高考英语有动词提示的短文语法填空解题技巧讲解.docx

1、高考英语有动词提示的短文语法填空解题技巧讲解2018高考英语：有动词提示的短文语法填空解题技巧讲解和选编题附解析高考英语语法填空*有提示词的解题技巧括号内提供的是动词首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后根据以下两点进行思考。若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态。如：Actually I believed I would work for a few years，get _(marry)，stay home and raise a family，so I didnt think the j

2、ob I took mattered that much.这个小题主要考查单句层次上的语法结构。该题的关键是判断宾语从句中有4个谓语动词，在从句中作并列谓语。I believed I would work for a few years.I would get _(marry).I would stay home.I would raise a family.答案married很清楚，get married在句子中与I would构成“主系表”结构。get married强调一种已婚的状态，相当于be married。如果没有get在前面，只能填入marry作谓语。显然语言的形式要结合上下文语

3、境综合考虑，才能符合交际的需要。若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词；若是非谓语动词就要确定是v.ing形式，ed形式，还是不定式。确定的方法主要有：作主语或宾语，通常用v.ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。如：.but it is not enough only _(memorize)rules from a grammar book.答案memorizing分析这个句子的成分可知，应该是memorizing.作真正的主语，前面的it是形式主语。作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词(v.ing)；若是被动关系，用过去分词(don

4、e)。如：_(see)from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.答案Seen从句中“is”可判断句中已有谓语了，表明句子不缺谓语，可知所给提示词“see”在句中应该是不作谓语的动词形式，即非谓语动词形式；此时就可以利用三个步骤来分析决定用哪一种非谓语形式了：第一，“see”的逻辑主语就是句子的主语“the south foot of the mountain”；第二，“the south foot of the mountain”和“see”之间是被动关系；第三，动词的过去分词表示被动关

5、系，因此应填“Seen”。It rained heavily in the south，_(cause) serious flooding in several provinces.答案causing从句中“rained”可判定句子已有谓语了，说明所给提示词“cause”在句中作非谓语，“cause”与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，即“大雨导致洪涝”；现在分词表示主动关系，因此应填“causing”，作结果状语。优秀选编题A(2016山东日照市高三第一次模拟考试)For many young people，going to university is one of the most importan

6、t _1_(stage)of their lives.It is the time when young people will move out of _2_(they)home to live with other people，often strangers._3_(especial)in the US，people often travel very far _4_ home to study.It is a time to be _5_(independence)At university，you will _6_(teach)by lectures and professors w

7、ho are leading figures in their study.The opportunity to learn from and to discuss with them is _7_ drives some people to apply to university.Students are required to choose a major that they wish to study.Apart from the _8_(academy)benefit，life at university also can allow students _9_(develop)thei

8、r interests in many fields.Therefore，university is a place _10_ you attain knowledge，to develop your values and to accept those who may be different.1stages考查名词。在英语中one of后要加可数名词的复数，故用stages。2. their考查代词。由于空格后是名词home，故根据句意其前面要用一个形容词性物主代词，故用their。3Especially考查副词。分析句子结构和句中的成分，可知此处要用一个副词来修饰整个句子的内容，故填Es

9、pecially。 4from考查介词。在英语中，far from是固定搭配，意思是：远离。5independent考查形容词。根据句意，可知此处要用一个形容词作表语表示状态，故填independent。6be taught考查动词语态。根据句意，由于主语是you，与teach之间是被动关系，而在空格前是助动词will，故用be taught。7what考查名词性从句。分析句子结构，可知这是一个表语从句，从句中缺少主语，根据句意可知要填what。 8academic考查形容词。由于空格后的benefit是一个名词，故其前面要用一个形容词修饰它，故填academic。9to develop考查动

10、词不定式。在英语中，allow sb to do sth是固定搭配，意思是“允许某人做某事”。10where考查定语从句。分析句子结构，可知这是一个定语从句，从句中的主干成分没有残缺，由于先行词是表地点的place，要填关系副词where。B (2016山西省四校联考)What defines a healthy city? Is it a place with a lot of open spaces _1_ people can exercise and enjoy the fresh air? A place with little or no pollution? A place in

11、 which people can _2_ (free) socialize and express their ideas? Perhaps, its all that plus more. Other considerations are the availability of health and fitness facilities, an excellent healthcare program and sincere efforts by _3_ local government to actively promote health and wellness among its c

12、itizens. Of all the cities in the world, one of the top six _4_ (healthy) cities is Copenhagen, Denmark.Copenhageners love to walk. Foot traffic accounts _5_ 80% of all traffic in the Copenhagen city center. Those who prefer it can also bike. It is estimated that more than a third of all work trips

13、in Copenhagen _6_ (carry) out on a bike. As for the climate here, the city does not have the blessing of pleasant weather all year round. _7_ everything starts to freeze, it turns several city squares into huge skating fields. The frozen parts of the city also make _8_ easier for residents to skate

14、around. The city also has museums and art galleries for the kids and _9_ (grownup). It has the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts and the Royal Library housed in a rather grand building _10_ (call) the Black Diamond.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._【参考答案】语法填空语篇解读：本文讲述了世界上最健康的六大城市之一哥本哈根。1where分析句子结构可知，空处引导

15、定语从句，先行词为open spaces，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。2freely修饰动词短语“socialize and express their ideas”，应用副词freely。3the根据语境可知，此处表特指。4healthiest此处表示“最健康的六大城市之一”，应用形容词最高级。5for步行占交通总量的80%。account for“占(一定数量或比例)”，是固定短语。6are carriedwork trips与carry out之间存在动宾关系，空处应用被动语态；根据文章的整体时态可知，空处应用一般现在时；由“a third of all wor

