介词及介词短语复习.docx

1、介词及介词短语复习常见介词种类：1、表示时间的at, in, on：at表示片刻的时间，如：at 8 oclock ，常用词组有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year等。in表示一段的时间，如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in t

2、he future等。on总是跟日子有关，on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning等。2、表示时间的since和from：since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.3、表示时间的in和after：两者

3、都表示“在（某个时间）之后，区别在于in表示“在（一段时间）之后”，而after则表示“在（某一具体时间点之后）”，in短语和将来时态连用，after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如：Well be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation? 注意：after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后（常用在过去时里）。如：After two months he returned.4、表示地理位置的in, on, to：in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某

4、环境范围之外。如：Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China.5、表示“在上”的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。 如：There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.6、表示“穿过”的through和acros

5、s：through表示从内部通过，与in 有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关。如： Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street. 7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on the corner表示“在角上”，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner指“在拐角处”，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如：The lamp stands i

6、n the corner of the room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table.8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of：in the end作“最后”、“终于”解，可单独使用，后不接介词of；at the end of 表示“在末梢”，“到尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用；by the end of 作“在结束时”，“到末为止”解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。如：In the end they reached a

7、place of safety./ At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.9、表示“关于”的about 和on：两者都有“关于”的意思，不过前者为一般用词，而后者为较正式的“论述”。如：He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a

8、book on science.10、between, among：一般说来，between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如：You are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间接关系，适用于between。如：Agreements were made between the different countries. 在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时用between。如：The l

9、ittle valley lies between high mountains.。在谈事物间的差别时，总是用between。如：They dont know the difference between wheat, oats and barley.11、besides, except, but, except for：besides指“除了还有，再加上”。如：All went out besides me.；except指“除了，减去什么”，不能放在句首。如：All went out except me.；but 与except意思近似，表示“除了外”经常用在no, all, nobody

10、, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。如：I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.；except for表示“如无就，只是”表明理由细节。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.。12、表示“用”的in和with：表示工具的“用”，用with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的“用”，用in。如：He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in penci

11、l./ We measured it in pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ Tell me the story in English.13、in charge of和in the charge of：两者都表示“由谁负责、照顾、管理”。区别在于：in charge of后接被照管的人或物，而in the charge of后面则跟照管的人。如：Who is in charge of the project?/ The project is in the charge of an engineer.。14、as, like：as作“作为”、“以地

12、位或身份”解。如：Let me speak to you as a father.（事实是父亲）；like作“象一样”解。如：Let me speak to you like a father.（事实上不是父亲）。15、in front of 和in the front of：in front of = before，是“在前面”的意思（不在某物内）； in the front of则是“在前部”的意思（在某物内）。如：There is a desk in front of the blackboard./ The boy sat in the front of the car.。16、in,

13、 into：into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。如：We walked into the park.；in通常表示位置。如：We walked in the park；in和drop, fall, put, throw, break等终止性动词连用时，也可以表示动向。如：I have put the coin in (into) my pocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。【考点诠释】考点1 常见介词的活用by，with，against，over，on，in，at，besides，for等是常考的介词。掌握这些介词的用法和意义、准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。下面是近年高考考查最多的几个介词，应重点

14、掌握：1over可表位置，意为“在上方，越过；遮住，盖住”，也可表时间，意为“在期间，(多年)以来”等，它还有“在(问题)上，对(某事)”等引申意义。如：You cant wear a blue jacket over that shirtitII look terrible你不能在那件衬衣外面再穿上蓝色的夹克太难看了。We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea我们一边喝茶一边愉快地交谈。We heard it over the radio我们从广播中听到了它。2by的主要意思有“在旁，靠近；乘(车、船等)；不迟于；到为止；被，由；根据，按照(关系)；通过

15、方式”等，还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。by构成的常见短语有：by and by不久，迟早 by and large大体上by oneself单独 by the way顺便说说by far得多，最 by chance碰巧by accident偶然地 by means of借助by no means绝不，一点也不 by mistake错误地The water in the river rose by two meters河水上涨了两米。He is an Englishman by birth他在血统上是英国人。3with可以用来表示“带有，拥有；随着；就来说；用，以；和，与；对于，关于”等意思

16、。with还可用来表示原因。如：He turned red with anger他气得脸变红了。来源:Z|xx|k.ComThe problem with looking into space from the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earths air从地球上观察太空存在一个问题，就是地球的大气中有大量的尘埃。4beyond这个词同学们平时接触的机会不是太多，但它却是一个考查热点。beyond表示“(时间)过了，比晚，迟于；(位置)在那边，超出之外；(范围)超过，为所来源:Zxxk.Com不及，超出的范围”等意思。如：They

17、 arrived beyond nine oclock他们过了9：00才到。The book is beyond me这本书我看不懂。Tom is far beyond his elder brother in maths汤姆的数学比他哥哥的好多了。典例：(2010高考英语四川卷,5)Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back _ a big tree.A. in B. below C. beside D. against 考点2 介词的固定搭配-高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。1名词词组：on the

