THAT用法总结.docx

1、THAT用法总结THAT用法总结第一、 that 用作形容词（后接复数名词时用those） 它用来指已被提到的人或物；也可表对比，指两个中较远的那个。 What about that book you borrowed from me last month？请注意，that 有时候在句子中具有喜欢或轻蔑等感情色彩。 that little son of his 他那个小宝贝儿子 That George！乔治那家伙！（含有轻蔑语气）第二、that 用作代词。 1. that 用作指示代词（复数形式是those），其指代意义同形容词用法，同时它还可以用作定语从句中的先行词；还可为了避免重复，代替前

2、述名词。.that用来替代前面提到的特指的事物,所代替的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词.代替可数名词可以用the one替换.但其前面不可用任何限定词修饰.例如:1)The population of China is larger than that of Japan.(that代替不可数名词population,不可用the one替换)2)The headteacher in your class is younger and more active than that in theirs.(that代替可数名词headteacher,可用the one替换)that 代替指物的

3、单数可数名词或抽象不可数名词，一般是特指的 those 代替指人或指物的复数名词，一般是特指的=the ones one 代替指人或指物的单数可数名词，一般是泛指的 ones 代替指人或指物的复数名词，一般是泛指的That is what he told me. What is that (which) you have got in your hand? The price of rice is higher than that of flour. 2. that 用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句。先行词可人可物，用法相当于who或which。（但是在下列情况下多用that：先行词既有人又有

4、物时；先行词有形容词最高级、序数词、不定代词、very，only等修饰时；先行词是不定代词时） He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. I think it one of the most wonderful films that the film company has ever produced. She has little information that is useful for our research. Is there anything that I can do for you? 请注意，t

5、hat 在定语从句中作宾语时通常可省略。 The books (that) I sent you will help you in your studies. 第三、that 用作连词，引导名词性从句,状语从句和强调句。 1. that名词性从句。 引导宾语从句。及物动词后的引导词that可省略。 I didnt expect (that) he could win the championship. The teacher pointed out that Tom was not working hard enough. 引导主语从句。通常采用it作形式主语的句型。 That the ear

6、th goes around the sun is known to everyone. （It is known to everyone that the earth goes around the sun.） 引导表语从句。 The trouble is that we are short of money. 引导同位语从句。 引导同位语从句的that和引导定语从句的that是不同的前者只起语法作用，在从句中不作任何成分；而后者在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。举例说明： The news that he resigned from office surprised us. The idea

7、 that he holds is very common nowadays on campus. 2. that引导状语从句 引导目的状语从句。 Bring it nearer that I may see it better. 引导结果状语从句。 What have I done that he should be so angry with me? 引导原因状语从句。 I am afraid that I will fail in the driving test. 引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然、尽管”。 Difficult that/as the task was, they mana

8、ged to accomplish it on time. 引导条件状语从句。意为“假使、假设”。 Supposing that you were in my position, what would you do? On condition that you were lost in the desert, you should ask for help as soon as possible. 第四、that用作副词。 1. that用作普通副词。 I was that/so angry I could have hit him. 2. that用作关系副词。引导定语从句，可以代替when

9、，where， why或 in which，常可省略。 I will never forget the evening (that) / when we went to the theatre. The house (that)/where I used to live has been knocked down.第五That 的固定搭配and all that诸如此类-Poverty compelled him to sell his house, clothes, and all that.and that 而且（用来加强语气）-They finished the work, and th

10、at in only a few days.at that 就这样-They left it at that.for all that尽管如此-He may have shortcomings and faults, but he is a good comrade for all that.now that 既然，由于-You ought to write it now that you know the address,that is 那就是-He will come back in a week, that is, in March 1.with that接着就-With that sh

11、e left the room;.= With these words, she left the room.in that，意为“既然、因为”。 Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us correct our mistakes.see (to it) that，意为“注意、务必做到、保证”。 We will see to it that she gets home early. See to it that you are not late again. seeing that，意为“鉴于、由于”。 Seei

