例1Can you come to the phoneit sounds urgent.你能来接个电话吗听起来挺紧急的。

23、例2Dont forget that one，its rather urgent.别把那件事情忘了，情况相当紧急。知识拓展(1)an urgent problem 急迫的问题be urgent for sb. to do sth. 急切地催促某人做某事It is most urgent that. 很紧急(2)urgently adv. 紧急地，急迫地ease vi.& vt. (使)宽慰；减轻；缓解n.容易；舒适；自在(教材P51)Putting butter or oil on burns helps because it may reduce swelling and ease disc

24、omfort.在烧伤的地方涂上黄油或油会有帮助，因为它可以减少肿胀和缓解不适。例1A smile is a sign that you are happy，which helps put people at ease.微笑表示你感到高兴，它能使人感到自在。例2My parents are retired and now live a life of ease.我的父母都退休了，现在过着安逸舒适的生活。知识拓展(1)take ones ease 使某人放松一下at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在put sb. at ease 使某人感到轻松自在； 使某人安心feel/look at ease 感

25、到/看上去心情放松with ease 容易地；毫不费劲地(2)ease sb. of sth. 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)panic vi.& vt.(使)惊慌 n惊恐；恐慌(教材P55)Listen carefully and dont panic.仔细听，不要惊慌。例1I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.我感到非常紧张，不得不强迫自己不要惊慌。例2There was a panic when the building caught fire.大楼起火时，人们一片惊慌。知识拓展(1)panic over/at 因而

26、恐慌；对感到惊慌失措panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人惊慌地做某事(2)get into a panic 陷入恐慌(动作)be in a panic 陷入恐慌(状态)(教材P56)Chen Wei，a high school student in Beijing，had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table.陈伟是北京的一名高中生，当他听到另一张桌子上有人在尖叫时，他的晚餐被打断了。(1)interrupt vi.& vt.打断；打扰 vt.使暂停；使中断例1I

27、m sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here?对不起，打断你一下，但他们怎么会住在这儿呢？例2It is not polite to interrupt others when they are talking.在别人讲话时打断他是不礼貌的。知识拓展(1)interrupt sb./sth. (with sth.) (因某事)打断某人/某事be interrupted by 被打断(2)interruption n. 打扰；插嘴；打岔；阻断物without interruption 连续地；不断地 (2)scream vi.& vt

28、.(因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊；大声叫 n尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音例1People were staggering about，screaming with pain.人们跌跌撞撞地四处乱跑，痛苦地尖叫着。例2People ran for the exits，screaming out in terror.人们奔向出口，恐惧地尖叫着。知识拓展scream at 朝尖叫scream for 为而喊叫scream out 尖声喊出；尖叫着desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的(教材P56)He was now holding his throat with his face turnin

29、g red，while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back.现在他正掐着自己的喉咙，红着脸，而他绝望的朋友们在拍打着他的背。例1They made a desperate attempt to save the company.他们为挽救公司作孤注一掷的努力。例2They are desperate to escape.他们急于想逃跑。知识拓展(1)be desperate about 对绝望be desperate for 极想要be desperate to do. 渴望做(2)desperately adv. 绝望地；不

30、顾一切地；拼命地justify vt.证明有道理；为辩护；是的正当理由(教材P56)How could I justify sitting there and doing nothing?我有什么理由坐在那儿什么都不做呢？例1He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses.他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。例2How can you justify spending so much money？你怎么才能对花掉这么多钱做出令人满意的解释呢？知识拓展justify (doing) sth. 证明正当justify.to 向证明合理justify oneself in