英文交通词汇与术语释义.docx

1、英文交通词汇与术语释义英文交通词汇与术语释义目录A 1Arterial 1Automated Vehicle Identification (AVI) 1Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) 1Average Daily Traffic 1Average Weekday Daily Traffic (AWDT) 1B 2Benefit/Cost (B/C) ratio 2Bottleneck 2C 2Capacity 2Categorical Exclusion 2Central Business District (CBD) 3Changeable Mess

2、age Sign (CMS) 3Collector Distributor (CD) 3Commuter Rail (CR) 4Congestion/Demand Management (CDM) 4Congestion Management System (CMS) 4Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality (CMAQ) improvement program 4Congestion Pricing 4Control of Access (COA) 5Critical Movement Analysis (CMA) 5D 5Design Hour Volu

3、me (DHV) 5Directional Design Hour Volume (DDHV) 5Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) 5E 6Environmental Assessment (EA) 6Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) 6Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 6Expressway 6F 6Feasibility Study 6Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) 7Federal Transit Admini

4、stration (FTA) 7Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) 7Flexible Operational Capability 7Freeway 7Frontage road 7G 8Grade 8Grade Separation 8H 8High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) 8High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lane 8High Speed Rail 8Highway Advisory Radio (HAR) 9Hourly Volume (HV) 9I 9Incident 9Intell

5、igent Transportation System (ITS) 9Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) 9Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) 9Intermodal Transportation 10Intermodalism 10K 10K-Factor 10L 11Level Of Service (LOS) 11Light Rail Transit (LRT) or Light Rail 11M 11Major Investment Study (MIS) 1

6、1Measures Of Effectiveness (MOE) 11Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) 12N 12National Highway System (NHS) 12National Transportation System (NTS) 12Non-attainment areas 12North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) 13Notice Of Intent (NOI) 13P 13Park and Pool (P&P) 13Park and Ride (P&R) 13Peak

7、Hour Factor (PHF) 13Peak Hour Traffic (PHT) 13Person Trip 13Program 14R 14Record Of Decision (ROD) 14Right Of Way (ROW) 14S 14Single-Occupant Vehicle (SOV) 14Social, Economic and Environmental (SEE) 14Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP) 15Statewide Transportation Plan (STP) 15Surface

8、 Transportation Program (STP) 15Surface Transportation Program Category 4C for Urban Mobility/Rehabilitation (STP4C) 15T 15Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) 15Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission (TNRCC) 16Transportation Demand Management (TDM) 16Transportation Improvement Progra

9、m (TIP) 16Transportation Management Area (TMA) 16Transportation Strategy 17Transportation System Management (TSM) 17Transportation Systems Management (TSM) 17U 17Unified Transportation Program (UTP) 17V 18Vehicle Mile of Travel (VMT) 18Vehicles Per Day (VPD) 18Vehicles Per Hour (VPH) 18Volume-to-Cap

10、acity ratio (V/C) 18W 18Weaving Area 18TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS 18Software for Traffic Simulation and Analysis 19英文交通词汇与术语释义AArterial A major thoroughfare. Automated Vehicle Identification (AVI) system or Automatic Vehicle Monitoring System or Automatic Vehicle Location System. A system in which elec

11、tronic equipment on a vehicle sends signals back to a central control facility, locating the vehicle and providing other information about its operations or about its mechanical condition. AVI is also referred to as Automatic Vehicle Monitoring System and Automatic Vehicle Location System. Average A

12、nnual Daily Traffic (AADT) The total traffic for a year divided by 365. Average Daily Traffic is defined as the total traffic volume during a given period (from 1 to 364 days) divided by the number of days in that period. Current ADT volumes can be determined by continuous traffic counts or periodic

13、 counts. Where only periodic traffic counts are taken, ADT volume can be established by applying correction factors such as for season or day of week. For roadways having traffic in two directions, the ADT includes traffic in both directions unless specified otherwise. Average Weekday Daily Traffic

14、(AWDT) The total traffic for an average weekday. An average weekday is a representative weekday computed as the mathematical average of several typical weekdays selected at random throughout the year. A typical weekday has no anomaly such as heavy traffic due to a special public event or light traff

15、ic due to inclement weather. Average Saturday and Sunday data, including holiday service, are determined the same way. BBenefit/Cost (B/C) ratio B/C is used to compare the benefit versus the cost of proposed alternatives. For highway projects, benefits may include reduced fuel consumption, travel ti