12、ng that it is 8 oclock, well wait no longer. Seeing that he was busy with his work, I didnt disturb him.3、than作关系代词时，一般用在形式为比较级的复合句中，其结构为形容词比较级（more）than从句，than在从句中作主语，相当于that，代表它前面的先行词。（这时，它兼有连词和代词的性质，也有学者认为这种用法的than是连词，后面省略了主语what。） 如：The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great deal more luxious

13、than is necessary室内游泳池过于豪华。 He got more money than was wanted他得到了更多的钱。 But也被看作关系代词，引导定语从句，在句中作主语，在意义上相当于 who not或that not，即用在否定词或具有否定意义的词后，构成双重否定。 如：There is no mother but loves her children没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。 There was no one present but knew the story already在场的人都知道这个故事。 6（一）、当what用作连接代词，引导名词性从句时，可引导主语从句

14、、表语从句和宾语从句（不可引导同位语从句）；它本身在句中充当主语、宾语或表语。 1、 what表示“所以的（事）”的意思，相当于“the thing(s) that”、“all that”、“that which”、“everything that”等。例如： （1） Leave it with me and Ill see what I can do.(what引导宾语从句，并作do的宾语。) （2） What you have done might do harm to other people. (what引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语。) （3） What he said at the

15、 meeting astonished everybody present. (what引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语。) （4） What is most important in life isnt money. (what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。) （5） But wait till you see what well make for you to your own measure. (what 引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语。) （6） What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world. (what

16、 引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语。) 2、 what 表示“所的（人）”的意思，相当于“the person that”等。例如： （1） He is not what he used to be. (what 引导表语从句，并在从句中作表语。) （2） She is no longer what she was five years ago. (what 引导表语从句，并在从句中作表语。)what = just as，意为“恰像，犹如，好比”用作连词，引导比较状语从句。 惯用句式是：A is to B what C is to D. 意为“A对B而言正如C对D一样”例如：1 空气对于我们犹如

17、水对于鱼。Air is to us What water is to fish.（介词to 表示两者的关系） 也有“A is for B what C is for D.”句式。例如：2 厨师离不了家禽正如画家离不开画布一样。Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the paint.（介词for表示“供使用”） what 引导的从句也可以放在句首，其句式是： What C is to D， that A is to B.（= A is to B what C is to D.） 在这一结构中，喻体在前，主体在后，相当于“just as，so”结构

18、，意思也是“A对B而言正如C对D一样”例如： What blood vessel is to a mans body， that railway is to transportation.（=Just as blood vessel is to a mans body ，so Railway is to transportation.） 铁路对于运输，好比血管对于人体一样。when、while、as 用法的区别一。引导时间状语从句时，WHILE连接的是时间段，而WHEN连接的多是时间点 例如What does your father do while your mother is cookin

19、g? What does your mother do when you come back? 二，WHILE可以连接两个并列的句子，而WHEN不可以 例如I was trying my best to finish my work while my sister was whtching TV 三，WHEN是特殊疑问词，对时间进行提问，WHILE不是。 例如，When were you bron?- when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点，也可指一段时间，while是during the time that，只指一段时间，因此when引导的时间状语从句中

20、的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。 when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生；while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。 由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导，如： a. When the teacher came in, we were talking. 当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为： While we were talking, the teacher came in. b

21、. They were singing while we were dancing. when和while 还可作并列连词。when表示“在那时”；while表示“而，却”，表对照关系。如： a. The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motor bike. 孩子们正要跑过去搬开那袋米，这时他们听到了摩托车的声音。 b. He is strong while his brother is weak. 他长得很结实，而他弟弟却很瘦弱。 when,as,while这三个词都可

