读短文记单词详解版 first aid.docx

1、读短文记单词详解版 first aid1First Aid 急救1. aidU帮助,援助,救助 support or help C助手; 辅助物,辅助手段 sb or sth that provides help and especially makes a process easier or more effective vt. 帮助,援助 helpHe came to my aid. 他来帮助我。 He went to the aid of the hurt man. 他前去帮助那受伤的人。 We may travel with the aid of a good map. 我们可以靠着良

2、好的地图旅行。 They are in aid of our defects. 他们辅助我们的不足。 Whats this little handle in aid of? 这个小把手有什么用? A dictionary is an important aid in learning a language. 词典是学习语言的重要助手。by the aid of 借助于,通过 in aid of 以帮助 with the aid of 借助于 without the aid of 不依靠词义辨析：aid, assist, help 这组词都有“帮助”的意思,但有区别: 1.aid多指经济上或其他

3、方面急需的援助,而assist只是表示辅助性的帮助, help用法则比较广泛,它可以代替aid和assist,可以指任何形式的帮助。 2.help和aid既可用作名词,也可用作动词; assist只能用作动词。 3.help强调积极地予以实际的、精神的或物质的帮助; assist主要用于帮助别人工作、学习或研究; aid是对别人的努力加以援助,还可指不必亲自动手的帮助。 4.就对象而言, aid不仅用于个人,还多用于团体; assist多用于个人,特别是智力方面的研究。 5.help是普通用语,特别是在日常谈话中; aid和assist是比较正式的用语,在日常谈话中不常用。A boy fell

4、 ill. His organs were damaged by the radiation of an infrared ray stove. But before the ambulance arrived, a number of other injuries happened to this unlucky boy over and over again. 有个孩子病倒了，他的体内器官被一台红外线烤炉的放射线灼伤了。但是在救护车到来前，这个不幸的孩子身上还一而再、再而三地发生了许多别的伤害。2.fall ill 生病,病倒fall ill with 罹患某疾病At the time,

5、he was a neurology resident at the University of California, San Francisco, and was watching many patients fall ill with AIDS. 之前，他在旧金山加州大学主要从事神经学的相关研究。 他目睹了许多艾滋病患者的痛苦。3. organC器官 part of an animal body or plant serving a particular purposeC风琴 musical instrument played by blowing air through pipes C

6、机构 organization with a special purpose within a large one C新闻媒体,宣传工具; 机关报杂志 means for communicating the views of a particular group or partyThe nose is the organ of smell. 鼻子是嗅觉器官。He played a beautiful tune on the organ. 他用风琴演奏出一支动听的曲子。 Parliament is an organ of government. 议会是政府的一个机构。 This paper is

7、 the official organ of the Socialist Party. 这份报纸是工党的正式机关报。organic adj. 有化 有机的；组织的；器官的；根本的 organismal 生物的；有机体的 adv. organically 有机地；有组织地；器官上地 organism 有机体；生物体；微生物 organicism 有机体说；唯器官变化论 organist 风琴演奏者4.damagevt. & vi. 损害,毁坏,加害于 break or spoil; cause harm or injury to n.(名词) U损失,损害,损毁 loss of value, a

8、ttractiveness or usefulness caused by an event, accident, etc. P损害赔偿金 money paid or claimed as compensation for damage, loss or injurycause damage 造成损失损害 do damage to 损害 guard against damage 预防遭受损害 pay (for) damage 赔偿损失 receive damage 受到遭到损失 recover damage 弥补损失 repair damage 弥补损失,修复被毁坏的部分 suffer dam

9、age 遭受损害,蒙受损害 work damage 造成损害词义辨析：damage, harm, hurt, impair, injure, wound 这组词的共同意思是“损害,损伤”。impair表示损伤某人物而导致削弱、缩小或减少其使用价值,也可指情绪的损伤; damage表示损害了表面,损害了人或物的某个部分或使之完全失掉用途; harm表示人的心理、健康、权力或事业上的损害,程度较轻; hurt多用来表示伤害身体或某一部位,或表示剧烈的疼痛或精神上受到伤害; injure表示身体或精神上各种性质及任何程度的伤害,多表示意外受伤; wound主要指在战斗中武器或凶器等造成的外伤或剧烈的

10、痛苦。break，destroy，ruin，wreck，damage，spoil 这些动词均有“破坏，损坏”之意。 break普通用词，指某物因被打破或撕破而受到破坏，可指有形或无形的破坏。 destroy多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，含导致无用，不能或很难再修复的意味。 ruin多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭，侧重破坏的彻底性，也可用于引申意义。 wreck侧重指船只、车辆、房屋等受到严重破坏或完全毁坏，也可指计划、健康受到损害。 damage多指对无生命物体的损害，造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果。 spoil强调不仅会削弱力量、精力或价值，而且会导致不可避免的毁灭。5. radiation

