高中英语 状语从句精讲及专项练习有答案.docx

1、高中英语 状语从句精讲及专项练习有答案状语从句新课讲解知识点1）状语与状语从句状语（adverbial)状语（adverbial)的定义：英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语（adverbial)。状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。 副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。请判断状语部分。 1.Naturally, our grandparents were please

2、d to get our phone call. ( ) 2.We worked hard, from sunrise to sunset. ( ) 3.Seen from a distance, the farmhouse looked deserted. ( )状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。状语从句 （Adverbial Clause） 根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗

3、号隔开。解题要领：了解各类状语从句典型连词的基本意思，弄清主从句之间的逻辑关系，代入题干进行校对。 状语从句在句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号分开；放在主句之后，一般不用逗号，状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等9种。引导状语从句的连词分类状语从句连词时间when, whenever, while, as, after, every(each) time, the day, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, immediately, no s

4、ooner than, hardly(scarcely) when, since, before, till, until, once地点where, wherever, everywhere条件if, unless, as(so) long as, on condition that, providing/provided that, suppose/supposing that, in case原因because, since, as, now that, seeing that, considering that, given that , in that, in view of the

5、 fact that(鉴于)让步though, although, even if(though), while, as, whatever, wherever, whoever, however, no matter +wh词, whether or, despite the fact that比较asas, not the same as, not soas, than, the morethe more方式as, as if(though) 目的that, so that, in order that, in case, for fear that, lest结果so that, so

6、that, such that1.时间和条件状语从句讲求“主将从现”的时态规则，但要注意whether一词。Whether it rains (rain) or not, I shall go out for an outing tomorrow.Can you tell me whether it will rain (rain) tomorrow?Whether it will do (do) us more harm than good remains to be seen.当whether作“无论”解，用现在时表将来。但当whether作“是否”解时则不能用现在时表将来。2.注意下列连

7、词的基本释义as soon as / the moment / directly 一就 no soonerthan / hardlywhen 刚就since / now that / seeing that 既然 in that 因为；由于provided / on condition that / suppose (ing) 如果 once 一旦as/so long as 只要 in case 以防；万一given that 考虑到 seeing that 鉴于 even if 即便 even though 尽管as if / though 好象 unless 除非，如果不wh-疑问词+ e

8、ver / no matter + wh-疑问词 无论不管until 到为止 notuntil 直到才 as/ so far as 就而言 as far as 远至so that 为了 so/suchthat 太以至于知识点2）：状语从句的分类时间状语从句时间状语从句的时态一致（1）如果主句是一般将来时，在时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。（2）如果主句是一般将来时，若时间状语从句强调动作完成，从句也可以用现在完成时。1、while, as, when/whenever的用法比较连接词when的用法小结when(特指)引导的从句表示的具体的时间，从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时，也可以先于主句的

9、动作。whenever（泛指）指任何一个不具体的时间。（1） when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是可延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。如： When the film ended, the people went back. When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.（2） 可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式： Somebody was doing something/was about

10、to do sth./was on the point of doing sth. when (刚要这时突然)（3） 还可以表示原因“既然”，相当于since; considering that。如：It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.（4）When的意思1) 当时候2）那时；这时（突然） be doingwhen be about to do when be on the point of doing when had just donewhen3）既然（原

11、因状语从句） It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.连接词while的用法小结 （1）while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如： Please dont talk so loud while others are working.（2）while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。Theres plenty of rain in the southeast, while theres little in the northeast

12、. Some people waste food while others havent enough.注意:while与but的区别二者都有“而,然而”之意,但while强调二者的对比,而but强调前后的转折关系。（3） while可表示尽管，相当于although。连接词when, while, as的用法区别：（1）While指一段时间。表示主句和从句的动作同时发生，并持续一段时间。从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的。When指一点时间或一段时间。表示主句和从句的动作同时发生，也常表示从句动作先于主句动作。引导的从句的谓语动词是可延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词。如：When/While h

13、e was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring. When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. (不可用 while)When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. (不可用 while)（2）as指一点时间，以可指一段时间。侧重于表示在从句动作发生过程中主句动作同时发生。当主句和从句的主语一致时， as还有“一边一边”的意思。As I was getting on the bus, someone called me.As he

14、 walked along, he sang happily. As the election approached, the violence got worse. (表示“随着”，连词用as，不用when或while)（3）如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动作的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when, while 与as 可互换使用。如： When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.2、名词词组引导时间状语从句有时名词every time(每次)，the

15、 next time(下一次)，by the time, the next day(第二天)，the first time，every day, the year等，也可起从属连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her. Every time you get back at night, you drop your shoes on the floor. I didnt have a penny the last time I saw you. 3、表示“一就”的连词或词组as soon asthe

16、 moment, the minute, the second, the instantinstantly, immediately，directly, presentlyhardly/scarcelywhen, no soonerthan.Ill give you a phone as soon as I come back.Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her？你记着还给玛丽的欠款了吗？ YesI gave it to her the moment I saw her是的。我一见到她就还给她了。The young lady

17、 rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise.那位年轻女士一听到响声就冲进房间。Directly the master came in, everyone was quiet.校长一进来，大家就安静下来。Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.他刚一到, 她就开始抱怨起来。4、since和before的用法比较两者均可用于“It+ be.+since/before-从句”的句型。区别在于since表示“自从以来”，所在主、从句的谓语动词的时态关系是:It is/has b

18、een sometime since sb. did sth.。 It is/has been 30 years since he joined the revolution. 他参加革命己三十年了。before主、从句的时态关系是:It was some time before sb. did sth. 过了多久才和It will be some time before sb. does sth.还要过多久才 It was three days before he came back. 他三天后才回来。 It will be three days before he comes back.

