过去分词作状语.docx

1、过去分词作状语过去分词作定语、表语考点透析 考点一、过去分词作定语 1. 单个过去分词作定语单个过去分词作定语时，常常放在被修饰的词语之前。例如：Autumn comes, and there are many fallen leaves on the street.注意：如果单个过去分词所修饰的词语为不定代词nothing,anything,something 或指示代词those,this,these 等时，过去分词常常放在被修饰的词语后面。例如：There is nothing changed in my hometown since 1999. 2. 过去分词短语作定语过去分词短语作定

2、语，常常放在被修饰的词语之后，其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如：Most of the guests invited to my birthday party were my school friends. = Most of the guests who were invited to my birthday party were my school friends.注意区别：非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式： the bridge to be built 将要建造的桥 （表示将来的被动的动作） the bridge being built 正在建造的桥 （表示正在进行的被动动作） the

3、bridge built 造好的桥 （表示完成的被动动作） 过去分词和ing分词作定语的区别： 过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语： boiled water开水 boiling water正沸腾的水 developed countries发展的国家 developing countries发展中国家 fallen leaves落叶 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子 changed condition改变了的情况 changing condition变化着的情况 由此可见，过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作；而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行

4、的主动的动作。 考点二、过去分词作表语1. 过去分词用作表语时，通常说明主语所处的状态或感受等。例如：I noticed the doors and windows were locked when I came to see him.She seemed terribly shocked upon hearing the sad news.过去分词和ing分词作表语的区别： 过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，如： Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. 听到那个消息，我们感到很惊讶 The ne

5、ws is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。 They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。 At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears. 看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。 英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting

6、, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished等。实战演练： 1. The water in this glass is too hot. I prefer some cold _ water.A. to boil B. having boiled C. boiled D. boiling 2. The problem just _ i

7、s an important one.A. to be referred to B. referred toC. referring to D. referred 3. A man was killed.Where is the body of the _ man?A. murder B. murderedC. murdering D. having murdered 4. China Daily, first _ in 1980, is very popular with students of English in China.A. published B. was publishedC.

8、 having published D. having been published5. The great hall was crowded with many people, _ many children _ on their parents laps.A. including; seated B. including; seating C. including; sat D. included; sitting 6. How did Bob do in the exam this time? Well, his father seems _ with his results.A. pl

9、easing B. pleaseC. pleased D. to please7. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are bought B. boughtC. been bought D. buying8. Whats the main purpose of tonights meeting?We are going to talk about the problem _ at the last meeting.A. discussed B. discussingC. b

10、eing discussed D. having discussed9. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having written B. to be writtenC. being written D. written10. How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?The key _ the problem is to

11、meet the demand _ by the customers.A. to solving; making B. to solving; madeC. to solve; makingD. to solve; made Key: 15 CBBAA 610 CBADB过去分词作宾语补足语及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语是过去分词动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。常见的情况有下列几种：一、在have，get，make，leave，keep等使役动词后可用过去分词作宾语补足语。如：He managed to get the task finished on time. 他设法按时完成

12、了任务。【高考链接】1. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ in a short period. (2007 福建卷)A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve2. Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. (2004 全国II卷)A. making herself hearB. to make herself hearC. making herself

13、 heardD. to make herself heard3. 完成句子: Youd better go and _. (把你的轿车洗洗). No, Ill do it myself. (wash) (2008 湖北卷) 二、在see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel，find 等动词后可用过去分词作宾语补足语。如：She saw the wounded man carried into the hospital. 她看到这个受伤的男人被抬进了医院。【高考链接】To learn English well, we should find opportunities

14、to hear English _ as much as we can. (2008 江苏卷)A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak三、过去分词作宾语补足语时，句子的谓语动词通常还可以是表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词。如：like，order，want，wish，expect等后可用过去分词作宾语补足语(或过去分词前加to be)。如：【高考链接】She wants her paintings _ in the gallery, but we don t think they would be very popular. (2007春季 上海)A

15、. display B. to display C. displaying D. displayed四、“with 宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。如：The day ended with nothing settled. 那一天什么也没解决就结束了。【高考链接】1. You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much. (2008 福建卷)A. for B. when C. with D. while2. John

16、received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it. (2007安徽卷)A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished3. 完成句子：They sat together around the table, with _(门关着). (shut) (2007 湖北卷)动词have后所接的三种宾语补语： have somebody/something do something 不定式作补语必须省去to, 不定式动作由宾语发出，