11、U辐射(能),放射 the radiating of heat, light, etc.; radioactivity P放射物 thing that is radiatedemitgive off radiation 放出射线 produce radiation 产生辐射 cosmicnuclear radiation 宇宙核辐射solar radiation 太阳辐射expose sth to radiation 使某物暴露于辐射中radiate vi/ vt.辐射；流露；发光；从中心向各方伸展;传播；流露；发射；广播6.infrared: 红外线的 of or being rays of

12、 light of long wavelength that cannot be seen but give heat Infrared cameras can also make false positives. 红外线摄影机也会判断错误。 What are infrared and ultraviolet rays? 什么是红外线和紫外线？infrared spectroscopy 红外光谱法；红外线分光镜 infrared spectrum 红外光谱 far infrared 化远红外线的 infrared radiation 红外线照射 infrared ray 红外线 infrare

13、d sensor 传感器；红外探测器 infrared detector 红外检测器 infrared thermometer 红外测温仪；红外线温度计 infrared camera 红外摄像机 infrared spectrometer 红外光谱仪 7. ambulance C救护车 vehicle equipped to carry sick or injured people to hospital, etc.An ambulance dashed to the scene of the accident. 救护车风驰电掣赶往事故现场。 An ambulance was racing

14、along with its sirens wailing. 救护车响着警报急驰而过。8.a number of许多；若干（后接可数名词的复数形式）词语辨析：a number of, the number of a number of 许多,谓语动词用复数A number of forged tickets are in circulation. 有一些假入场券在流通。 the number of 的数目,谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing.9.injuryU伤害,损害 harm; damage to a living thing C受伤处

15、 a physical hurt or wound, especially when caused accidentallyHe had a spinal injury in that accident. 他在那次事故中脊柱受了伤。 The injury to their key player could be a decisive factor in the game. 他们主力队员受伤可能是这场比赛胜负的决定性因素。injured 受伤的；受损害的 injurious 有害的；诽谤的 injuriously adv.有害地；伤害地 injure vt.伤害，损害10.over and ov

16、er again adv. 一再地；反复不断地First, he was choked by some poisonous liquid from the kettle on the cupboard. Then his wrist skin was burnt by electric shock. Finally, his ankle was cut by a pan. Fortunately, the boys nurse gave him proper temporary treatments according to his complex symptoms. She mildly s

17、queezed the poisonous liquid out of his throat and put bandages firmly in place to apply pressure to the ankle wound to stop bleeding. As for the burn, she used scissors to remove his sleeve, poured a basin of cold water over the burn to cool it and put her hands on a damp blouse to cover his swolle

18、n tissue tightly. She also inspired his bravery to fight against the unbearable pain.开始是被橱柜上水壶里的有毒液体噎住，然后是手腕的皮肤被电击烧伤，最后，一只平底锅还割伤了他的脚踝。 幸运的是，男孩的保姆根据他的复杂症状给予了适当的临时治疗。她轻轻地从他喉咙里把有毒液体挤了出来；并在脚踝合适的位置紧紧扎上绷带，施加压力使伤口的流血止住；对于烧伤，她用剪刀剪去他的袖子，倒了一盆凉水给烧伤位置降温，并找来一件湿的女式衬衫紧紧盖住他肿胀的皮肤组织。此外，她还激发起他的勇敢和难以忍受的疼痛做斗争。11. choke

19、vt. & vi. 填塞 be blocked or congested; fill up or block vt. & vi. (使)窒息 stop sbs breathing (by pressing or blocking the windpipe, or of smoke, etc. by being unfit to breathe) She found it hard to choke down her anger. 她感到难以压下心中的怒火。 She choked with emotion. 她激动得说不出话来。choke the life out of sb 把某人勒死闷死 c

20、hoke back 忍住,抑制 choke back ones anger 忍气吞声 choke back ones tears 忍住眼泪 choke down 忍住,抑制 choke down ones anger 忍气吞声 choke down a sob 强忍住哭泣 choke off 噎死; 使中止,使放弃 choke off opposition 压制住反对 choke out ones anger 忍气吞声 choke up 塞住,堵住; 使闷死; 充满 choke up the drain-pipe 堵塞下水道 choke up with 用塞,阻塞 choke up with

21、soot 用烟灰堵塞住 choke at sbs words 对某人的话很气愤 choke sb into unconsciousness 把某人窒息得失去知觉 choke to death 窒息而死 choke with emotion 激动地哽住 choke with smoke 给烟呛了 choke的详细讲解：12.poisonous有毒的 containing poison 引起中毒的,有害的 having the effects of poison 讨厌的,恶意的 very unpleasantSome mushrooms are poisonous. 有些蘑菇有毒。 Some sn