19、他三天后才会回来。 否定句型It be not 一段时间 before 肯定句 “不多久就”It was not long before he came back. 不久他就回来了。It wasnt two years before he left the country. 没到两年他就离开这个国家了。比较记忆：before long不久以后 long before 很久以前 They came back before long.他们很快就回来了。 I knew Tom long before I knew you. 我在认识你之前很久就认识了汤姆。5、till/until， notuntil

20、till/unitl主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词, until=till，但是在句首只能用untilnotuntil主句的谓语动词经常是非延续性动词，也可以是延续性动词They stayed there until we came back.They didnt leave until we came back.It was not untilthat强调从句时需把not放在从句前面It was not until a Saturday afternoon in May that he could arrange for me to meet her elder sister. not unt

21、il在句首时，主句要部分倒装Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.直到河里的鱼都死了村民们才意识到污染的严重性。6、once 一旦 Once I arrive in Shanghai, I will call you.课堂练习1. I couldnt forget her _ I saw her. A. for the first time B. for the last time C. for each time D. the first

22、 time2. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park _ she was bitten on the leg by a lion. A. when B. while C. since D. once3. It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. when4. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got wo

23、rse. A. until B. when C. before D. AsDABC第2题 答案A解析：while引导的句子中的谓语动词为延续性动词或状态性动词；when引导的句子中的谓语动词可为延续性或非延续性动词bite为非延续性动词，when在此处为并列连词，意为“这时第3题 答案B分析：解此题的关键在于主句与从句在时态上保持一致。用A、C、D三项的连接词引导时间状语从句时，与主句的时态明显不一致。since引导从句时常用过去时，主句则用一般现在时或现在完成时。地点状语从句地点状语从句一般由where，wherever和everywhere引导。After the war, a new s

24、chool building was put up where there had once been a theatre. 战后，一所新学校在以前的剧院处建成。You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again. 你应当养成惯例，将东西放在你能找到的地方。She found her calculator where she lost it. 他在她丢的地方找到了计算器。Everywhere they went, the distinguished guests were warmly welcomed

25、.贵宾每到一处都受到了热烈的欢迎。Sit wherever you like.请随便坐。You can take it with you wherever you go.不论走到什么地方，你都可随身携带它。They went where they could find work. _从句They went to Beijing, where they could find work. _从句课堂练习1、Today, we will begin _we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.A. when B. where C.

26、how D. what2、 unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.A. Before B. Where C. Unless D. Until3、Youd better not leave the medicine kids can reach it.A.even if B.which C.where D.so that第1题：B题意：今天，我们将从昨天停下的地方开始这样就不会有知识点被漏掉了。where 引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中作状语，因为宾语从句中sto

27、pped是不及物动词，不能带宾语。第2题：B第3题：C原因状语从句原因状语从句一般由because(因为)，since(既然)，now that(既然，因为)，as(由于)等连词引导1、because, since, now that和as引导原因状语从句（1）because表示直接的原因或理由，表示原因的语气最强，常表示必然的因果关系。回答以why引起的特殊疑问句，只能用because。 Jane wore a raincoat because it was raining.因为天下雨，所以詹穿着雨衣。He is absent today because he is ill.他今天缺课，因为

28、他病了。（2）since表示对方已经知晓、无须加以说明的原因或事实，语气比because稍弱。Ill do it for you since you are busy.既然你忙，我来替你做吧。Since you insist, Ill go.既然你坚持，那我就去。Since you have seen both fighters, who do you think will win? （3）now that意为“既然”，与since同义，但更突出事实本身。Now that youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. 既然

29、你有了机会，你要充分利用它。Now that everyone is here, lets begin our meeting.既然大家都来了，我们就开始开会吧。Now that I am well again, I can go on with my work.我既然恢复了健康，那就可以继续工作了。（4）as表示的往往是十分明显的原因，听者或读者已经知道或能看得出来，语气较弱，只附带说明，比较口语化。We had better hurry as its getting dark.因为天快要黑了，我们最好快点。As you object, Ill change the plan.由于你反对，我

30、将改变计划。As it is raining, Ill not go out. 因为正在下雨，我就不出去了。（5）forfor是并列连词，它引导的分句不表示直接的原因，而是用来附带解释或说明前面一句的情况。for引导的分句常位于第一分句之后，它们之间用逗号隔开。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.昨晚准是下雨了，今天早上地面还是湿的。The day breaks, for the birds are singing.小鸟在歌唱，一定是天亮了。2、seeing that, considering that, given that, in view of the fact that和in that引导原因状语从句 这几个连词同since, as 近义，都有“鉴于某个事实，原因”是之意。 Considering that hes only been learning English a year, he speaks it very well.鉴于他只学了一年， 他英语讲得就是很好。 Seeing that he was ill, they sent for the doctor.鉴于他病情严重，他们派人请医生。 In that she is ill