16、k trips”可知，空处应填are carried。7When/As当开始上冻的时候，一些城市广场就变成了巨大的溜冰场。When/As“当时候”，引导时间状语从句。8it本处it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是to skate around。9grownups 本处and连接两个并列的名词kids和grownups。10calledcall与被修饰的名词building之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。C(2016湖北省八校高三第一次联考)China will allow all couples to have two children，_1_(give) up its decadeslong o

17、nechild policy，the Communist Party of China (CPC) _2_(announce) after a key meeting on Thursday.The change of policy is intended to balance population development and meet the challenge of an aging population，according to a communique (公报) _3_(issue) after the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Commu

18、nist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee held from Monday to Thursday.The proposal must be approved by the top legislature (立法机关) _4_ it comes into force.Chinas family planning policy was first introduced in the late 1970s _5_(control) the rapid _6_(grow) of the population by limiting most urban

19、couples _7_ one child，and as to rural couples，they can have two children on condition that their firstborn child was a girl.The policy was later relaxed.Parents _8_ were both only children in their family could have _9_ second child.The onechild policy was _10_(far) loosened in November 2013 after t

20、he Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee，and couples are allowed to have two children if one of them is an only child.【语篇导读】本文讲述了中国的二孩政策。1giving考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，give与句子主语China之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填giving。2announced考查时态。根据时间状语on Thursday可知，本处应用一般过去时。3issued考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，issue与commu

21、nique之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词issued作定语。4before考查连词。提议在生效之前必须得到最高立法机关的批准。before“在之前”。5to control考查非谓语动词。中国于20世纪70年代晚期开始实施计划生育政策以控制急剧增长的人口。本处应用动词不定式作目的状语。6growth考查名词。此处表示控制急剧增长的人口，应用名词作宾语，故填growth。7to考查介词。limit.to.“限定到”是固定搭配。8who/that考查定语从句。夫妇双方均为独生子女的，还可以再生一个孩子。本处先行词为Parents，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用who/that。9a考查冠词。序数词前

22、用不定冠词，意为“再，又”。10further考查副词的比较级。根据句意“一孩政策进一步放松”可知，本处应用比较级；由于本处不是表距离，而是表事物的程度，故用further。D(2016辽宁省部分重点高中协作校联考)There is good and bad news about the number of trees on our planet. The good news is _1_ there are seven times more trees than we _2_ (think). A few years ago, scientists estimated the world h

23、ad 400 billion trees, but a new study makes a _3_ (calculate) that there are around three trillion trees. Thats a three _4_ (follow) by 12 zeroes. But Dr Thomas Crowther told the BBC that this new number is unable _5_ (change) anything.What is the bad news? Thousands of years ago, the earth had arou

24、nd six trillion trees. Human activity has cut the number of trees on the planet _6_ half. A good example of this is _7_ fact that Europe used to be one of the giant forests. Dr Crowther said people are _8_ (responsibility) for the loss of three trillion trees. Another 15 billion trees are lost each

25、year because of deforestation (毁林) and farmland. The scientists said this figure is “_9_ (extreme) higher” than a century ago. Dr Crowther added, “This study highlights how much more effort _10_ (need) if we are to restore healthy forests worldwide.”1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._【参考答案】语法填空语篇解读：本文是一篇说明

26、文。文中介绍了地球上树木的现有量。1that分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句成分和句意完整，故用that。2thought这里说的是“比我们原本以为的”，故要用一般过去时。3calculation根据空前的“a”可知此处要用名词形式。4followedfollow与three之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。5to changebe (un)able to do sth.意为“(不)能做某事”，是常用表达。6inin half意为“减半”。7the根据语境可知，此处应该用定冠词the特指fact。8responsible根据语境可知，此处指人们应该为树木的减少负责。be r

27、esponsible for“对负责”是固定搭配，故填responsible。9extremely根据句意及句子结构可知，空格处修饰形容词higher，应用副词形式。10is needed/will be needed这项研究表明，如果要在世界范围内恢复健康的森林，那我们需要再做多少努力。主句主语effort与need之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。“how much more effort”的谓语应用单数，故应填is needed。此处也可理解为表示将来要发生的动作，故主句可用一般将来时。E(2016湖北市教科研协作体高三联合考试)Talking is the most effective a

28、nd satisfying way of communication with others.There are many forms of communication，_1_ include: texting，cell phones，email，and social media._2_(use) these alternative forms to communicate with others may be faster，_3_ it lacks many qualities that a facetoface conversation _4_(possess)Facial express

29、ion and body language can _5_(great) affect a conversation.They can be used to give a person some information about what the other person _6_(think) and feeling.Facial expression can _7_(apply) to video chatting，but body language can only be found in a facetoface conversation.Talking in person can h

30、ave physical _8_(feature)Giving someone a hug and holding their hand _9_(comfort) them can only be done in person.When you are talking to someone by texting or instant messaging them，physical touch does not exist at all，which can limit the connection _10_ the people in the communication.【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了影响人们交流的两种主要方式，即面部表情和肢体语言。1which考查定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。2Using考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知， use在句中作主语，故用动名词形式。3but考查连词。前后语义为转折关系，故用but。4possesses考查主谓一致。此处为that引导的定语从句，a facetoface conversation作主语为单数故谓语用possesses。5greatly考查副词。修饰动词affect要用副词。6is thinking考查动词时态。think 和从句主语t