17、表示一次性的动作。如： I had the workers do the job for me. 我让工人们替我完成了工作。 Jim often has his father help him with his homework. 吉姆经常让他的父亲帮助做家庭作业。 have somebody /something doing something -ing分词作补语，分词动作也由宾语发出，强调动作的延续或正在进行。如： They had the tractor working all the time. 他们让拖拉机一直工作着。 We wont have the child talking t

18、o his mother like that. 我们不能让那个孩子那样对他的妈妈说话。 have somebody/something done 过去分词作补语，宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系，通常有两种情况： 主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志。如： He had his hair cut yesterday. 他昨天理发了。 Later on the center had a great many new trees planted.后来，这个中心让人种了很多树。 主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。如： He had his leg broken in t

19、he match last month.他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。 He had one eye lost in the war. 在战争中，他失去了一只眼睛。 过去分词作状语 过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如： Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。 Accepted by the Party, he decided

20、 to devote his life to the cause of the Party. 入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。 表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如： Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。 Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. 受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来从事斗争。

21、表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。如： Given another chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。 Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English. 和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语。 If heated, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。 表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如： Exhausted by the r

22、unning, they went on running after the robber. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。 Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。 表方式或伴随情况。如： The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。 Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 我和父亲坐在

23、桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。 过去分词作状语应注意以下几点。一、过去分词与句子主语之间的关系(1) 过去分词作状语表示被动或完成的动作。过去分词与句子主语之间通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系。如：Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。【高考链接1】_ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. (2009福建卷)A. Reminding B. RemindedC. To remind D. H

24、aving reminded【答题指导】分词在句子中作状语，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语之间的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。比较：Seen from the sky, our city is very beautiful. (our city与see之间是被动关系)Seeing from the sky, we find our city is very beautiful. ( we与see之间是主谓关系)(2) 有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(迷路)；seat

25、ed(坐)；hidden(躲)；lost in(沉迷于)；dressed in(穿着)。由某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词也具有此用法，如frightened, satisfied, tired, disappointed等。如：Surprised at what had happened, Tom didnt know what to do. 汤姆对发生的一切非常惊讶，以至于不知如何是好。【高考链接2】_and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. (2009浙江卷)A. T

26、o be tried B. TiredC. Tiring D. Being tired 二、过去分词作状语所表示的意义过去分词作状语时表示时间、条件、原因、让步时可转换为相应的状语从句；表示方式、结果和伴随时可转化为并列分句。如：Looked (=If it is looked) at a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful. 隔着一段距离看，这幅画似乎要漂亮得多。The cup fell down to the ground, broken. = The cup fell down to the ground and it was

27、 broken.茶杯掉到了地上，碎了。【高考链接3】_the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars. (2009江西卷)A. Giving B. Having givenC. To give D. Given 【高考链接4】Michaels new house is like a huge palace, _with his old one. (2009重庆卷)A. comparing B. comparesC. to compare

28、D. compared 三、“连词+过去分词”结构根据主句主语和从句主语一致且从句含有动词be时可省略从句主语和动词be的原则，可把状语从句变换为“连词+过去分词”结构。常用的连词有if, unless, when, as, once, even if/ even though, as if, though/ although等。如：I wont attend his birthday party unless invited (=unless I am invited). 除非被邀请，否则我不去参加他的生日晚会。【高考链接5】Every evening after dinner, if no

29、t _from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.(2009湖南卷)A. being tired B. tiringC. tired D. to be tired 四、 独立主格结构 由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成,这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常被称为独立主格结构。 （一）独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词 名词(代词)+形容词 名词(代词)+副词 名词(代词)+不定式 名词(代词) +介词短语构成独立主格结构主要起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,多用来

30、表示行为、方式、伴随等情况,有时也可用来表示时间、原因、条件等情况。 1、名词或代词主格 + 分词 The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report. 实验做完了,同学们继续在实验报告上做记录。 Time permitting, we can have a walk around the playground after supper. 如果时间允许,晚饭后我们可以到操场上散步。 2、名词或代词主格 + 形容词 Computers very small, we can use the

31、m widely. 电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们。 The clothes very dirty, youd better wash them quickly. 衣服很脏,你快点儿洗洗吧! 3、名词或代词主格 + 不定式 The last guest to arrive, our party was started. 最后一位客人到了,我们的晚会就开始了。 4、名词或代词主格 + 介词短语 Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand. 我们的英语老师走进了教室,手里拿着试卷。 There is a river in the valley, fresh flowers on the banks. 山谷中有一条河,河两岸长满了鲜