18、 contrary相反；in turn依次；in ones opinion根据某人的看法；off time准时；out of reach够不着2动词词组：remind sb of sth提醒某人某事；rob sb of sth抢劫某人的；restdt from由引起；call at访问(某地)3形容词词组：be curious about对好奇；be proud of因而自豪；be popular with受到的欢迎4介词短语：apart from除Pb；in addition to除之外(还)；because of因为；instead of代替；in fear of为提心吊胆；for fea

19、r of以免；in case of防备；thanks to由于；in the middle of在中间；according to根据；in front of在前面；in return for作为对的回报；in charge of负责；as a result of作为的结果；in exchange for与交换等典例：(2010高考英语江西卷,34)Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients _ name, not case number.A of B as C by D with【答案】C【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：如今有些医院是以姓名来查阅患者的，而不

20、是凭病例编号(去查询的)。by name按姓名考点3核心介词用法归纳与辨析1.表示时间的介词in的用法如下。表示在某一较长时间内，如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in，如：in the 1990s,in January,in(the)winterin和during表一段时间内两词可互用。如：in the night,during the night,in the war,during the war。但略有区别：当接表示“活动”的抽象名词时多用during，接“活动”的动名词及短语时用in。如：during the discussion/in discussing the problem d

21、uring her stay in Hubei/in playing basketball/during the course of/in digging the tunnel 2.在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用on。3.表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。有些时间名词前有one，each，any，every，some，all，next，last，that修饰时,不接介词。如：that day，next Sunday some day，one day4.till、until、to的用法。(1)till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂动词连用一般用在否

22、定句中。如：He waited for me till twelve oclock.He didnt get up till (until) 10 a.m.(不可用to)但注意：在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用 until 。如：Not until 9 a.m.did Mr.Smith come back to school.(2)to表“终结”时常和from连用，但要注意不与from连用时的意义。如：from July to September,from six to (till) eight(从到为止)，但from morning till night(从早到晚)，不能用to。5

23、.表示方式、手段、工具的介词来源:Zxxk.Com(1)by the year/hour/day按年/小时/天，但to the pound按磅算，to the ton按吨计。(2)表泛指的方式、手段:by post,by telephone(radio),但on the phone/on the radio/on TV(电讯器材)，by electricity，by hard work,learn sth.by heart,through the satellite,through practice,through his own efforts,through experience,thro

24、ugh the telescope(3)交通工具类。另外：by means of 用方法，by way of 经由，取道于，用方法;with the help(permission)of sb./with sb.s help(permission)“在帮助下”。(4)表方式、手段的其他用法。He beat the dog with a whip.(with+工具、机器)One smells with his nose.(with+人体器官，但by hand“手工，用手”)He stood up with pride.(with+情绪、情感、态度的名词)注意：使用语言、材料、文字等用in。如in

25、 English(ink,pencil)。另外如：in high(good,low)spirits,in anger,in joy,in comfort,in sorrow,in safety,in danger,in need,in debt,in love,in fun,in pain,in tears,in surprise, in good(poor)health,in good order,in flower,in a way,in a low voice,in silence,in(with)satisfaction,in a hurry,in(with)words,live/fe

26、ed on food,kneel on ones knee,take(catch)sb.by surprise(出其不意)6.表示“除之外”的几组常用介词比较。(1)besides “除以外，(还有)”。作副词时意思是“而且，更何况”。如：It was too late to see a film,and besides,I was tired.(2)except“除去，除之外(不再有)”。如：We all went except John.在否定句中，两词可以换用，如：He has no other hats except/besides this one.(3)except for“除了(

27、对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明)”后接名词、代词或what从句，此时与except that+句子意思相同。如：He was very clever except for carelessness.(4)except that.“除了一点以外”。如：He has not changed except that he is wearing dark glasses.(5)but和except在表示“除了以外”时可以通用，但应注意以下三点：前面有不定人词、疑问代词在意义上对称时，多用but。All but one are here.Nobody but I likes making model

28、ships.后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用but。He has nothing to do but wait.(前有do,后省to)；but与一些固定结构连用。have no choice but to do sth.只得做某事，can not but do sth.不得不,can not help but do sth.不得不，but for.如不是7.介词的省略：介词for表示时间的省略要求。(1)以all开头的名词短语，for要省略。如：I stayed with her all the morning.(2)否定句中，表示时间的短语前的for不能省略。如：I havent seen you for thirty years.(3)时间状语在主句之前，for不能省略。如：For the whole morning,the old man kept reading.8.某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配。(1)要求接to的名词有：key,answer,visit,entrance,apology,introduction,road等。(2)要求接in 的名词有：interest,satisfaction,expert等。He is expert in teaching small children.介词的用法很繁杂，要在平时注意积累。