22、以引出时间状语从句，它们的差别是：when 从句表示某时刻或一段时间 as 从句表示进展过程，while 只表示一段时间 When he left the house, I was sitting in the garden. 当他离开家时，我正在院子里坐着。 When he arrived home, it was just nine oclock. 当他到家时，正是九点钟。 As he grew older, he became more intelligent. 随着他年龄的增长，他变得更有才智了。 While he was in London,he studied music. 当他在

23、伦敦时，他学习音乐。 While she was typing the letter,the telephone rang. 当她在用打字机打那封信时，电话响了。 prefer A to B 在本句型中，A与B是平行结构，可以是名词，也可以都是动名词。例如： I prefer dogs to cats.在狗与猫之间我更喜欢狗。 Most people prefer trains to buses.大多数人愿意坐火车而不愿坐汽车。 I prefer writing a term paper to taking an examination. 我宁愿写一篇学期论文也不愿参加考试。 I prefer

24、 staying at home to going ou.我觉得在家里比出去好。 Thousands of children nowadays prefer doing their homework to a background of pop-music to doing it in a quiet room. 成千上万的孩子如今一边听流行音乐一边做作业，也不愿在安安静静的房间里做。 She has always preferred marking her own clothes rather than buying them in the shops. 她向来喜欢自己做衣服，而不到商店里去

25、买衣服 6Prefer+不定式+rather than+不定式 1) 本句型中，第一个不定式前面要加to，第二个不定式前面以不加to居多。例如： He prefer to die rather than become traitor.她宁死也不做叛徒。 Older people often fear change. They know what they can do best. They prefer to repeat their successes rather than risk failure. 年纪大的人常常怕变化。他们知道什么最拿手，宁愿把自己成功的经验在如法炮制而不愿冒失败的危

26、险。 She preferred to sew rather than to knit.她喜欢缝纫而不喜欢编织。 2)rather than 也可以至于句首： Rather than buy a car of his own, he prefers to rent one. 3） than后也可用动名词： I prefer to stay at home rather than go/going to see a film. 我觉得与其去看电影倒不如呆在家里。 I would prefer to spend the weekend at home rather than drive/drivi

27、ng all the way to your mothers. 我觉得与其开车跑那么远的路到你母亲那里度周末，到布热在家里过更好些。 4） prefer rather than 中的rather也可以移到第一个不定式之前（prefer ratherthan），这种用法多见于书面语。例如： He preferred rather to take the whole blame himself than to allow it to fall on the innocent. 她宁可自己承担全部责任而不愿让无辜的人受到连累。 5） prefer to do A rather than do B 意

28、义相同，试比较： Joe prefers skating to skiing. Joe prefer to skate rather than ski. Bill preferred playing soccer to swimming. Bill preferred to play soccer rather than swim. He preferred rating a car to having one of his own. He prefers to rent a car rather than to have one of his own. 他宁愿租车也不愿买车。 6） 用pre

29、ferrather than代替preferto连接名词的情形偶尔也可见到。如： Mr. Brunner prefers chemistry rather than physics. 有人认为两者的区别是：preferto表示一般的倾向，preferrather than则表示在某种具体场合的选择。如: What shall we have to drink, port or sherry? 我们该喝什么呢？ I should prefer port rather than sherry. 我宁愿和红葡萄酒而不合雪利酒。 7） prefer + that从句 Would you prefer

30、that I come on Monday instead of on Tuesday? 你宁愿让星期一来而不是星期二来吗 I prefer that someone else should do this._ is no good trying to solve the issue between the nations by means of war. 填作形式主语. 表语是（of）no use，not any use，not the slightest use，no good， not much good，fun等时，常用动名词（不用不定式）做主语并后置，用 it 做形式主语. 例如: Its no use crying over spilt milk. 动名词可在 there be 句型中做主语（不能用不定式），常见形式为 “there is no + 动名词”或 “there is no / any + 名词 + 动名词”. 例如: There isnt any use trying again. 句型是：There is + no + noun + (in) doing something.12