1、英语范文背诵20篇01 The Language of MusicA painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A stu
2、dent of music needs as long and as arduous(艰辛的) a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as th
3、eir vocal(声音的) chords(和音) would be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right armtwo entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to(能够,可以) get every
4、note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuners responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like
5、 percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sound with fanatical(狂热的) but selfless autho
6、rity. (with A but B,是A而不是B)Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.02 Schooling and EducationIt is commonly believ
7、ed in United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless(然而,不过), it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.Education is much more open-ended and all-i
8、nclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds(教育被认为是没有界限的). It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe(整个世界) of informal learning. The agents(代理) o
9、f education can range from a revered (尊敬的)grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished(著名的) scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability(可预言的), education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person
10、to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of ones entire life.Schoolin
11、g, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and
12、so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned(所要学习的本质上是。), whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the working of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school students know that there not likely to find out in their
13、classes the truth about political problems in their communities(举个例子,高年级学生知道在他们的课堂中不太可能会涉及到他们政党中存在的政治问题的真相) or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.(在这种正式的学校教学过程中有明确的周边环境)03 The Definition of “Price”Prices de
14、termine how resources are to be used.(价格决定多少资源被使用) They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers.(它们也是有限的产品和服务在购买者之间按比例分配的依据) The price system of the United States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and
15、 sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of(无数的) services, including labor, professional, transportation, and public-utility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up the “system” of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated
16、system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define “price”, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words that pric
17、e is the money values of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. (为了在任一个特定的交易中透彻地了解价格的含义,需要了解
18、除钱的数量之外所涉及的更多内容) Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit ter
19、ms and discounts(折扣) that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges(特权,特别待遇), and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total “package” being exchanged for the asked-for
20、amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price. (换句话说,为了能够评估一个给定的价格,买者和卖者都应该完全清楚组成这个总的“包裹”的所有因素,这个总的“包裹”是用来和标定的钱数来交换的)04 ElectricityThe modern age is an age of electricity. People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life w
21、ould be like without them. When there is a power failure, people grope(摸索) about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils(损坏,宠坏,弄糟) in silent refrigerators.Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a l
22、ittle more than two centuries ago. Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for million of years. Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity.All living cell send out tiny pulses(脉冲) of elec
23、tricity. As the heart beats, it sends out pulses of record; they form an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working. The brain, too, sends out brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram. The electric currents generated by
24、most living cells are extremely small ? often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them. But in some animals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all.(但是一些动物它们特定的肌肉细胞已经变得和发电机一样,但是发电机的工作原理和它们完全不一样) When
25、large numbers of these cell are linked together, the effects can be astonishing.The electric eel is an amazing storage battery. It can seed a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it live. ( An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.) As ma
26、ny as four-fifths of all the cells in the electric eels body are specialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to length of its body.05 The Beginning of DramaThere are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one mos
27、t widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual(典礼,宗教仪式). The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world-even the seasonal changes-as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control t
28、hese unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled(以面纱遮盖,隐避) the mysteries of the rites(仪式,典礼). As time passed some rituals were abandone
29、d, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes(服装) were almost always used, Furthermore, a suitable site h
30、ad to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the acting area and the auditorium. In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment(设定制定) of rites
31、, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed(模仿) the desired effect-success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun-as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representa
32、tions were separated from religious activities.Another theory traces the theaters origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this views tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrato
33、r and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.06 TelevisionTelevision-the most pervasive(弥漫性的,渗透性的) and persuasive(有说服力的,使人信服的) of modern tech
copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有
经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1