16、me, and air pollution; costs may include construction, right of way, and maintenance. Bottleneck Highway sections that experience operational problems such as congestion. Bottlenecks may result from factors other than reduced roadway width. For example, the close spacing of exit and entrance ramps c

17、an cause weaving patterns that result in congestion. A less obvious example is a steep freeway grade that can slow trucks and cause a localized bottleneck. CCapital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (CAMPO) (formerly ATS) CAMPO is the Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) for the Austin are

18、a. Capacity Capacity refers to a rate of vehicular or person flow that can be expected to traverse a point or uniform section of a lane or roadway during a specific period, which is most often a peak 15-minute period, and which is not the maximum volume that can be accommodated during an hour, under

19、 prevailing roadway, traffic, and control conditions. Capacity and Level of Service (LOS) are analyzed separately and are not simply related to each other; both must be fully considered to evaluate the overall operation of a facility. Capacity analysis may be used in the computation of Volume-to-Cap

20、acity (V/C) ratios. In some cases, the V/C ratio is used to define LOS. Categorical Exclusion Examples of categorical exclusions are actions which, based on past experience with similar actions, do not involve significant environmental impacts. They are actions which do not do any of the following:

21、induce significant impacts to planned growth or land use for the area; require the relocation of significant numbers of people; have a significant impact on any natural, cultural, recreational, historic or other resource; involve significant air, noise, or water quality impacts; have significant imp

22、acts on travel patterns; or otherwise, either individually or cumulatively, have any significant environmental impacts. Central Business District (CBD) The downtown retail trade and commercial area of a city or an area having high land values, traffic flow, and concentration of retail business offic

23、es, entertainment, lodging, and services. Changeable Message Sign (CMS) A CMS is used to advise drivers of traffic or roadway conditions ahead and, in some cases, recommend alternate routes. The CMS also reduces driver frustration by providing advance warning. A CMS is also referred to as a Variable

24、 Message Sign (VMS). Collector Distributor (CD) A CD freeway system separates local and through traffic by use of CD roadways and through roadways (main lanes or core roadway). The CD roadway is located between the main lanes and a frontage road or local street system. On the main lanes, traffic flo

25、w is improved since weaving is eliminated and access points are reduced; the CD roadway provides needed freeway access points. A CD roadway is different from a frontage road because access to adjacent properties is not permitted. A CD roadway can complement an existing frontage road system by inclus

26、ion of ramps connecting the CD roadway to the frontage road; the frontage road is then better able to handle traffic accessing adjacent properties. For traffic traveling between a freeway system and more distant points, direct connect ramps can be used to directly connect the CD roadway to major tho

27、roughfares (leading to major traffic generation areas) and, thereby, bypass frontage roads or local streets adjacent to the freeway. This CD roadway and direct connect ramp arrangement eliminates merging and weaving movements that would otherwise occur between the freeway, frontage road, and local r

28、oads. During peak traffic, this arrangement can provide the added benefit of keeping open those sections of freeway lanes approaching exit ramps since greater storage length for exiting traffic queues (lines of vehicles waiting their turn) is made; increased queue storage is made by the greater leng

29、th of the direct connect ramps, the reduction of turbulence in the queue (no access to adjacent property), and the relocation of the queue away from, instead of parallel with the freeway. A CD system with direct connect ramps can promote intermodalism since it provides for easier movement of transit

30、 vehicles like buses. Buses can easily travel directly between the CD roadway and local streets without having to merge and weave on and off of frontage roads. The CD roadways operating speed is generally lower than the main lanes since the CD roadway has more entrance and exit areas. It is worth no

31、ting that a freeways optimal traffic carrying capacity occurs at around 45 mph. Because of this lower operating speed, the CD roadway may be designed with a lower design speed which allows for more flexible design. In general, a freeway system with high traffic volumes, in a city-type area, can have

32、 its overall traffic carrying capacity and flow operations improved by use of a CD system. CD systems are currently in operation in several cities across the nation. Commuter Rail (CR) Commuter Rail is urban passenger train service for short distance (local) travel between a central city and adjacent suburbs and long haul (regional) passenger service between cities. It does not include heavy rail serv