22、akes have poisonous fangs. 有些蛇长有毒牙。 She gave him a poisonous look. 她恶狠狠地瞪了他一眼。poison n.毒药，毒物；酒；有毒害的事物；助剂 抑制剂 vi. 放毒，下毒 vt.污染；使中毒，放毒于；败坏；阻碍poisoning 中毒 poisoner 投毒者；毒害者 13. wrist C 腕,腕关节 joint between the hand and the armThey took her by the writst. 他们握住她的手腕。 That was all wrist. 那动作全凭腕上的功夫。 He has wr

23、ists of steel. 他有钢铁般的手腕。wrist watch 手表 a slap on the wrist 轻微的处罚 slap on the wrist 温和的申斥 straight wrist 直腕 locked wrist 手腕僵硬 wrist strap 手环 wrist drop 腕下垂 wrist joint 桡腕关节 a tap on the wrist 象征性的惩罚14. electric shock触电；电 电击；临床 电休克shock:n. C 震动 violent force, as from a hard blow, crash, explosion, etc

24、. C 电击 the sudden violent effect of electricity passing through the body C 打击 blow; an unpleasant piece of news C U 激动,震惊 the state or strong feeling caused by sth unexpected and usually very unpleasant U 休克 the weakened state of the body with less activity of the heart, lungs, etc., usually followi

25、ng damage to the body v. (动词) vt. 使震惊 cause a shock vt. 使受电击 give a electric shock to vt. 使感到厌恶恐惧 cause sb to feel disgust, horror, etc. His death was a great shock to us all. 他的死使我们大家都大为震惊。 We must take steps to prevent shock in the patient. 我们必须采取措施防止病人休克。The violence and bad language in the progr

26、am shocked many of the viewers. 节目中的暴力场面和难听的粗话使许多观众感到震惊。词义辨析：shock，impact，collision，clash 这些名词均含“冲击，碰撞”之意。 shock指强烈冲击在肉体上或思想感情上所产生的效果。 impact正式用词，侧重指物体相撞的结果或接触点。 collision指物体相撞，其结果不是受损就是严重受阻。 clash通常指两个或多个物体，特别是金属物发出刺耳声音或破裂声的撞击。也可引申指意见、利益等的冲突。15. ankle：C踝,踝关节 the joint between the foot and the leg;

27、the part of the leg just above the footThe doctor has taped up my swollen ankle. 医生用绷带把我肿起的脚踝包扎起来。 She stepped on a loose stone and twisted her ankle. 她踩到一块松动的石头上，扭伤了脚踝。16. temporary ：临时的,暂时的,短时间的 lasting only for a limited time用作定语They just reached a temporary agreement. 他们只是达成一个临时协议。 用作表语 S+be+ Th

28、e arrangement is only temporary. 这种安排只是暂时的。词义辨析 temporary，momentary，transient 这些形容词均含“短暂的，瞬息的”之意。 temporary普通用词，其反义是permanent。指持续有限的可计时间，着重暂时的存在、应用或效应。 momentary指瞬时即逝的，也表明间很短的。 transient指停留或延续的时间很短。17.according to prep. 按照；根据；取决于18. complexadj.由许多部分组成的,复合的 consisting of many closely connected parts

29、复杂的; 难懂的 difficult to understand, explain, or deal with; not clear or simple n. C综合体,集合体 a system consisting of a large number of closely related parts C情结,夸大的情绪反应 a group of unconscious confused wishes, fears, feelings, etc. which influence a persons behaviorThe engine of an airplane is very comple

30、x. 飞机的引擎非常复杂。 S+be+to- v What he said was too complex for me to understand. 他说的太复杂了,我无法理解。 This is a complex of new building. 这是新建筑群。 I am developing a guilt complex about it. 我对此事有一种负罪感。词义辨析 complex，complicated，sophisticated，intricate 这些形容词均含“复杂的”之意。 complex侧重内在关系的复杂，需通过仔细研究与了解才能掌握和运用。 complicated与

31、complex的含义接近，但语气更强，着重极其复杂，很难分析、分辨或解释。 sophisticated侧重指事物发展到或达到高级的程度所体现出的复杂。 intricate着重指错综复杂，令人迷惑理解。19.symptomC 症状 a change in the condition or appearance of the body that is a sign of disease C 征兆 a small change in appearance or behaviour that indicates a larger development or problem The doctor made his diagnosis after studying the patients symptoms. 医生研究病人的症状后, 作出诊断。 Fever is a symptom of many illnesses. 发烧是许多疾病的症兆。20.mildly mild adj. 温柔的,温和的,和善的 gentle; soft轻微的,不严重的 not severe 温暖的,暖和的 warmShe has a mild disposition. 她性情温和。That island has a mild climate. 那个岛气候温和。词义辨析 mild, gentle, sof